JP4939411B2 - 電池中の電極構造物に関する改良 - Google Patents
電池中の電極構造物に関する改良 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4939411B2 JP4939411B2 JP2007523142A JP2007523142A JP4939411B2 JP 4939411 B2 JP4939411 B2 JP 4939411B2 JP 2007523142 A JP2007523142 A JP 2007523142A JP 2007523142 A JP2007523142 A JP 2007523142A JP 4939411 B2 JP4939411 B2 JP 4939411B2
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- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
a)前記電極組成物は、電気化学的活物質を含み、
b)前記電極組成物は、電流コレクタ上に1層又は数層で設けられ、電流コレクタの近位に内面を、電流コレクタから遠位に外面を有し、
c)前記電極組成物は、内面から外面に向かう方向で減少する不均一な多孔率を有する。
a)電流コレクタを用意するステップと、
b)内面が電流コレクタの近位に、外面が電流コレクタから遠位にあるコーティングを製造するように電極組成物の1層又は複数の連続層を電流コレクタ上に塗布するステップと、
c)コーティングが、内面から外面に向かう方向で減少する不均一な多孔率を有するように、塗布プロセスを使用するか又は該コーティングに後処理を施すステップと
を含む。
1)電極活物質少なくとも1つ並びに任意選択的な導電材料、バインダー及び他の任意選択的な添加物を含む混合物を物理的に叩き砕くか又は粉砕し、かつ均質化するステップ。
2)溶媒又は溶媒混合物中の均質化された混合物からスラリーを調製するステップ。
3)電流コレクタ上へスラリーの層を付着させるステップ。
4)生じた活性電極活性層の乾燥するステップ。
5)中間及び最終乾燥を伴う、第一層上へ、場合により、スラリーの1つ以上の層を付着させるステップ。
6)生じた単層もしくは多層電極構造物又は少なくとも付着されたスラリーを圧縮又は圧延させるステップ。
7)次の層の付着前に、スラリーの各付着層を圧縮又は圧延してもよい。
8)種々のスラリーを種々の層のために使用してもよい。
1)陽極(カソード)に関しては、硫黄、硫黄を基礎とする無機又は有機化合物(オリゴマー又はポリマーを含む)、単純金属酸化物及び複合金属酸化物、硫化物、これらの混合物、他の電気活性物質又は前記物質の混合物。
2)陰極(アノード)に関しては、金属粉末、アルカリ金属−カーボン及びアルカリ金属−グラファイト層間物質、これらの混合物、他の電気活性物質又は前記物質の混合物。これに関連して特に有効なアルカリ金属は、リチウムである。
a)本発明に記載の方法又は他の方法によりアノードを製造するステップと、
b)本発明に記載の方法により固体カソードを製造するステップと、
c)アノードとカソードとの間に電解質を装入し、セル又は電池を組み立てるステップと
を含む化学的電源の製法にも関する。
Claims (39)
- 化学的電源用の電極構造物であって、前記電極構造物は、少なくとも1つの電流コレクタと、電流コレクタ上に設けられた電極組成物とを含み、
a)前記電極組成物は、電気化学的活物質を含み、
b)前記電極組成物は、前記電流コレクタ上に1層又は数層で設けられ、前記電流コレクタの近位に内面を、前記電流コレクタから遠位に外面を有し、
c)前記電極組成物は、内面から外面に向かう方向で減少する不均一な多孔率を有し、
陽極(カソード)として構成される電極構造物。 - 前記電気化学的活物質が、硫黄、硫黄を基礎とする無機及び有機化合物、単純金属酸化物及び複合金属酸化物、硫化物並びにこれらの混合物から選択される請求項1に記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電極組成物が、更にバインダーを含む請求項1または2に記載の電極構造物。
- 化学的電源用の電極構造物であって、前記電極構造物は、少なくとも1つの電流コレクタと、電流コレクタ上に設けられた電極組成物とを含み、
a)前記電極組成物は、電気化学的活物質を含み、
b)前記電極組成物は、前記電流コレクタ上に1層又は数層で設けられ、前記電流コレクタの近位に内面を、前記電流コレクタから遠位に外面を有し、
c)前記電極組成物は、内面から外面に向かう方向で減少する不均一な多孔率を有し、
陰極(アノード)として構成され、
前記電気化学的活物質が、金属粉末、アルカリ金属−カーボン及びアルカリ金属−グラファイト層間物質並びにこれらの混合物から選択され、
前記電極組成物が、更にバインダーを含む電極構造物。 - 前記電極組成物が、更に導電材料を含む請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電気化学的活物質が、前記電極組成物の5〜95重量%を占める請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電気化学的活物質が、前記電極組成物の少なくとも70重量%を占める請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記導電材料が、前記電極組成物の70重量%までを占める請求項5に記載の電極構造物。
- 前記導電材料が、導電性ポリマー、炭素繊維、金属繊維、炭素粉末、金属粉末、カーボンフレーク及び金属フレークから選択される請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の電極構造物。
- 前記炭素粉末が、すす及びカーボンブラックから選択される請求項9に記載の電極構造物。
