JP4519071B2 - カーボンナノチューブの構造選択分離と表面固定 - Google Patents
カーボンナノチューブの構造選択分離と表面固定 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4519071B2 JP4519071B2 JP2005517986A JP2005517986A JP4519071B2 JP 4519071 B2 JP4519071 B2 JP 4519071B2 JP 2005517986 A JP2005517986 A JP 2005517986A JP 2005517986 A JP2005517986 A JP 2005517986A JP 4519071 B2 JP4519071 B2 JP 4519071B2
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- carbon nanotubes
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- metal
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Description
(1)以下の工程:
a)カーボンナノチューブを含む試料に光を照射する工程;および
b)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを選択する工程、
を包含する、試料中の所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、濃縮または精製する方法。
(2)上記物性が、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(3)上記カーボンナノチューブは、単層構造を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(4)上記光は、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の特定波長を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(5)上記光は、上記特定波長を有する単色光またはレーザー光である、項目4に記載の方法。
(6)上記工程a)における光照射は、金属の存在下で行われる、項目1に記載の方法。(7)上記金属は、アルカリ金属;アルカリ土類金属;IIIA族〜VIIA族、VIII族および1Bの元素からなる群から選択される遷移元素;ならびに希土類元素からなる群から選択される、項目6に記載の方法。
(8)上記工程b)は、所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与えることによって行われる、項目1に記載の方法。
(9)上記工程b)は、クロマトグラフィーによって行われる、項目1に記載の方法。
(10)上記試料は、界面活性剤をさらに含む溶液である、項目1に記載の方法。
(11)上記界面活性剤は、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、トリトンX、アルキルスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム、ノニルフェノールエトキシレート、オクチルフェニルポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ラウリルポリオキシエチレンエーテルおよびセチルポリオキシエチレンエーテルからなる群から選択される、項目10に記載の方法。
(12)上記試料は、カーボンナノチューブの水分散液または水溶液である、項目1に記載の方法。
(13)上記カーボンナノチューブは、分子内にカルボキシル基またはアミノ基を置換基として有する飽和または不飽和炭素鎖分子で、共有結合、イオン結合、水素結合または分子間相互作用によって表面修飾されている、項目1に記載の方法。
(14)上記試料は、金属イオンおよび電子ドナーをさらに含む溶液である、項目1に記載の方法。
(15)上記溶液における金属イオンの濃度は、0.001〜10%である、項目14に記載の方法。
(16)上記水溶液中における電子ドナーの濃度は、0.001〜10%である、項目14に記載の方法。
(17)上記電子ドナーは、アルコール類、アミン類、アルギニン、ベンズアルデヒド、ヒドラジン、カルボン酸類、アミノ酸、トルエン、アルキルベンゼン類、テルペン類、エーテル類、シラン類およびチオール類からなる群から選択される、項目14に記載の方法。
(18)以下の工程:a)カーボンナノチューブを含むと予想される試料に光を照射する工程;b)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを選択する工程;およびc)該選択されたカーボンナノチューブを同定する方法、を包含する、試料中の所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを分析する方法。
(19)上記物性が、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、項目18に記載の方法。
(20)項目2に記載の方法によって分離された、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方が均一である、カーボンナノチューブ。
(21)項目2に記載の方法によって、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方が均一であるカーボンナノチューブ含量が上昇した、カーボンナノチューブ組成物。
(22)少なくとも99%の純度で、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方が均一であるカーボンナノチューブを含む、カーボンナノチューブ組成物。
(23)項目20に記載のカーボンナノチューブを支持体上に吸着固定させて得られる、カーボンナノチューブ薄膜。
(24)項目20に記載のカーボンナノチューブを支持体上にアレイ状に吸着固定されて得られる、カーボンナノチューブアレイ。
(25)項目23に記載のカーボンナノチューブ薄膜を含む、光学フィルター。
(26)項目23に記載のカーボンナノチューブ薄膜を含む、電子デバイス。
(27)導電性薄膜、誘電体薄膜、センサー電極、高エネルギー密度燃料電池用電極、高機能ディスプレイ、単分子検出センサー、加速度検出センサーおよび磁場検出センサーからなる群から選択される、項目26に記載の電子デバイス。
(28)A)カーボンナノチューブを含む試料の導入部;B)該試料に光を照射する手段;およびC)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを選択する手段、を備える、試料中の所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、濃縮または精製する装置。
(29)上記物性が、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、項目28に記載の装置。
(30)上記手段B)は、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の特定波長を有する単色光またはレーザー光の光源である、項目28に記載の装置。
(31)上記手段B)は、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の多波長光源である、項目28に記載の装置。
(32)上記手段C)は、所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与える、磁力制御可能な電磁石である、項目28に記載の装置。
