JP5027138B2 - 低pH空気混入製品 - Google Patents
低pH空気混入製品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5027138B2 JP5027138B2 JP2008531587A JP2008531587A JP5027138B2 JP 5027138 B2 JP5027138 B2 JP 5027138B2 JP 2008531587 A JP2008531587 A JP 2008531587A JP 2008531587 A JP2008531587 A JP 2008531587A JP 5027138 B2 JP5027138 B2 JP 5027138B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrophobin
- aerated
- product
- foam
- bubble
- Prior art date
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- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
Description
ハイドロホビンは、タンパク質の明確な種類であり(Wessels、1997、Adv. Microb. Physio. 38:1〜45頁、Wosten、2001、Annu Rev. Microbiol. 55: 625〜646頁)、疎水性/親水性の界面において自己集合することができ、以下の保存配列を有している。
Xn-C-X5-9-C-C-X11-39-C-X8-23-C-X5-9-C-C-X6-18-C-Xm (配列番号1)
ここで、Xは任意のアミノ酸を表し、nおよびmは独立に整数を表す。一般的に、ハイドロホビンは125アミノ酸までの長さを有する。保存配列中のシステイン残基(C)は、ジスルフィド架橋の一部である。本発明の文脈では、ハイドロホビンという用語は、より広い意味合いを有しており、疎水性/親水性の界面における自己集合の特性を示し、結果としてタンパク質フィルムとなる、機能的に同等のタンパク質、例えば以下の配列、
Xn-C-X1-50-C-X0--5-C-X1-100-C-X1-100-C-X1-50-C-X0-5-C-X1-50-C-Xm (配列番号2)
または、疎水性/親水性の界面における自己集合の特性を依然として示し、結果としてタンパク質フィルムとなるこの配列の部分を含むタンパク質を含む。本発明の定義によれば、自己集合はタンパク質をテフロン(登録商標)に吸収させて、円偏光二色性を用いて二次構造(一般的αらせん)の存在を確立することにより検出することができる(De Vocht他、1998、Biophys. J. 74: 2059〜68頁) 。
「低pH組成物」という用語によって、本発明者らは、水相のpHが製品の寿命の一部または全部において5.5未満である任意の組成物を意味する。pHは、5.4、5.2または5.0未満であることが好ましい。一般的に、pHは1.0以上、好ましくは3.0以上、例えば4.0以上である。空気混入食品に関し、一般的に低pH製品は3.0〜5.4のpHを示す。
(空気混入製品の容積−混合物の容積)/混合物の容積)×100
製品中に存在するオーバーランの程度は、所望の製品特性により変わる。例えば、冷凍ヨーグルトにおけるオーバーランの水準は一般的に約70〜100%であり、ムースなどの砂糖菓子では、オーバーランは200〜250%の高さであることができる。一部のチルド製品、常温製品およびホット製品のオーバーラン水準はもっと低くできるが、一般的に10%を超えており、例えばミルクシェークにおけるオーバーラン水準は一般的に10〜40%である。
本発明の空気混入食品は、一般的に4つのグループ、すなわちホット、周囲温度(すなわち、冷却/冷蔵の必要がない室温で保管および/またはサービスされる製品)、チルドまたは冷凍のグループ、の1つに分類される。「食品」という用語には、飲料が含まれる。チルド空気混入食品には、スムージーおよび茶が含まれる。冷凍空気混入食品には冷凍ヨーグルトなどの冷凍菓子が含まれる。
酸、キサンタンガム、および以下に一覧を示す3つの空気混入剤(A〜C)の1つを含有する溶液を含む空気混入製品を調製した。
A:Hyfoama DS
B:モノグリセリドの乳酸エステル(Grinsted Lactem P 22、LACTEM)
C:トリコデルマレーセイからのハイドロホビン(HFBII)。HFBIIは、VTT Biotechnology(フィンランド)から入手、基本的に国際公開第00/58342号およびLinder他、2001、Biomacromolecules 2:511〜517頁に記載されているようにトリコデルマレーセイから精製したものである。
混合物Aに関しては、タンパク質とキサンタンガムをブレンドし、室温の撹拌している水にゆっくりと加えた。その後溶液を、タンパク質が適切に溶解することを確実にするために40℃に加熱し、全体で30分間撹拌した。この混合物を冷却し、さらなる使用まで5℃において保管した。
空気混入の前に、サンプル溶液は10重量%クエン酸溶液を用いて、所望のpHである5.4または3.5のいずれかに酸性化した。これらを表3に要約する。
泡およびその中の気泡の安定性は、その操作について以下に詳しく説明するTurbiscan TLabを用いて測定した。これは、(1)泡容積(すなわち、全体的空気相損失の測定)、(2)平均気泡寸法を時間の関数として決定することを可能にする。
時間の関数としての安定性