- 前記バインダーが、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリシロキサン、ポリイミド、ポリホスファゼン、ポリエーテル、スルホン化ポリイミド、ペルフルオロ化ポリマー、ポリジビニルポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、及びポリアリールスルホンを含むポリマー、該ポリマーの混合物及び誘導体、及び該ポリマーの繰り返し単位を含むコポリマーを含むポリマーから選択される請求項3〜10のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記バインダーが、電極組成物の0.5〜30重量%を占める請求項3〜11のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電極組成物が、単層として存在する請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電極組成物が、多層として存在する請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記層又は各層が、厚さ0.1〜10μmを有する請求項13又は14に記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電極組成物が、10層までの層として存在する請求項14又は15に記載の電極構造物。
- 前記層が、合計で1〜100μmの厚さを有する請求項14〜16のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 前記電極組成物が、平均多孔率5〜85%を有する請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の電極構造物。
- 化学的電源用の電極構造物の製造方法であって、
a)電流コレクタを用意するステップと、
b)内面が前記電流コレクタの近位に、外面が前記電流コレクタの遠位にあるコーティングを製造するように電極組成物の1層又は複数の連続層を前記電流コレクタ上にコーティングするステップと、
c)前記電流コレクタへの適用後に、前記層又は各層を圧縮するか又は圧延することにより、前記コーティングが、前記内面から前記外面に向かう方向で減少する不均一な多孔率を有するように、コーティングプロセスを使用するか又は前記コーティングに後処理を施すステップと
を含む製造方法。 - 前記電極組成物が、硫黄、硫黄を基礎とする無機及び有機化合物、単純金属酸化物及び複合金属酸化物、硫化物並びにこれらの混合物から選択される電気化学的活物質を含む請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記電極組成物が、金属粉末、アルカリ金属−カーボン及びアルカリ金属−グラファイト層間物質並びにこれらの混合物から選択される電気化学的活物質を含む請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記電極組成物が、更に導電材料を含む請求項19〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記電極組成物が、更にバインダーを含む請求項21〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記導電材料が、導電性ポリマー、炭素繊維、金属繊維、炭素粉末、金属粉末、カーボンフレーク及び金属フレークから選択される請求項22又は23に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素粉末が、すす及びカーボンブラックから選択される請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記バインダーが、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリシロキサン、ポリイミド、ポリホスファゼン、ポリエーテル、スルホン化ポリイミド、ペルフルオロ化ポリマー、ポリジビニルポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、及びポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレートを含むポリマー、該ポリマーの混合物及び誘導体、及び該ポリマーの繰り返し単位を含むコポリマーを含むポリマーから選択される請求項23〜25のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記電極組成物が、スラリーとして適用される請求項19〜26のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーが、前記電極組成物を粉砕、及び均質化して、溶媒を添加して調製される請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーが、5〜50重量%の固体を含み、残りは溶媒である請求項28に記載の方法。
- スラリーの最初の単一のコーティングを、前記電流コレクタに適用し、及び乾燥させる請求項27〜29のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記最初のコーティングが乾燥した後に、スラリーの更なるコーティングを適用する請求項30に記載の方法。
- 種々のスラリー組成物を用いて、連続コーティングを適用する請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記スラリー組成物が、固体対溶媒の種々の比を有する請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記連続コーティングを、種々の温度又は圧力条件下で乾燥させる請求項31〜33のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記連続コーティングを、種々の条件下で圧縮又は圧延させる請求項31〜34のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の電極構造物又は請求項19〜35のいずれかに記載の方法により製造された電極構造物を少なくとも1つ含む電池。
- 前記電池が、リチウム電池又はリチウムイオン電池である請求項36に記載の電池。
- 前記電池が、リチウムポリマー電池である請求項37に記載の電池。
- 前記電池が、動作電圧1.2〜4.1Vを有する請求項36〜38のいずれかに記載の電池。
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