(33)上記手段C)は、クロマトグラフィーである、項目28に記載の装置。
(34)上記試料は、界面活性剤をさらに含む溶液である、項目28に記載の装置。
(35)上記試料は、カーボンナノチューブの水分散液または水溶液である、項目28に記載の装置。
(36)上記試料は、金属イオンおよび電子ドナーをさらに含む溶液である、項目28に記載の装置。
以下に本明細書において特に使用される用語の定義を列挙する。
アーク放電法は、もっとも初期にカーボンナノチューブを生成するのに利用されていた方法である。二本のグラファイト棒を数nmまで近づけて設置し、不活性ガス中でそれぞれを強い直流電源につなぎ、電源を入れる。負電極と正電極との間で激しい放電を生じ、グラファイト棒が蒸発し、炭素クラスターが得られる。これを室温にまで冷却すると負電極にカーボンナノチューブ、フラーレンなど様々なものが堆積する。金属触媒がない場合は、多層カーボンナノチューブしか生成しないが、Co、NiまたはFeなどの金属触媒を加えることによって単層カーボンナノチューブが生成する。
上記方法と同様に、グラファイト棒を電気炉で、例えば1200度付近に加熱し、例えば500Torrのアルゴンガスをゆっくり流しながら、Nd/YAGレーザーを使用して瞬時にグラファイト棒を蒸発させて単層カーボンナノチューブを得る。この方法により、単層カーボンナノチューブを大量生成することが可能である。
基板を炉に入れ、例えば600℃に加熱しながらゆっくりと炭素の供給源となるガス(メタン)を流す。ガスが分解して炭素原子が放たれ、再結合してカーボンナノチューブが形成される。このCVD法は、上記の2つの方法と比べて、工業的な大量生産に向いているが、単層カーボンナノチューブの生成には適切ではない。
本発明における理論とは、カーボンナノチューブの電子準位と、金属の酸化還元電位を利用して、カーボンナノチューブを物性ごとに選択的に分離するというものであるが、まず、その相関関係について図1に図示することにする。
本発明の1実施形態では、光触媒反応によってカーボンナノチューブに金属を還元析出させ、磁場により析出した金属を引き寄せ、結果として直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方が揃ったカーボンナノチューブを集積させるという方法がとられる。この集積挙動は、ラマンスペクトルにより観測することができる。
有機化学については、例えば、Organic Chemistry,R.T.Morrison,R.N.Boyd 5th ed.(1987年)などに記載されており、これらは本明細書において関連する部分が参考として援用される。
以下に、本発明の好ましい実施形態について説明する。
別の好ましい実施形態において、本発明における試料中の所望の所望の物性(直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む)を有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、濃縮または精製する方法で使用される試料は、金属イオンおよび電子ドナーをさらに含む溶液である。溶液における金属イオンの濃度は、0.001〜10%が好ましく、0.05〜5%がさらに好ましく、0.1〜1%が特に好ましい。溶液における金属イオンの濃度が0.001%を下回ると、カーボンナノチューブ表面上への金属の析出が不十分で好ましくなく、10%を上回ると、後に金属不純物をカーボンナノチューブから除去する際に精製が困難となり好ましくない。溶液中における電子ドナーの濃度は、共に使用する金属イオンの濃度と同じか、またはそれ以上の濃度であることが好ましい。本発明における代表的な電子ドナーは、アルコール類、アミン類、アルギニン、ベンズアルデヒド、ヒドラジン、カルボン酸類、アミノ酸、トルエン、アルキルベンゼン類、テルペン類、エーテル類、シラン類およびチオール類からなる群から選択されるが、これらに限定されない。本発明における電子ドナーは、アルコール類が好ましく、特にメタノールが好ましい。
(実施例1)
(1.1 カーボンナノチューブへの金属析出)
まず、カーボンナノチューブ(CarboLex AP−Grade SWNT[SWNT:純度50〜70%])を、1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)水溶液中で、24℃、12000rpmの条件下で15分間超音波分散処理し、上澄み液をシリンジフィルター(pore filter 0.2μm)で濾過し、再度超音波処理および遠心分離を同様の条件で繰り返し行い、完全にミセル分散させた。
II)0.1M CoCl2水溶液
III)0.1M MnCl2水溶液。
上記1.1で集積させたカーボンナノチューブの構造を、顕微ラマン測定により評価した。図5は、金属析出反応前後のカーボンナノチューブのRadial Breathing Modeのラマンスペクトルを示す。これより140〜270cm−1に複数のピークを有するスペクトルが分離操作により267cm−1に主ピークを有する形状に変化することが示されている。これは、直径0.9〜1.7nmの広い直径分布を有する未精製カーボンナノチューブ試料から、直径0.93nm付近で、かつカイラルベクトルが(10,3)の半導体性のカーボンナノチューブのみが選択的に分離・回収されたことを示している。また、分離後のスペクトルが析出金属に依存して変化しており、これは本手法において金属の種類を変化させることによって分離能が制御可能であることを示唆している。使用した金属の種類と分離されたカーボンナノチューブの直径との関係を、図6に示す。
図8は本発明の一実施形態を表す装置構造図である。光電気化学金属析出のための照射光源にはそれぞれ1064nm(λ1)、785nm(λ2)、514nm(λ3)の異なる波長を用いた。カーボンナノチューブ含有溶液には、精製前のカーボンナノチューブを1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム水溶液にミセル分散したものを用いた。反応容器に薄膜ガラスを固定し、カーボンナノチューブ含有溶液にFe(NH4)2(SO4)2が0.1Mとなるように加えて、基板上へ各照射光(λ1、λ2、λ3)を10分間、照射した。光照射後に基板に堆積した金属析出カーボンナノチューブを硫酸で洗浄し、堆積したカーボンナノチューブのカイラルベクトルを決定するためにRadial Breathing Modeのラマン分光測定を行った。波長λ1で照射した部分には、カイラルベクトル(9,1)のカーボンナノチューブであることが確認された。また波長λ2で照射した部分にはカイラルベクトル(11,3)、(13,10)に対応するカーボンナノチューブが、波長λ3で照射した部分にはカイラルベクトル(13,1)に対応するカーボンナノチューブが堆積することが確認された。これにより、特定のカイラルベクトルを有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、精製することができた。
図9は、上記実施例2にカーボンナノチューブ含有溶液をフローして分散カーボンナノチューブを連続的に供給することを付け加えて同様の実験を行った。その結果、上記と同様の選択性をもってカーボンナノチューブが堆積し、その堆積量を2〜10倍に増大させることができた。
図10は、実施例3において光源照射部位をリソグラフィーパターンマスク(幅10マイクロメートル)に限定して同様の実験を行った。その結果、上記と同様の構造選択性をもってカーボンナノチューブが場所選択的に堆積させることができた。これより特定のカイラルベクトルを有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、精製し、基板の任意の位置に固定することができた。
Claims (21)
- 以下の工程:
