CA2566562A1 - System and process for producing a cleaner containing shell extract and low-suspended solids - Google Patents

System and process for producing a cleaner containing shell extract and low-suspended solids Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2566562A1
CA2566562A1 CA002566562A CA2566562A CA2566562A1 CA 2566562 A1 CA2566562 A1 CA 2566562A1 CA 002566562 A CA002566562 A CA 002566562A CA 2566562 A CA2566562 A CA 2566562A CA 2566562 A1 CA2566562 A1 CA 2566562A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
solution
filter
extraction column
suspended solids
column
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002566562A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Farrell Munroe
Roland Leblanc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCALLOP SHELL POLLUTION SOLUTION Ltd
Original Assignee
SCALLOP SHELL POLLUTION SOLUTION LTD.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SCALLOP SHELL POLLUTION SOLUTION LTD. filed Critical SCALLOP SHELL POLLUTION SOLUTION LTD.
Priority to CA002566562A priority Critical patent/CA2566562A1/en
Priority to EP07800529A priority patent/EP2102111A4/en
Priority to JP2009534965A priority patent/JP2010508142A/en
Priority to MX2009004690A priority patent/MX2009004690A/en
Priority to SE0950390A priority patent/SE0950390L/en
Priority to PCT/CA2007/001504 priority patent/WO2008052302A1/en
Priority to RU2009120523/05A priority patent/RU2009120523A/en
Priority to BRPI0718110-8A priority patent/BRPI0718110A2/en
Priority to CNA2007800487237A priority patent/CN101595063A/en
Priority to AU2007314097A priority patent/AU2007314097A1/en
Priority to JP2009534967A priority patent/JP2010508309A/en
Priority to PCT/CA2007/001932 priority patent/WO2008052326A1/en
Priority to AU2007314032A priority patent/AU2007314032A1/en
Priority to CA002667903A priority patent/CA2667903A1/en
Priority to CN200780048639A priority patent/CN101616679A/en
Priority to EP07816082A priority patent/EP2086557A1/en
Priority to SE0950392A priority patent/SE0950392L/en
Priority to RU2009120526/15A priority patent/RU2009120526A/en
Priority to BRPI0718098-5A priority patent/BRPI0718098A2/en
Priority to MX2009004692A priority patent/MX2009004692A/en
Publication of CA2566562A1 publication Critical patent/CA2566562A1/en
Priority to DK200970014A priority patent/DK200970014A/en
Priority to GB0909306A priority patent/GB2456976A/en
Priority to GB0909297A priority patent/GB2456475A/en
Priority to DK200900672A priority patent/DK200900672A/en
Priority to FI20095600A priority patent/FI20095600A/en
Priority to FI20095606A priority patent/FI20095606A/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
    • C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
    • A61K35/618—Molluscs, e.g. fresh-water molluscs, oysters, clams, squids, octopus, cuttlefish, snails or slugs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/965—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of inanimate origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/98—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/98—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
    • A61K8/987—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin of species other than mammals or birds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/18—Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/04—Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
    • B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
    • B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/384—Animal products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/40—Products in which the composition is not well defined
    • C11D7/46—Animal products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4881—Residues from shells, e.g. eggshells, mollusk shells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
    • C02F1/688—Devices in which the water progressively dissolves a solid compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/11—Turbidity

Abstract

A system and process for the production of a solution containing low suspended solids uses a column of shell extracts to pass a solvent at least one time through the column. A packing solid comprised of crushed mollusk shells of at least one size in diameter is utilized. The ultimate solution has effective applications as a cleaner and disinfectant and has also been found beneficial for the treatment of skin and other bodily diseases. Additionally, the shells can be pulverized and used as an active base in the preparation of an ointment useful for medical treatments.

Description

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A LOW-SUSPENDED SOLIDS SOLUTION
AND USES THEREFORE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a system and process for producing a low-suspended solids solution by filtering a solution through a column comprising crushed shells derived from mollusks. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and process for manufacturing a low-suspended solids solution having cleaning, disinfecting, and medical treatment properties. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an ointment useful for medical treatments in which the ointment comprises in part a composition of crushed shells.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Shells derived from mollusks are generated as industrial waste from fisheries around the world. It is common practice to dump the shell waste into the ocean. However, shells have been efficiently used as a source of calcium and for obtaining antibacterial agents as well as for purifying water. It has been shown that the powder obtained from shells of scallops, oysters, clams, and other mollusks or a solution containing the powder has antibacterial and antiviral properties, as well as use as a water purifying agent. It has also been found that the aforesaid powder has demonstrated useful properties when applied as a deodorant for sterilization as a preservative agent and for selected medicinal use.

