JP4962919B2 - 燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 160
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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Description
まず、この燃料電池システム1においては、当該システムの前回運転終了時の燃料電池2の温度(FC温度)Te、インピーダンスZe、掃気エア量(前回運転終了後、例えば車両のドライバーによるイグニッションスイッチのOFF操作時に燃料電池スタックの中の水を排出するために流すエア量)Feをメモリ(基準FC温度メモリ91、基準インピーダンスメモリ92、基準掃気エア量メモリ93)に記憶しておき、いつでも読み出せるようにしている。燃料電池システム1の始動時には、これらメモリ91〜93に記憶されている各データを読み出し、これらデータに基づいて燃料電池2の残水量Vwを算出する(ステップSP1)。残水量Vwは、前回の掃気時に算出してメモリしておいたデータを用いてもよい。あるいは、当該残水量Vwを例えば以下の式によって算出することができる。
[数式1]
インピーダンスから求められる残水量V1=E/(Z0−F)+G
[数式2]
常温インピーダンスZ0=A*(Te−B)*(Ze−C)+C
によって求めることができる。ただし、A,B,C,D,E,F,Gのそれぞれは、システムによって変化する定数である。
[数式3]
掃気エア量から求められる残水量V2=J−H*Σ(Fe*Pe)
上述した第1の実施形態ではFC温度と残水量Vwとのグラフ中に3つのゾーン(領域)を設定したが、これ以外の数のゾーンとしてもよい。例えば本実施形態では、縦軸が始動時のFC温度、横軸が残水量Vwを表すグラフ中にI〜IVの4つのゾーン(領域)を設定し、残水量Vwと始動時のFC温度との組合せがどのゾーンに位置するかによって車両100の走行可否等を決定する(図5、図6参照)。
上述した第1、第2の実施形態ではFC温度と残水量Vwとのグラフ中に略楕円形状のゾーンを設定したが(図4、図6参照)、ゾーンの形状をこれ以外とすることもできる。例えば本実施形態では、2本の曲線(例えば、反比例グラフの曲線ないしは双曲線に近似した曲線)によって、始動時FC温度が高く残水量Vwが少ない(ドライである)Iゾーン、始動時FC温度が低く残水量Vwが多い(ウェットである)IIIゾーン、両ゾーンの中間であるIIゾーンの3つのゾーンに区切っている(図7参照)。なお、残水量Vwの算出や、車両100の走行可否、急速暖機の要否、および急速暖機時に冷却水(FCC)を無循環とするか否かの判断は、第1の実施形態と同様に行うことができる。
本実施形態では、3本の曲線(例えば、反比例グラフの曲線ないしは双曲線に近似した曲線)によって、始動時FC温度が高く残水量Vwが少ない(ドライである)Iゾーン、始動時FC温度が低く残水量Vwが多い(ウェットである)IVゾーン、両ゾーンの間に位置するIIゾーンおよびIIIゾーンの4つのゾーンに区切っている(図8参照)。残水量Vwの算出や、車両100の走行可否、急速暖機の要否、および急速暖機時に冷却水(FCC)を無循環とするか否かの判断は、第2の実施形態と同様に行うことができる。
Claims (4)
- 燃料電池を含み、氷点下での始動時、該燃料電池を急速に暖機する急速暖機運転を暖機の必要度に応じて実施する燃料電池システムであって、
当該システムの前回運転の運転終了条件を記憶するメモリと、
当該システムの始動時に該メモリから読み出したデータに基づき前記生成水の残水量を算出し、該残水量と、前記燃料電池の始動時の内部温度を反映した始動時関連温度とより、当該システムの急速暖機の要否の判断、および急速暖機が必要な場合に前記燃料電池の冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうかの判断を行う判断手段と、
該判断手段による判断結果に基づき、前記冷却水を循環させながら又は循環させずに、前記燃料電池に供給される反応ガスが通常発電時に比して少なく尚かつ前記通常発電に比して電力損失が大きい低効率発電を実行して急速暖機運転を実施する発電制御手段と、
を有し、
前記判断手段は、前記燃料電池のインピーダンスを測定するインピーダンス測定機能と、前記燃料電池の内部温度を反映した関連温度を測定する関連温度測定機能とを備え、前回運転終了時の前記インピーダンスの測定結果および前記関連温度の測定結果を含むデータに基づき前記生成水の残水量を数式から算出するものであり、
前記データは、当該燃料電池の前回運転終了時のインピーダンス、当該燃料電池の前回運転終了時の関連温度、当該燃料電池の前回運転終了時における前記燃料電池中の水を排出するための掃気エアの積算量であり、
当該燃料電池の始動時関連温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフを複数のゾーンに分け、当該燃料電池の始動時における前記始動時関連温度と当該燃料電池の始動時における前記残水量とが前記複数のゾーンのいずれに属するかに応じて前記冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうかを判断するものであって、
燃料電池車に搭載され、氷点下での始動時、当該燃料電池車が走行可能かどうかの判断を前記判断手段によって行う、
燃料電池システム。 - 当該燃料電池の始動時関連温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフを複数のゾーンに分け、当該燃料電池の始動時における前記始動時関連温度と前記残水量の関係に応じて前記冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうか、および当該燃料電池車が急速暖機運転なしで走行可能かどうかを判断する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池の始動時関連温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフとして、曲線によって閉じられた空間により複数のゾーンに分けられたものが用いられる、請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池の始動時関連温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフとして、反比例グラフの曲線ないしは双曲線に近似した2ないしは3の曲線により複数のゾーンに分けられたものが用いられる、請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009028728A JP4962919B2 (ja) | 2009-02-10 | 2009-02-10 | 燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 |
US13/148,560 US8524406B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-27 | Fuel cell system and start-up control method therefor |
PCT/JP2010/051055 WO2010092871A1 (ja) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-27 | 燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 |
CN201080007265.4A CN102318116B (zh) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-27 | 燃料电池系统和该系统中的起动时控制方法 |
DE112010000819.1T DE112010000819B4 (de) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-01-27 | Startsteuerverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
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JP5741320B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-22 | 2015-07-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN102520368A (zh) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-06-27 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | 燃料电池电堆零度以下环境快速启动的实验方法 |
WO2014054560A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び制御方法 |
US10608264B2 (en) | 2013-01-09 | 2020-03-31 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and control method therefor |
DE102013003512B4 (de) * | 2013-03-04 | 2020-12-10 | Wabco Gmbh | Spannungsversorgung in einem Bordnetz für einen Verdichter einer Luftversorgungsanlage |