a)金属イオンおよび電子ドナーを含むカーボンナノチューブの水分散液または水溶液の試料に、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の特定波長を有する光を照射する工程;および
b)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与える工程、
を包含する、試料中の所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、濃縮または精製する方法。 - 前記物性が、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、単層構造を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記光は、前記特定波長を有する単色光またはレーザー光である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属は、アルカリ金属;アルカリ土類金属;IIIA族〜VIIA族、VIII族および1Bの元素からなる群から選択される遷移元素;ならびに希土類元素からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程b)は、クロマトグラフィーによって行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記試料は、界面活性剤をさらに含む溶液である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、トリトンX、アルキルスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウム、ノニルフェノールエトキシレート、オクチルフェニルポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ラウリルポリオキシエチレンエーテルおよびセチルポリオキシエチレンエーテルからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブは、分子内にカルボキシル基またはアミノ基を置換基として有する飽和または不飽和炭素鎖分子で、共有結合、イオン結合、水素結合または分子間相互作用によって表面修飾されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属イオンの濃度は、0.001〜10%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電子ドナーの濃度は、0.001〜10%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電子ドナーは、アルコール類、アミン類、アルギニン、ベンズアルデヒド、ヒドラジン、カルボン酸類、アミノ酸、トルエン、アルキルベンゼン類、テルペン類、エーテル類、シラン類およびチオール類からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 以下の工程:
a)金属イオンおよび電子ドナーを含むカーボンナノチューブの水分散液または水溶液の試料に、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の特定波長を有する光を照射する工程;および
b)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与え、該所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブの集積物または濃縮物を生成する工程
を包含する、所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブの集積物または濃縮物を生成する方法。 - 以下の工程:
a)金属イオンおよび電子ドナーを含むカーボンナノチューブを含むと予想される水分散液または水溶液の試料に、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の特定波長を有する光を照射する工程;
b)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与える工程;および
c)該選択されたカーボンナノチューブを同定する方法、
を包含する、試料中の所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを分析する方法。 - 前記物性が、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- A)金属イオンおよび電子ドナーを含むカーボンナノチューブの水分散液または水溶液を含む試料の導入部;
B)該試料に該カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の特定波長を有する光を照射する手段;および
C)所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与える手段、
を備える、試料中の所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを分離、濃縮または精製する装置。 - 前記物性が、直径およびカイラルベクトルの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記手段B)は、カーボンナノチューブ上に金属を析出させるような、近赤外から紫外までの領域の多波長光源である、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記手段C)は、所望の物性を有するカーボンナノチューブを集積させるような所定の磁場を与える、磁力制御可能な電磁石である、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記手段C)は、クロマトグラフィーである、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記試料は、界面活性剤をさらに含む溶液である、請求項16に記載の装置。
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CA2556562A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1717200A4 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
WO2005077827A1 (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
KR100847068B1 (ko) | 2008-07-18 |
EP1717200A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
US20070258880A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
CN1922106A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
KR20060135809A (ko) | 2006-12-29 |
CN1922106B (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
CA2556562C (en) | 2011-12-06 |
JPWO2005077827A1 (ja) | 2007-10-18 |
US7785472B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
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