Antibacterial properties of shell powder are well proven and tested, e.g., the treatment of dermathophytosis (U.S. Patent Application No. 2004/0028748), periodontal diseases (European Patent Application No. 1676583) or for relieving the irritation caused by atopic dermatitis lesions, psoriasis lesions, and for kidney dialysis (Japanese Patent Application No.
2004/256785). Shell powder can also be used in soaps which have been shown to treat tinea pedis (athlete's foot) caused by the breeding of a true fungus.

Japanese Patent Application No. 05-267807 (Ueda et al.) describes a method for purifying polluted water as well as the bottoms of rivers, lakes, seas and bays, by spreading a powder of shell fossils across the sea bed to purify the polluted water and the bottoms of rivers.

Japanese Patent Application No. 08-316935 (Suzuki et al.) describes a porous material, made of calcined shells, for purifying water. The material has been shown to effectively purify the water and may be applied effectively for large scale water purification.
Japanese Patent Application No. 11-328702 to Sasaya discloses a deodorant obtained by pulverizing the shells of scallops having a crystalline structure consisting of a calcite type structure of calcium carbonate.

U.S. Patent Nos. 6,365,193 and 6,488,978 to Sasaki et al. disclose that burned shells can be used as antibacterial agents and water purifying agents. Sasaki et al.
disclose heating a shell in an atmosphere of inactive gas and burning the shell. In particular, the antibacterial agent is obtained by burning a powder from the shell of a surf clam in an atmosphere of inactive gas. The powder can be easily dissolved into water, in particular warm water and used as an antibacterial solution.
The above uses of shells demonstrate the vast area of applications in which shell properties can be exploited. Further developments directed to new uses of shell material are desired and needed to manage and reduce the great quantity of shell waste produced every year.

Most of the above-identified applications require the use of a powder obtained from the shells of mollusks or heat treatment under high temperatures and special conditions, both of which consequently require expensive equipment and complex set-up procedures to practice. In addition, it has been found that when the powder is dissolved in water, the powder tends to lose its active properties over the course of time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple process for obtaining a low-suspended solids shell extract, containing mainly calcium, that is safe for the human body and environmentally friendly. The low-suspended shell extract inherits the antibacterial properties of the shells and as indicated heretofore may effectively be applied as a cleaner and disinfectant or for the treatment of skin diseases. The resultant solution can also be used as a fluid or in mixture with a suitable vehicle to provide a solid or mastic composition.

Moreover, the system and process of the present invention are simple and by being economically advantageous can be applied at a larger industrial scale for cleaning and purifying contaminated water.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for removing suspended solids from a solution, comprising repeatedly filtering the solution through a filter/extraction column housing crushed mollusk shell particles.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for removing suspended solids from a solution, comprising a filter/extraction column; a fluid inlet positioned on one end of the filter/extraction column; and a fluid outlet positioned on the other end thereof, wherein the filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for removing suspended solids from a solution. The apparatus may comprise a filter/extraction column; a fluid inlet positioned on one end of the filter/extraction column;
and a fluid outlet positioned on the other end thereof, wherein the filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles, effectively assembled for removal of said suspended solids.
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising two filter extraction columns arranged in tandem, wherein the first filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles and the second filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles pre-coated with iron oxide or hematite.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low-suspended solids solution produced by the process described above.

In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use for the low-suspended solids solution for treatment of skin diseases.

