JP5059748B2 - 時限パルス放出システム - Google Patents
時限パルス放出システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5059748B2 JP5059748B2 JP2008510092A JP2008510092A JP5059748B2 JP 5059748 B2 JP5059748 B2 JP 5059748B2 JP 2008510092 A JP2008510092 A JP 2008510092A JP 2008510092 A JP2008510092 A JP 2008510092A JP 5059748 B2 JP5059748 B2 JP 5059748B2
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Classifications
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- A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Description
本発明は、約5時間を超える所定の遅延(遅延時間)の後に薬物を放出する1種または複数種のアルカリ性医薬品の活性成分(actives)を含む時限パルス放出ビーズ集団(timed、pulsatile release bead populations)の開発に関し、さらに一日2回または1回の投与計画に適した目標PK(薬物動態、すなわち、血漿濃度−時間)プロファイルの経口薬物送達システムの提供に関するものであり、これによって、有害な副作用の潜在的な危険をできるだけなくし、患者のコンプライアンスおよび治療効果を向上させ、治療コストが削減される。
多くの治療薬は、一定の割合で吸収部位またはその付近に投与されるとき、最も効果的である。そのように投与された治療薬の吸収は、一般的に、最大の効能、及び、最小の有毒副作用を生じさせる所望の血漿濃度をもたらす。経口適用のための浸透デバイス(osmotic devices)などの精巧な薬物送達システムを開発することに多大の努力が注がれてきた。しかし、薬物の血中濃度を一定に保つことが望ましくない場合がある。例えば、心血管疾患の時間療法の主な目的は、最も必要とされるとき(例えば、早朝の時間)により高濃度の薬物を送達し、必要が少ないとき(例えば、深夜および早期の就寝時間)には濃度を低くすることである。適切に設計された薬物送達システムに加えて、投与の時間も同様に重要である。必要とされる特有の薬物動態プロファイルは、薬物動態パラメーター、薬物溶解度の知識、消化管からの吸収および排出半減期を用いて開発された模擬モデリングから計算することができる。
本発明は、酸性度/アルカリ性度、胃腸液への溶解度、およびその排出半減期に応じて、特定治療薬の経口投与による一日2回または一日1回の投与計画に適したパルス送達システムを提供する。このパルス送達システムは、即時放出(immediate release)(IR)ビーズおよび時限パルス放出(TPR)ビーズ集団などの1種または複数種のビーズ集団を含む。経口投与されると、所定の遅延時間(例えば、10時間以上が実現可能)の後に、各TPRビーズ集団は薬物を急速破裂または徐放性で放出する。IRビーズは、保護膜で被覆された単なる薬物コアであってよい(例えば、オパドライ・クリア(Opadry Clear)によるコーティング)。バリアコーティングを有するこうしたIRビーズを水不溶性高分子と腸溶性高分子の混合物の機能性膜で被覆し、可塑化高分子系は水性組成物または溶剤をベースとする組成物から施す。完成品の剤形は、一日1回または2回の投与計画に適した目標血漿濃度になるように、修飾放出(modified−release)(MR)カプセル、普通の(従来の)錠剤、または活性物質を含む被覆球状ビーズ集団を単独で含むかまたは2種以上の被覆ビーズ集団を含む口腔内崩壊錠(ODT)であってもよい。例えば、排出半減期が約7時間である活性成分の一日1回の剤形は、IRビーズ集団(即時放出が可能)、遅延時間の短い(約3〜4時間)第2のTPRビーズ集団(遅延「破裂」放出が可能)、および遅延時間の長い(約6〜9時間)第3のTPRビーズ集団(排出半減期が約7時間である活性成分の、遅延した(通常は)徐放プロファイルが可能)の混合物を含むことができ、これによって安全性、治療効果および患者のコンプライアンスが向上すると同時に、治療コストが削減される。達成可能な遅延時間は、バリアコーティングの組成と厚さ、遅延コーティングの組成と厚さ、ならびに治療薬の性質に依存する。遅延時間に影響する具体的な因子としては、治療薬のアルカリ性度/酸性度、溶解度、排出半減期、および投与計画(一日2回または一日1回)などがあるが、これらに限定されない。
活性薬剤成分(API)は、通常、精製水に懸濁させたときにわずかに酸性または塩基性のいずれかである(表1を参照)。酸性度またはアルカリ性度の程度は著しく異なる。例えば、pHは、塩酸プロプラノロールの場合のわずか5.7〜6.5からニザチジンの場合のpH6.5〜8.7、アテノロールの場合の7.9〜11.0ものpHまでの範囲に及びうる。固形分が2g/mLで水中に懸濁されたときに7.0以下のpHを示す活性薬剤成分は、本発明の開示においては酸性薬物と呼び、7.0以上のpHを示すAPIはアルカリ性薬物と呼ぶ。
1.1種または複数種の活性薬剤成分で不活性粒子(糖球またはセルロース球など)を高分子結合剤溶液/懸濁液からコーティングし、保護シールコートを施して、即時放出(IR)ビーズを形成することにより薬物含有コアを製造するステップと、
2.可塑化a)水不溶性高分子単独でまたは水溶性高分子と組み合わせて、あるいはb)腸溶性高分子を用いてIRビーズをコーティングして、膜厚が約1.5%〜20重量%のバリア被覆ビーズを形成するステップと、
3.水不溶性高分子と腸溶性高分子の可塑化混合物によってバリア被覆ビーズを約40〜60重量%の膜厚にコーティングして、最高約10時間以上の遅延時間を示すTPR(時限パルス放出)ビーズを形成するステップと、
