JP2010186599A - 燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムおよび該システムにおける始動時制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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Abstract
【解決手段】当該システムの前回運転の運転終了条件、始動時温度等のデータ、あるいは前回掃気時における生成水の残水量をメモリに記憶しておき、当該システムの始動時に該メモリから読み出したデータに基づき生成水の残水量を算出し、該残水量と始動時温度より、当該システムの急速暖機の要否の判断、および急速暖機が必要な場合に冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうかの判断を行い、該判断手段による判断結果に基づき、冷却水を循環させながら又は循環させずに、燃料電池に供給される反応ガスが通常発電時に比して少なく尚かつ通常発電に比して電力損失が大きい低効率発電を実行する。データは、例えば、当該燃料電池の前回運転終了時のインピーダンスZe、該燃料電池の温度Te、掃気エア量Feである。
【選択図】図3
Description
まず、この燃料電池システム1においては、当該システムの前回運転終了時の燃料電池2の温度(FC温度)Te、インピーダンスZe、掃気エア量(前回運転終了後、例えば車両のドライバーによるイグニッションスイッチのOFF操作時に燃料電池スタックの中の水を排出するために流すエア量)Feをメモリ(基準FC温度メモリ91、基準インピーダンスメモリ92、基準掃気エア量メモリ93)に記憶しておき、いつでも読み出せるようにしている。燃料電池システム1の始動時には、これらメモリ91〜93に記憶されている各データを読み出し、これらデータに基づいて燃料電池2の残水量Vwを算出する(ステップSP1)。残水量Vwは、前回の掃気時に算出してメモリしておいたデータを用いてもよい。あるいは、当該残水量Vwを例えば以下の式によって算出することができる。
[数1]
インピーダンスから求められる残水量V1=E/(Z0−F)+G
[数2]
常温インピーダンスZ0=A*(Te−B)*(Ze−C)+C
によって求めることができる。ただし、A,B,C,D,E,F,Gのそれぞれは、システムによって変化する定数である。
[数3]
掃気エア量から求められる残水量V2=J−H*Σ(Fe*Pe)
流(FC電流)と出力電圧(FC電圧)との関係を示す図2(I−V曲線)中において、I−Vポイントが出力側に動きくため暖機が遅れる)。また、IIゾーン、IIIゾーンでは停車状態で急速暖機を行う(暖機で氷点を突破させることが可能である)。
上述した第1の実施形態ではFC温度と残水量Vwとのグラフ中に3つのゾーン(領域)を設定したが、これ以外の数のゾーンとしてもよい。例えば本実施形態では、縦軸が始動時のFC温度、横軸が残水量Vwを表すグラフ中にI〜IVの4つのゾーン(領域)を設定し、残水量Vwと始動時のFC温度との組合せがどのゾーンに位置するかによって車両100の走行可否等を決定する(図5、図6参照)。
上述した第1、第2の実施形態ではFC温度と残水量Vwとのグラフ中に略楕円形状のゾーンを設定したが(図4、図6参照)、ゾーンの形状をこれ以外とすることもできる。例えば本実施形態では、2本の曲線(例えば、反比例グラフの曲線ないしは双曲線に近似した曲線)によって、始動時FC温度が高く残水量Vwが少ない(ドライである)Iゾーン、始動時FC温度が低く残水量Vwが多い(ウェットである)IIIゾーン、両ゾーンの中間であるIIゾーンの3つのゾーンに区切っている(図7参照)。なお、残水量Vwの算出や、車両100の走行可否、急速暖機の要否、および急速暖機時に冷却水(FCC)を無循環とするか否かの判断は、第1の実施形態と同様に行うことができる。
本実施形態では、3本の曲線(例えば、反比例グラフの曲線ないしは双曲線に近似した曲線)によって、始動時FC温度が高く残水量Vwが少ない(ドライである)Iゾーン、始動時FC温度が低く残水量Vwが多い(ウェットである)IVゾーン、両ゾーンの間に位置するIIゾーンおよびIIIゾーンの4つのゾーンに区切っている(図8参照)。残水量Vwの算出や、車両100の走行可否、急速暖機の要否、および急速暖機時に冷却水(FCC)を無循環とするか否かの判断は、第2の実施形態と同様に行うことができる。
Claims (9)
- 燃料電池を含み、氷点下での始動時、冷却水の循環を止めて急速に暖機する急速暖機運転を必要に応じて実施する燃料電池システムであって、
当該システムの前回運転の運転終了条件、始動時温度等のデータ、あるいは前回掃気時に算出した当該燃料電池における生成水の残水量を記憶するメモリと、
当該システムの始動時に該メモリから読み出したデータに基づき前記生成水の残水量を算出し、該残水量と始動時温度より、当該システムの急速暖機の要否の判断、および急速暖機が必要な場合に前記冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうかの判断を行う判断手段と、
該判断手段による判断結果に基づき、前記冷却水を循環させながら又は循環させずに、前記燃料電池に供給される反応ガスが通常発電時に比して少なく尚かつ前記通常発電に比して電力損失が大きい低効率発電を実行する発電制御手段と、
を有することを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記判断手段は、前記燃料電池のインピーダンスを測定するインピーダンス測定機能と、前記燃料電池の関連温度を測定する関連温度測定機能とを備え、前記インピーダンスの測定結果および前記関連温度の測定結果を含むデータに基づき前記生成水の残水量を算出する、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記データは、当該燃料電池の前回運転終了時のインピーダンス、該燃料電池の温度、掃気エア量である、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 燃料電池車に搭載された燃料電池システムであって、氷点下での始動時、当該燃料電池車が走行可能かどうかの判断を前記判断手段によって行う、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 当該燃料電池の始動時温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフを複数のゾーンに分け、当該燃料電池の始動時における前記始動時温度と前記残水量とが前記複数のゾーンのいずれに属するかに応じて前記冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうかを判断する、請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 当該燃料電池の始動時温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフを複数のゾーンに分け、当該燃料電池の始動時における前記始動時温度と前記残水量の関係に応じて前記冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうか、および当該燃料電池車が暖機運転なしで走行可能かどうかを判断する、請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池の始動時温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフとして、曲線によって閉じられた空間により複数のゾーンに分けられたものが用いられる、請求項5または6に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池の始動時温度‐前記生成水の残水量(Vw)のグラフとして、反比例グラフの曲線ないしは双曲線に近似した2ないしは3の曲線により複数のゾーンに分けられたものが用いられる、請求項5または6に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 氷点下での始動時、冷却水の循環を止めて急速に暖機する急速暖機運転を必要に応じて実施する燃料電池システムにおける始動時制御方法であって、
当該システムの前回運転の運転終了条件、始動時温度等のデータ、あるいは前回掃気時に算出した当該燃料電池における生成水の残水量をメモリに記憶しておき、
当該システムの始動時に該メモリから読み出したデータに基づき前記生成水の残水量を算出し、該残水量と始動時温度より、当該システムの急速暖機の要否の判断、および急速暖機が必要な場合に前記冷却水を無循環で始動させるかどうかの判断を行い、
該判断手段による判断結果に基づき、前記冷却水を循環させながら又は循環させずに、前記燃料電池に供給される反応ガスが通常発電時に比して少なく尚かつ前記通常発電に比して電力損失が大きい低効率発電を実行する、燃料電池システムにおける始動時制御方法。
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