Another object of the present invention seeks to provide a cleaner composition comprising the low-suspended solids solution alone or a mix of the solution and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at a ratio of 0.4 % by weight. This weight factor may vary as may be determined by the man skilled in the art while maintaining cleaning effectiveness.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other features of the present invention will become more apparent from the appended drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the extraction column comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a housing member;
Fig. 2a is an exploded cross-sectional view of the upper half of the extraction column and illustrates the empty column set-up;
Fig. 2b is an exploded cross-sectional view of the upper half of the extraction column and illustrates the column filled with the packing member;

Fig. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the lower half of the extraction column and illustrates the empty column set-up;
Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the apparatus comprising two extraction columns in a tandem arrangement;
Fig. 5 illustrates the measured turbidity of the shell extract with exposure time; and Fig. 6 illustrates the increase of the amount of calcium determined in the shell extract with exposure time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description is directed to a preferred embodiment by way of example of only one of the potential uses of the present invention.
Fig. 1, illustrates a filter/extraction column (10) comprising an inlet (11), an outlet (13), two screens (14), and a housing member (12). The housing member (12) defines a passageway (12a) that can be filled with crushed mollusk shells.

Fig 2a, illustrates an exploded view of the upper half of the filter/extraction column (10), comprising a top coupling (16), a screw-in stopper (15) and an outlet (13) placed in the stopper (15).
A screen (14) may be placed at the top of the housing member (12) in order to contain the crushed mollusk shells in the filter/extraction column (10). The top coupling (16) is fitted with a coupling inside lip (17) in order to attach the screen (14) to the housing member. An interchangeable seal (18), such as silicon can be used to inhibit leaking of the column.
Fig. 2b, illustrates an exploded view of the lower half of the extraction column, comprising the bottom coupling (16), stopper (15) and an inlet (11) placed in the stopper (15). The bottom coupling can also be fitted with the coupling inside lip (17) in order to attach the screen (14) to the housing member (12) so as to contain the crushed mollusk shells into the filter/extraction column.
The inlet (11) is designed for connection to a plastic valve and a pump used to feed the column with the solvent. An interchangeable silicon seal (18) can be used to avoid leaking of the column.

Fig. 3, illustrates the filter/extraction column (10), comprising an inlet (11), an outlet (13), top and bottom identical screens (14), and a housing member (12). The housing member (12) contains crushed mollusk shell particles which may be of equal or different sizes. In one embodiment shown in Fig. 3 the housing member contains at the bottom thereof crushed shell particles of sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm in diameter (20) and crushed shell particles of sizes between 3 and 4 mm in diameter (21). However, the crushed mollusk shells can comprise size particles of about equal and/or of particles distributed along the passageway according to the filter/extraction needs in one or a plurality of zones. A zone is defined as containing crushed shell particles of approximately the same diameter. The packing of the column with crushed shell particles can follow a regular distribution according to a desired gradient or an irregular distribution. Heat treatment can be applied to shells prior to crushing at a temperature of approximately 300 C for a period of approximately 1.5 min.
Fig. 4, illustrates a cross-sectional view of the apparatus (1) according to the present invention and comprises at least two filter/extraction columns (2,3), in a tandem arrangement. In the two-column apparatus (1) the filter/extraction columns are arranged linearly so that the outlet (13) of the first column (2) is connected to the inlet (11) of the second column (3) by a connecting tube (23). The housing member (12) of the first column (2) can contain at the bottom thereof crushed shell particles of sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm in diameter (20), and crushed shell particles of sizes between 3 and 4 mm in diameter (21) thereafter. The housing member (12) of the second column (3) may contain crushed shell particles coated with iron oxide or hematite (24). It is believed that coating the crushed shell particles with iron oxide or hematite may substantially improve the water purifying properties of the filter/extraction columns by reducing the metal content in the water passed through the apparatus (1). Analysis of the water passed through the filter/extraction columns apparatus (1) showed nearly zero content of aluminum and arsenic in contaminated water.
In the practice of the present invention, shells are collected directly off the fishing boat and put in tote boxes. The shells are then cleaned by electric drills having a wire brush and throughly washed with water under high pressure to ensure effective cleaning. The cleaning and washing steps may be followed by a cooling step in which the shells are left on a wire rack for an amount of time necessary to cool the shells to the ambient temperature. In the next step the shells are crushed to particles of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm in diameter. Particles of about the same diameter or a mix of particles with different diameters may be used in the filter/extraction column according to the present invention.