4.2種以上のビーズ集団(IRビーズと1種または複数種のTPRビーズ集団(ここで、各TPRビーズ集団は異なった遅延時間を示し得る))を硬ゼラチンカプセルに充填するか、または圧縮して従来の錠剤または経口崩壊性錠剤にして、一日1回または一日2回のカプセル製剤を製造するステップと、
を含む時限パルス放出ビーズの製造方法も提供する。
A.ニザチジンのIRビーズ
ニザチジン(168kg)をクルーセル(Klucel)LFなどのヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(18.6kg)の水溶液にゆっくり添加し、よく混合した。#25−30メッシュの糖球(107.4kg)を、32インチの下部噴霧ウルスター(Wurster)インサートを装備したグラット(Glatt)流動床コーター(fluid bed coater)中で薬物懸濁液により被覆した。薬物含有粒子を乾燥させてから、オパドライ・クリア(Opadry Clear)のシールコート(2%(w/w))を最初に施し、過剰の表面水分を飛ばす予防手段としてグラット(Glatt)流動床装置で乾燥させた。薬物負荷は56%(w/w)であった。
上記のように製造されたIRビーズを、下部噴霧ウルスター(Wurster)インサートを装備したグラット(Glatt)GPCG 5を用いて、被覆ビーズの重量を基準にして10%だけ重量増加するように、アセトン/水(98/2)中に溶解したHPMCP(例えば、ヒプロメロース(hypromellose)フタル酸エステル、信越(Shin Etsu)から市販されているHP−55)および可塑剤としてクエン酸トリエチルを90/10の比率で被覆した。
上記のステップAからの薬物含有IRビーズに、アセトン/水(98/2)中の45.5/40/14.5のEC/HPMCP/TEC(エチルセルロース/HPMCP/クエン酸トリエチル)の溶液を流動床コーター中で、約20%、25%および30%だけ重量増加するように噴霧することにより外膜を設けた。被覆粒子は、10分間60℃で単位硬化(unit cured)してTPRビーズを製造した(バッチサイズ(batch size):4kg)。
上記のステップBからの腸溶性−被覆ビーズに、約20%、30%、および40%だけ重量増加するように、アセトン/水(98/2)中の45.5/40/14.5のEC/HPMCP/TECの溶液を流動床コーター中で噴霧することにより、外膜を設けた。被覆粒子は、10分間60℃で単位硬化してTPRビーズを製造した(バッチサイズ:4kg)。
上記(ステップA)のように製造されたIRビーズを、被覆ビーズの重量を基準にして5%だけ重量増加するように、下部噴霧ウルスター(Wurster)インサートを装備したグラット(Glatt)GPCG 5を用いて、アセトン/水中に溶解しTECで可塑化されたエチルセルロースおよびヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(例えば、アクアロン(Aqualon)から市販されているクルーセル(Klucel)LF)を、70/30の比率で被覆した。これらのバリア被覆ビーズに、約20%、30%および40%だけ重量増加するように、アセトン/水(98/2)中の45.5/40/14.5のEC/HPMCP/TECの溶液を流動床コーター中で噴霧することにより外膜を設けた。被覆粒子は、10分間60℃で単位硬化してTPRビーズを製造した(バッチサイズ:4kg)。
A.プロプラノロールHClのIRビーズ:
プロプラノロールHCl(168kg)を、ポリビニルピロリドン(8.8kgのポビドン(povidone)K−30)の水溶液中にゆっくり添加してよく混合した。25−30メッシュの糖球(117.2kg)を、32インチの下部噴霧ウルスター(Wurster)インサートを装備したグラット(Glatt)流動床造粒機を用いて、薬物溶液で被覆した。薬物含有ペレットを乾燥させてから、オパドライ・クリア(Opadry Clear)(6.0kg)のシールコートを最初に施し、過剰の表面水分を飛ばす予防手段としてグラット(Glatt)流動床装置で乾燥させた。薬物負荷は56%(w/w)であった。
上記のように製造したIRビーズを、被覆ビーズの重量を基準にして10%だけ重量増加するように、下部噴霧ウルスター(Wurster)インサートを装備したグラット(Glatt)GPCG 5を用いて、アセトン/水(98/2)中に溶解させたHPMCPおよびTECを90/10の比率で被覆した。
上記のステップAで製造されたIRビーズを、被覆ビーズの重量を基準にして20%、30%および40%だけ重量増加するように、グラット(Glatt)GPCG 5を用いて、アセトン/水(98/2)中に45.5/40/14.5の比率で溶かしたエチルセルロース、HPMCPおよびクエン酸トリエチルで被覆した。
ステップAで製造したIRビーズを、1.8重量%だけ重量増加するように、流動床装置(32インチの下部噴霧ウルスター(Wurster)インサートを装備したフルイド・エア(Fluid Air)FA0300)を用いて、エチルセルロースおよび可塑剤としてフタル酸ジエチル(DEP)を90/10の比率で被覆した。このコーティングの後、被覆ビーズの重量を基準にして15%だけ重量増加するように、アセトン/水(98/2)中に45.5/40/14.5の比率で溶かしたEC/HPMCP/DEPの遅延コーティングを施した。
薬物放出プロファイルは、US薬局方の方法(100rpmのバスケット付きの装置1および50rpmのパドル付きの装置2)に従った溶出試験で、700mLのpH1.2の緩衝液を2時間使用し、その後、残りの時点についてはpH6.8の900mLで試験することにより生成された。IRおよび腸溶性被覆ビーズは、900mLの0.1NのHCl中で1時間および1.5時間それぞれ試験した。別々の時点に抜き出したサンプルをHPLCで定量した。
被覆ビーズの安定性:
実施例1DのEC/HPMCPで40%だけ被覆されたニザチジンのTPRビーズをインダクションシール(induction−sealed)HDPEボトルにひとまとめに入れて、40℃/75%RHで安定状態に保ち、サンプルを1ヶ月、2ヶ月、3ヶ月および6ヶ月の時点で抜き出した。溶出試験は、上に詳述した手順に従って行った。加速安定条件(accelerated stability conditions)で保管されたTPRビーズは、少なくとも6ヶ月間は許容される安定性を示した。
完成品のカプセルは、所望の遅延時間を示す1種または複数種のTPRビーズ集団を含むか、または所望の比率でIRビーズも一緒に含むことができ、かつ目標インビトロ薬物放出プロファイルをもたらすのに十分な量だけ、それゆえに一日2回または一日1回の投与計画に適した目標薬物動態(PK)プロファイルをもたらすのに十分な量だけ、含むことができる。上記の溶出試験手順の後にインビトロ条件で試験すると、負荷投与量を与えるように設計されているIRビーズは、通常、1時間以内に、好ましくは最初の30分以内に薬物を実質的に全部放出する。時限パルス放出(TPR)ビーズは、最高で数時間(経口投与後の最小薬物放出(投与量の約10%未満)の期間)の遅延後に薬物放出を開始するよう設計されている。このパルスは、遅延コーティングおよび/またはバリアコートの厚さに応じて、急速破裂であるかまたは約2時間〜約20時間の範囲の期間にわたる拡散であってよい。
実施例1BのニザチジンIRビーズに施された腸溶性高分子コーティングは、1時間以内に多かれ少なかれ崩壊して、酸性緩衝液中に投与量のほとんどを放出したが、腸溶性高分子は溶解しないことになっていた。それに対して、実施例2Bの塩酸プロプラノロールの腸溶性被覆ビーズでは、pH1.2での1.5時間の溶出試験において放出されたのは投与量のせいぜい1%であり、予期された耐酸性を示した。理論に縛られることは望まないが、被覆ニザチジンビーズのコアに吸収された水分が一部のニザチジンを溶解してアルカリ性pH環境が生じ、その環境により、たとえ溶出溶媒が酸性であっても、腸溶性被覆IRビーズ上の腸溶性高分子膜が破壊される傾向があると思われる。
バリアコートなしのTPRビーズの薬物放出プロファイルを示している図1および2を比較すると、30重量%だけEC/HPMCPで被覆されたニザチジン(わずかにアルカリ性の薬物)被覆のTPRビーズは、遅延時間が3時間未満であることが明白である。それに対して、同じコーティング厚さの同じポリマーブレンドで被覆されたプロプラノロールHCl(わずかに酸性の薬物)のTPRビーズは、遅延時間が約5時間であることを示している。同じコーティング条件および組成物でのニザチジンとプロプラノロールHClのTPRビーズを観察して分かる遅延時間を比較すると、遅延時間を与える点で酸性度/アルカリ性度が重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかである(図3)。
Claims (37)
- 1種または複数種の時限パルス放出ビーズを含む医薬組成物であって、
少なくとも1種の時限パルス放出ビーズが、
a)塩基性の活性薬剤成分またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含むコア粒子と、
b)水不溶性高分子を水溶性/増孔高分子と組み合わせて含む内側バリアコーティングと、
c)水不溶性高分子を腸溶性高分子と組み合わせて含む外側遅延コーティングと、
を含み、
前記時限パルス放出ビーズ集団が、薬物放出開始までに少なくとも6時間の遅延時間をもたらし、
前記水不溶性高分子が、エチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、酢酸酪酸セルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニル、メタクリル酸メチルエステルの重合体、アクリル酸エチルとメタクリル酸メチルとの中性共重合体、アクリル酸エステルとメタアクリル酸エステルとの共重合体、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記水溶性/増孔高分子が、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記腸溶性高分子が、酢酸フタル酸セルロース、フタル酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、コハク酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニルフタレート、pH感受性メタクリル酸−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、シェラック、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記内側バリアコーティングにおける水不溶性高分子と水溶性/増孔高分子との重量比が9:1〜1:1の範囲に及び、
前記外側遅延コーティングにおける前記水不溶性高分子と前記腸溶性高分子との重量比が10:1〜1:3の範囲に及ぶ、医薬組成物。 - 前記塩基性の活性薬剤成分が、鎮痛薬、抗痙攣薬、抗糖尿病剤、抗感染剤、抗悪性腫瘍薬、抗パーキンソン病薬、抗リウマチ剤、心血管薬、中枢神経系刺激薬、ドーパミン受容体作動薬、制吐薬、胃腸薬、精神療法薬、オピオイド作動薬、オピオイド拮抗薬、抗てんかん剤、ヒスタミンH2拮抗薬、抗喘息薬、および骨格筋弛緩剤、ならびにそれらの混合からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記コア粒子が、
i)前記塩基性の活性薬剤成分と任意選択の高分子結合剤とで被覆された不活性粒子、あるいは