JP5790705B2 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2015-10-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
DE102013017543A1 (de) | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-23 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Startvorbereitung eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
JP6137122B2 (ja) | 2014-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムにおける冷却媒体の流量制御方法、および燃料電池システム |
JP6222047B2 (ja) | 2014-11-10 | 2017-11-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の運転制御方法 |
JP6160983B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 | 2017-07-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
KR101655611B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-09-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템의 스택 상태 감지 방법 |
FR3030895B1 (fr) | 2014-12-19 | 2017-01-13 | Michelin & Cie | Systeme a pile a combustible |
FR3030894B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-12-09 | Michelin & Cie | Procede de pilotage de pile a combustible |
JP6361593B2 (ja) | 2015-06-26 | 2018-07-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両および燃料電池システム |
JP6179560B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-08-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2020014353A (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
JP2020014352A (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
DE102019206119A1 (de) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-10-29 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Starten einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung unter Froststartbedingungen sowie Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug |
JP7363674B2 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN114256486A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-29 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 燃料电池系统冷启动的控制方法及燃料电池系统、车辆 |
CN114335617B (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-10-24 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池系统停机吹扫的自适应控制方法 |
JP2023169741A (ja) | 2022-05-17 | 2023-11-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
CN115332582B (zh) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-31 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池低温启动控制系统 |
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JP2002313388A (ja) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の制御方法と燃料電池電気車両 |
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JP4915049B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-05 | 2012-04-11 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料電池システム |
JP2007012565A (ja) * | 2005-07-04 | 2007-01-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2007042477A (ja) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
US7858251B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2010-12-28 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system and scavenging method for use in a fuel cell system |
JP2007280827A (ja) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用の温度制御システム |
JP4831417B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-12 | 2011-12-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2008147139A (ja) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP5126480B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-19 | 2013-01-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5261987B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-31 | 2013-08-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5309602B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-20 | 2013-10-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 |
JP5309603B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-20 | 2013-10-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 |
JP5056239B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-30 | 2012-10-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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CN102318116A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
CN102318116B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
WO2010092871A1 (ja) | 2010-08-19 |
DE112010000819B4 (de) | 2017-01-26 |
US8524406B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
US20120003557A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
JP2010186599A (ja) | 2010-08-26 |
DE112010000819T5 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
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