JP4907246B2 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Si−M
(上記化学式1及び2で、XとYはそれぞれ独立的に水素、ハロゲン基及び、フッ素化された炭素数1乃至5のアルキル基からなる群より選択され、上記XとYのうちの少なくとも一つはハロゲン基及び、フッ素化された炭素数1乃至5のアルキル基からなる群より選択され、上記MはAl、Sn、Ag、Fe、Bi、Mg、Zn、In、Ge、Pb、及びTiからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属元素である。)
−(Si)n+H2O→−(Si)nOH2:ジェミナルシラノール(geminal silanol)
−(Si)OH2→−(Si)nOH+H++e−:遊離シラノール(free silanol)
Si−M
(上記化学式1及び2で、XとYはそれぞれ独立的に水素、ハロゲン基、及びフッ素化された炭素数1乃至5のアルキル基からなる群より選択され、上記XとYのうちの少なくとも一つはハロゲン基及び、フッ素化された炭素数1乃至5のアルキル基からなる群より選択され、上記MはAl、Sn、Ag、Fe、Bi、Mg、Zn、In、Ge、Pb、及びTiからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属元素である。)
上記化学式1のエチレンカーボネート系化合物は電解質全質量に対して好ましくは0.1乃至10質量%、より好ましくは3乃至7質量%、最も好ましくは1乃至5質量%の量で含まれてもよい。エチレンカーボネート系化合物の添加量が0.1質量%未満であれば、負極表面における皮膜形成が不充分であるため寿命特性が低下するおそれがあって好ましくなく、また、エチレンカーボネート系化合物の添加量が10質量%を超過すれば、電解質の粘度が増大して寿命特性が低下するおそれがあるために好ましくない。
Si−M
(上記化学式2で、上記MはAl、Sn、Ag、Fe、Bi、Mg、Zn、In、Ge、Pb、及びTiからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属元素である。)
より好ましくは、Al、Fe及びInからなる群より選択される1種以上の物質を使用してもよい。
LixMn1−yMyA2 (3)
LixMn1−yMyO2−zXz (4)
LixMn2O4−zXz (5)
LixMn2−yMyM’zA4 (6)
LixCo1−yMyA2 (7)
LixCo1−yMyO2−zXz (8)
LixNi1−yMyA2 (9)
LixNi1−yMyO2−zXz (10)
LixNi1−yCoyO2−zXz (11)
LixNi1−y−zCoyMzAα (12)
LixNi1−y−zCoyMzO2−αXα (13)
LixNi1−y−zMnyMzAα (14)
LixNi1−y−zMnyMzO2−αXα (15)
LixMn2−y−zMyM’zA4 (16)
(上記式で、0.9≦x≦1.1,0≦y≦0.5、0≦z≦0.5、0≦α≦2;MとM’は同一または互いに異なって、Mg、Al、Co、K、Na、Ca、Si、Ti、Sn、V、Ge、Ga、B、As、Zr、Ni、Mn、Cr、Fe、Sr、V及び、希土類元素からなる群より選択され、AはO、F、S及びPからなる群より選択され、XはF、S及びPからなる群より選択する。)
下記表1に示された組成を有する電解質を製造した。
(電池の初期可逆効率測定)
実施例2及び比較例1のリチウム二次電池に対して寿命特性を測定した。
(SEI皮膜成分分析)
(表面構造分析)
Claims (12)
- 下記化学式1のエチレンカーボネート系化合物、非水性有機溶媒及びリチウム塩を含む電解質と;
リチウムと可逆的に化合物を形成することができる下記化学式2のシリコン含有合金を含む負極活物質を含む負極と;
リチウムの可逆的な挿入及び脱離が可能な化合物またはリチウムと可逆的に反応してリチウム含有化合物を形成することができる物質を含む正極活物質を含む正極とを含み、
上記エチレンカーボネート系化合物は電解質全質量に対して0.1質量%以上10質量%未満の量で含まれ、
0.05乃至0.5Cで1乃至2回充放電した時、負極表面にLiFを含むSEI皮膜が形成されることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池:
[化2]
Si−M
(上記化学式1及び2で、XとYはそれぞれ独立的に水素、ハロゲン基、及びフッ素化された炭素数1乃至5のアルキル基からなる群より選択され、上記XとYのうちの少なくとも一つはハロゲン基及びフッ素化された炭素数1乃至5のアルキル基からなる群より選択され、上記MはAl、Sn、Ag、Fe、Bi、Mg、Zn、In、Ge、Pb、及びTiからなる群より選択される1種以上の金属元素である。) - 上記SEI皮膜は皮膜全質量に対して1乃至20質量%のLiFを含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記SEI皮膜は5乃至50Åの厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記エチレンカーボネート系化合物はフルオロエチレンカーボネート、フルオロプロピレンカーボネート、フルオロガンマブチロラクトン、クロロエチレンカーボネート、クロロプロピレンカーボネート、クロロガンマブチロラクトン、ブロモエチレンカーボネート、ブロモプロピレンカーボネート、ブロモガンマブチロラクトン及び、これらの混合物からなる群より選択される1種以上のものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記エチレンカーボネート系化合物は電解質全質量に対して3乃至7質量%の量で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記エチレンカーボネート系化合物は電解質全質量に対して1乃至5質量%の量で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記負極活物質は負極活物質全質量に対してSiを30乃至80質量%含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記負極活物質は5乃至30μmの平均粒子サイズを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記非水性有機溶媒はベンゼン、トルエン、フルオロトルエン、1,2−ジフルオロベンゼン、1,3−ジフルオロベンゼン、1,4−ジフルオロベンゼン、1,2,3−トリフルオロベンゼン、1,2,4−トリフルオロベンゼン、クロロベンゼン、1,2−ジクロロベンゼン、1,3−ジクロロベンゼン、1,4−ジクロロベンゼン、1,2,3−トリクロロベンゼン、1,2,4−トリクロロベンゼン、ヨードベンゼン、1,2−ジヨードベンゼン、1,3−ジヨードベンゼン、1,4−ジヨードベンゼン、1,2,3−トリヨードベンゼン、1,2,4−トリヨードベンゼン、フルオロトルエン、1,2−ジフルオロトルエン、1,3−ジフルオロトルエン、1,4−ジフルオロトルエン、1,2,3−トリフルオロトルエン、1,2,4−トリフルオロトルエン、クロロトルエン、1,2−ジクロロトルエン、1,3−ジクロロトルエン、1,4−ジクロロトルエン、1,2,3−トリクロロトルエン、1,2,4−トリクロロトルエン、ヨードトルエン、1,2−ジヨードトルエン、1,3−ジヨードトルエン、1,4−ジヨードトルエン、1,2,3−トリヨードトルエン、1,2,4−トリヨードトルエン、R−CN(Rは炭素数2乃至50個の炭化水素基を有し、この炭化水素基は直鎖状、分枝状、環構造でも良く、また、その基の中に二重結合、芳香環、又はエーテル結合を含んでいても良い)、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセテート、キシレン、シクロヘキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、シクロヘキサノン、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、メチルプロピオン酸塩、エチルプロピオン酸塩、メチルアセテート、エチルアセテート、プロピルアセテート、ジメトキシエタン、1,3−ジオキソラン、ジグライム、テトラグライム、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、及びスルホランからなる群より選択される1種以上のものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記リチウム塩はLiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiC4F9SO3、LiClO4、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CxF2y+1SO2)(ここで、x及びyは自然数である)、LiCl、LiI及びリチウムビスオキザレートボレートからなる群より選択される1種以上のものである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記リチウム塩は0.1乃至2Mの濃度で使用されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記正極は下記(3)乃至(16)からなる群より選択されるリチウム化合物を正極活物質として含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池:
LixMn1−yMyA2 (3)
LixMn1−yMyO2−zXz (4)
LixMn2O4−zXz (5)
LixMn2−yMyM’zA4 (6)
LixCo1−yMyA2 (7)
LixCo1−yMyO2−zXz (8)
LixNi1−yMyA2 (9)
LixNi1−yMyO2−zXz (10)
LixNi1−yCoyO2−zXz (11)
LixNi1−y−zCoyMzAα (12)
LixNi1−y−zCoyMzO2−αXα (13)
LixNi1−y−zMnyMzAα (14)
LixNi1−y−zMnyMzO2−αXα (15)
LixMn2−y−zMyM’zA4 (16)
(上記式で、0.9≦x≦1.1,0≦y≦0.5、0≦z≦0.5、0≦α≦2;MとM’は同一または互いに異なって、Mg、Al、Co、K、Na、Ca、Si、Ti、Sn、V、Ge、Ga、B、As、Zr、Ni、Mn、Cr、Fe、Sr、V及び、希土類元素からなる群より選択され、AはO、F、S及びPからなる群より選択され、XはF、S及びPからなる群より選択する。)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020050061126A KR100684733B1 (ko) | 2005-07-07 | 2005-07-07 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR10-2005-0061126 | 2005-07-07 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007019027A JP2007019027A (ja) | 2007-01-25 |
| JP4907246B2 true JP4907246B2 (ja) | 2012-03-28 |
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| JP2006188518A Active JP4907246B2 (ja) | 2005-07-07 | 2006-07-07 | リチウム二次電池 |
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| US (1) | US20070037063A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4907246B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100684733B1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (78)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2395059B (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2005-03-16 | Imp College Innovations Ltd | Structured silicon anode |
| EP1732846A2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2006-12-20 | California Institute Of Technology | Methods for purifying carbon materials |
| US8377586B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2013-02-19 | California Institute Of Technology | Fluoride ion electrochemical cell |
| US20070218364A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-09-20 | Whitacre Jay F | Low temperature electrochemical cell |
| US7563542B2 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2009-07-21 | California Institute Of Technology | Subfluorinated graphite fluorides as electrode materials |
| US7794880B2 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2010-09-14 | California Institute Of Technology | Fluorination of multi-layered carbon nanomaterials |
| US20100221603A1 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2010-09-02 | Rachid Yazami | Lithium ion fluoride battery |
| US8232007B2 (en) | 2005-10-05 | 2012-07-31 | California Institute Of Technology | Electrochemistry of carbon subfluorides |
| GB0601319D0 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2006-03-01 | Imp Innovations Ltd | A method of fabricating pillars composed of silicon-based material |
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| JP3368446B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-09 | 2003-01-20 | 古河電池株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
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| KR100544515B1 (ko) | 2003-02-06 | 2006-01-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고효율 리튬 이차 전지 |
| JP4671589B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-15 | 2011-04-20 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用電解質及びリチウム二次電池 |
| US7491471B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2009-02-17 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
| JP3746501B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-09 | 2006-02-15 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用電極材料及びリチウム二次電池及びリチウム二次電池用電極材料の製造方法 |
| JP3929429B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-09 | 2007-06-13 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 |
| JP4022889B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2007-12-19 | ソニー株式会社 | 電解液および電池 |
| JP3835806B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-10-18 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水二次電池の製造方法 |
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| US20070037063A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
| JP2007019027A (ja) | 2007-01-25 |
| KR100684733B1 (ko) | 2007-02-20 |
| KR20070006955A (ko) | 2007-01-12 |
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