ii)前記塩基性の活性薬剤成分を含有するペレット、ミニもしくはミクロ錠剤、微粒剤または顆粒状粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記高分子結合剤が、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、コーンスターチ、アルファ化でんぷん、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記内側バリアコーティング及び前記外側遅延コーティングの少なくとも一方が、可塑剤を含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 即時放出ビーズをさらに含み、
各即時放出ビーズが、前記塩基性の活性薬剤成分またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含むコア粒子を含み、
前記即時放出ビーズが、前記医薬組成物の経口投与後の初めの1時間以内に前記即時放出ビーズに含まれている前記活性薬剤成分の90%以上を放出する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記第1の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団を含み、
(1)第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団、または(2)即時放出ビーズ集団、または(3)第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団および即時放出ビーズ集団の混合物をさらに含み、
前記第1及び第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団が、異なる放出特性を示す、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記外側遅延コーティングが、エチルセルロースをフタル酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースと組み合わせて含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- a)塩基性の活性薬剤成分またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む即時放出ビーズを製造するステップと、
b)内側バリアコーティングを前記即時放出ビーズに施すステップであって、前記内側バリアコーティングが水不溶性高分子を水溶性/増孔高分子と組み合わせて含む、ステップと、
c)水不溶性高分子を腸溶性高分子と組み合わせて含む外側遅延コーティングを、工程b)の内側バリアコーティングを施したビーズまたはa)工程の即時放出ビーズに施すことによって、時限パルス放出ビーズ集団を形成するステップと、
d)カプセル剤または錠剤の形態で1種または複数種の時限パルス放出ビーズおよび即時放出ビーズ集団を合わせるステップと
を含む、医薬組成物の製造方法であって、
前記水不溶性高分子が、エチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、酢酸酪酸セルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニル、メタクリル酸メチルエステルの重合体、アクリル酸エチルとメタクリル酸メチルとの中性共重合体、アクリル酸エステルとメタアクリル酸エステルとの共重合体、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記水溶性/増孔高分子が、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリエチレングリコール、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記腸溶性高分子が、酢酸フタル酸セルロース、フタル酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、コハク酸ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ポリ酢酸ビニルフタレート、pH感受性メタクリル酸−メタクリル酸メチル共重合体、シェラック、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記内側バリアコーティングにおける水不溶性高分子と水溶性/増孔高分子との重量比が9:1〜1:1の範囲に及び、
前記外側遅延コーティングにおける前記水不溶性高分子と前記腸溶性高分子との重量比が10:1〜1:3の範囲に及ぶ、製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の組成物を含む医薬品の製造のための使用。
- 即時放出ビーズ集団と、1種または複数種の塩基性活性薬剤成分の1種または複数種の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団とを含む、患者への経口投与用の請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を含む医薬品の製造のための使用。
- 一日1回または2回の投与計画に適した目標薬物動態プロファイルを与える2種以上の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団を含む、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記外側遅延コーティングの量が、前記時限パルス放出ビーズの20〜60重量%である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 1種の即時放出ビーズ集団と、2種の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団とを含み、