平均気泡寸法(t=0分において測定した値に対する)を、各発泡体混合物について時間の関数として測定した結果を図1に示す。pH3.5および5.2の両方において、HFBIIは、HyfoamaまたはLactemのどちらか一方用いて空気混入した泡よりも、気泡がずっと長く安定な泡を形成する。HFBIIによって安定化された泡は、3週間を超えて安定であった。
空気混入製品の調製
0.1%のHFBII、0.5%のキサンタン、0.16%の緑茶粉末、残りが水の茶抽出物含有混合物を作成した。混合物は、以下により調製した。キサンタンおよび緑茶粉末を、撹拌しながら冷水にゆっくりと加え、ポリマーが完全に水和するのを確実にするため、少なくとも30分間撹拌した。次いで所要の濃度のHFBIIをアリコートとして加えた。次いでHFBIIを十分に溶解するため、音響浴中で30秒静かに超音波処理した。この混合物を冷却し、さらなる使用まで5℃において保管した。
平均気泡直径に関する泡の安定性を図5に示す。明らかに、ある期間にわたって気泡寸法に最小限の変化しかないことは、気泡が著しい変化に対して安定していることを示している。さらに、全体の泡の容積はこの期間において一定に保たれている。
2つのシャーベットを、表4に示す成分を用いて作成した。製品Jは、表5に示す混合物Jに関する配合を用いて作成した。この製品中の空気安定剤は、Hygelと呼ばれる市販されている乳タンパク質の加水分解物であった。製品Kは、混合物Kに関して示す配合を用いて作成した。この製品中の空気安定タンパク質はハイドロホビン、HFBIIであった。
混合物Jに関して、全ての成分を冷水に加え、磁器撹拌機を用いて分散し、絶えず撹拌しながら80℃に加熱した。溶液を、-18℃に設定した冷却浴を用いて5℃へと急速に冷却した。ハイドロホビンを含む混合物Kに関しては、HFB IIを冷却した溶液にアリコートとして加えたことを除き、同じ手順に従った。混合物は、さらなる処理まで5℃で保管した。空気混入していない混合物のpHは、pH4であることが測定された。
80mLの冷却した混合物を、空気混入および冷凍のために、(実施例1で説明した)撹拌ポットに移した。冷凍は撹拌ポットの周りのジャケットに循環冷却材を通すことで実施した。混合物を空気混入および冷凍し、以下の剪断および温度状態を用いてシャーベット製品を作成した。100rpmで1分間撹拌し、冷却材(-18℃)循環のスイッチを入れ、次いで1000rpmで2分間撹拌し、次いで300rpmでトルクが1Nmに達するまで(これは製品温度-5℃で起こった)撹拌した。このシャーベットを、-20℃より低い温度に冷却してある適切な容器に収集した。製品Jのオーバーランは113%であること、および製品Kのオーバーランは101%.であることが測定された。
シャーベット製品は、その後2つの温度状態で保管した。
(a)「新鮮」サンプルは、分析まで-80℃で保管した(約1週間)。-80℃では、構造的変化は起こらないので、微細構造は基本的に新鮮サンプルと同じである。
(b)「温度誤用」サンプルは、-10℃において1週間保管した。一部のサンプルは、-10℃においてさらに1週間保管した。
製品の微細構造を、低温型走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて可視化した。顕微鏡用試験片を調製するために、サンプルをドライアイス上で-80℃に冷却し、部分を切断した。この寸法が約6mmx6mmx10mmの部分を、TissueTek:OCT(商標)コンパウンド(PVA11%、カーボワックス5% および85%の非反応性成分)を用いて、冷凍点上のサンプルホルダーに乗せた。ホルダーに含まれたサンプルを、液体窒素の中にさっとくぐらせ、約10-4ミリバールの真空に保持されている低温調製チャンバー(Oxford Instrument CT1500HF)に移した。サンプルを、チャンバー内部で手術用メスの刃を用いて破砕した。次いで氷がゆっくりと昇華して表面細部が現れるように、サンプルを約60〜90秒間-90℃まで温めた。次いでサンプルを、-110℃に冷却して昇華を終わらせた。次にサンプルを、アルゴンプラズマを用いて金で被覆した。この工程も適用圧力10-1mbarの真空下、6ミリアンペア電流で45秒間実施した。次いでサンプルを、通常の走査型電子顕微鏡(JSM 5600)に移し、Oxford Instrument冷却段を-150℃の温度で取り付けた。サンプルを画像化し、該当する区域をデジタル画像取込みソフトウェアを介して捕捉した。
図6は、比較製品の製品J(左側)、本発明による製品K(右側)の微細構造のSEM像を示す。上部の画像は新鮮な製品を示し、下部の画像は温度誤用製品の画像を示す。
空気混入フルーツスムージーを、Unilever UKによって製造されたVie Shots(商標)飲料を使用し、フルーツピューレベースとして調製した。Vie Shots(商標)は、バナナピューレ(28%)、オレンジジュース濃縮液(26%)、ニンジンジュース濃縮液(23%)、カボチャジュース濃縮液(14%)、オレンジパルプ(4%)、レモンジュース濃縮液、アセロラチェリー濃縮液(1.5%)、およびリンゴペクチンを含んでいた。測定されたpH(室温)は、pH4.17であった。キサンタンガムを、撹拌しながらゆっくりとフルーツピューレに、0.5重量%の濃度まで加えた。次いでこれを20分間撹拌し、キサンタンガムを完全に水和させた。既知の容積の0.5重量%のハイドロホビン溶液を、手持ちサイズのaerolatte(商標)装置を用いて、400%オーバーランに空気混入した。これをフルーツピューレに加えて、約100%のオーバーラン、総ハイドロホビン濃度0.1重量%および総キサンタン濃度約0.41重量%.を有する空気混入フルーツスムージー製品を得た。この空気混入フルーツスムージー製品を5℃において保管し、その安定性を3週間にわたってモニターした。図9は、3週間後に空気混入フルーツスムージー製品が安定した空気相を保持しており、著しい気泡成長またはクリーム分離が生じていないことを示している。