前記即時放出ビーズ集団と前記第1の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団と前記第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団との重量比が、10/20/70〜30/60/10の範囲に及ぶ、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。 - カプセル、錠剤、または経口崩壊性錠剤の形態をとる、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記塩基性の活性薬剤成分が、1g/ml以上の薬物含量で脱イオン水に懸濁したとき、前記脱イオン水のpHと比較してアルカリ性のpHを示す、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記塩基性の活性薬剤成分が、1g/ml以上の薬物含量で脱イオン水に懸濁したとき、わずかにアルカリpHを示す、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- USP装置1または2、および二段階溶出溶媒(最初に700mLの0.1NのHCl中に2時間、その後に900mL(pH6.8)中)を用いて試験を行ったときに薬物放出開始までに少なくとも6時間の遅延時間をもたらす、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を含む医薬品。
- 前記内側バリアコーティングが前記バリア被覆ビーズの1.5〜20重量%を構成する、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記外側遅延コーティングが、腸溶性高分子と組み合わせた水不溶性高分子から本質的になる、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記遅延時間が7時間である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記遅延時間が8時間である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記遅延時間が9時間である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記遅延時間が6〜9時間である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項6に記載の医薬組成物を含む医薬品。
- 2種以上の塩基性の活性薬剤成分を含む、請求項26に記載の医薬品。
- 前記第1の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団が6〜9時間の遅延時間を示し、前記第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団が3〜5時間の遅延時間を示す、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 2種以上の活性薬剤成分を含む、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 第1の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団および第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団を含み、前記第1及び第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団が、異なる放出特性を示す、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 2種以上の活性薬剤成分を含む、請求項30に記載の医薬組成物。
- 第1の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団および即時放出ビーズ集団を含み、2種以上の活性薬剤成分を含む、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 第1の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団、第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団、および即時放出ビーズ集団を含み、前記第1及び第2の時限パルス放出ビーズ集団が異なる放出特性を示す、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- 2種以上の活性薬剤成分を含む、請求項33に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の医薬組成物を含む医薬品。
- e)前記時限パルス放出ビーズを医薬品に組み込むステップをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記外側遅延コーティングが、腸溶性高分子と組み合わせた水不溶性高分子から本質的になる、請求項9に記載の方法。
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JP2018169312A Active JP6815358B2 (ja) | 2005-05-02 | 2018-09-11 | 時限パルス放出システム |
JP2019234192A Pending JP2020059755A (ja) | 2005-05-02 | 2019-12-25 | 時限パルス放出システム |
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CA (3) | CA2963382A1 (ja) |
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