空気混入ドレッシングを、Hellman(商標)のLight Vinaigretteをベースとして用いて調製した。このベースは、水、スピリットビネガー、砂糖、改質ポテトマッシュ、ニンニク、塩、レッドペッパー、保存剤、パセリ、ブラックペッパー、タイムおよび着色剤を含んでいた。測定したpH(室温)は、pH3.58であった。キサンタンガムを、撹拌しながら、ビネグレットに0.3重量%.の濃度までゆっくりと加えた。次いでこれを20分間撹拌し、キサンタンガムを完全に水和させた。既知の容積の0.5重量%のハイドロホビン溶液を、手持ちサイズのaerolatte(商標)装置を用いて、400%オーバーランに空気混入した。これをビネグレットドレッシングに加えて、約100%のオーバーラン、総ハイドロホビン濃度0.1重量%、総キサンタン濃度約0.25重量%を有する空気混入ドレッシング製品を得た。次いで製品を5℃で保管し、その安定性を3週間にわたってモニターした。図10は、3週間後に著しい泡の崩壊または気泡成長が生じていないことを示している。また著しい量のクリーム分離も生じていなかった。したがって、ハイドロホビンは、流し込みのできる低pHドレッシング中の泡を、少なくとも3週間適切に安定化することができる。
Claims (9)
- 少なくとも0.001重量%の単離した形態であるハイドロホビンを含む、5.5未満のpHを有する空気混入組成物。
- 1重量%未満のハイドロホビンを含む、請求項1に記載の空気混入組成物。
- ハイドロホビンがクラスIIハイドロホビンである、請求項1または2に記載の空気混入組成物。
- 空気混入食品である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の空気混入組成物。
- 冷凍食品である、請求項4に記載の空気混入組成物。
- 3.0から5.4までのpHを有する、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の空気混入組成物。
- 3.0から5.0までのpHを有する、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の空気混入組成物。
- 5.5未満のpHを有する空気混入組成物中の気泡粗大化防止方法における、ハイドロホビンの使用。
- 5.5未満のpHを有する空気混入組成物中の泡安定化方法における、ハイドロホビンの使用。
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IL188803A (en) | 2011-05-31 |
BRPI0617106B1 (pt) | 2015-09-08 |
CN101267744A (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
US20070071865A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
CN101267744B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
HK1116996A1 (en) | 2009-01-09 |
EP1926389B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
EP1926389A1 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
MY143771A (en) | 2011-07-15 |
ATE417511T1 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
AU2006299222A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
ES2317579T3 (es) | 2009-04-16 |
AU2006299222B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
PT1926389E (pt) | 2009-03-23 |
JP2009508502A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
EP1926389B8 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
WO2007039065A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
IL188803A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
CA2617544A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
US8993030B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
DE602006004369D1 (de) | 2009-01-29 |
BRPI0617106A2 (pt) | 2011-07-12 |
CA2617544C (en) | 2014-03-18 |
NZ565852A (en) | 2011-01-28 |
ZA200800987B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
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