The effectiveness of the cleaner will be determined by several factors including the pH of the solvent and the particle size of the crushed shells that form the packing member of the extraction column. By passing distilled water through the filter/extraction column (10) one can control, amongst other parameters, the turbidity, the calcium content, and the suspended solids of the extract.
The number of passes and the water flowrate determine the properties of the cleaner, including its cleaning effectiveness. The particle diameter of the crushed shells has been shown to be inversely proportionate to the effectiveness of the cleaner. For example, it is preferred that the particle diameter of the crushed shell be between 0.5 and 4 mm, more preferably between 0.5 and 2 mm to produce a low-suspended solids solution effective as a cleaner.

Fig. 5, illustrates the Turbidity vs. Exposure time as determined in Experiment 1 detailed below. It will be noted that the measured turbidity of the solution decreases as it is subject to exposure time to the filter/extraction column. The turbidity was measured after each pass of solvent through the extraction column. After an exposure time of 12 hours the measured turbidity of the shell extract was about 2.2 NTU. The above measurements of turbidity are correlated with the measurements of the amount of suspended solids in the shell extract after each pass. Accordingly, as is shown in Table 1 of Experiment 1 as time passes the amount of suspended solids decreases from 6 mg/L after the first pass of solvent through the filter/extraction column to about 0 mg/L after 12 hours.
Fig. 6 illustrates the amount of calcium measured after each pass of water through the extraction column versus the exposure time. The final shell extract contains approximately 121 times more calcium than the starting solvent. It is preferred that the calcium content of the shell extract is higher than 14 mg/L and more preferably is higher than 20 mg/L.
Other factors that can impact upon the effectiveness of the cleaner are the pH and the turbidity of the shell extract. In order to optimize cleaning results the pH of the shell extract should be between 8.0 and 9.7 and the turbidity should be less than 6 NTU.

Experiment 1 An extraction column (10) was constructed with a 6 inch diameter 4 feet long PVC pipe with two couplings closing each end as described in Figure 1. The top coupling had a 90 elbow screw-in with a 3/4 inch plastic tube connected thereto. The top coupling and the plastic tube connected to it represent the outlet (13) according to the present invention.

The bottom coupling as constructed had a straight adapter screwed in the coupling stopper and connected to a plastic tube representing the inlet (11) according to the present invention. A 12 V, 360 gallon/hour pump was connected to the inlet of the column and was used to pump distilled water through the column. The top and the bottom of the column were designed in the same way except that the bottom coupling had a 3/4 nipple with a 3/4 plastic tube connected to a plastic valve and the 12 V pump. Two screens (14) as shown in Fig. 1 were used to keep the crushed scallop shells inside the passageway (12a).

The composition of the crushed shells was comprised of a mixture of 0.5 and 1 mm diameter scallop shell particles. The mass of the smaller particles was approximately 10 kg and the column was filled to within two inches of the screen (14) of the upper coupling. The rest of the column was filled with larger diameter particles of 3 and 4 mm.

After the first pass of distilled water the shell extract had a high suspended solids concentration. The suspended solids concentrations were found to diminish with exposure time.
Table 1 shows the suspended solids concentration in the solution as measured by the Hach Company DR- 2400 Spectrometer. This method of determining suspended solids is a simple, direct measurement which does not require the filtration or ignition/weighing steps as do gravimetric procedures. While the USEPA specifies the gravimetric method for solids determinations, this method is often used for checking in-plant processes. Test results are measured at 810 nm. This method is documented in the Hach Water Analysis Handbook, method 8006 page 963.

The accuracy of the spectrometric method of measuring the suspended solids concentration was compared against the gravimetric method as described in the Hach Water Analysis Handbook, 7jB 'c ch 0~sE

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m J r M m method 8271 page 947. The mass of the aluminum dish was measured with a Scientech 120 analytical balance to the nearest 1 mg. A 100 ml sample from the solution was taken in situ and placed into the aluminum dish. The dish with sample was placed in a preheated oven and evaporated at 103-105 C for approximately six hours. The dish was then taken out of the oven and allowed to cool at room temperature in a desiccator. The dish with sample was then taken out of the desiccator and mass measurements were effected to the nearest 0.1 mg with the Scientech 120 analytical balance. This was the first mass measurement of the sample. The dish and sample were put into the preheated oven again for a period of one hour and mass measurements were effected until the results did not differ by more than 0.4 mg. A second measurement of the mass was done in the same manner as above. Table 2 below shows the suspended solids concentration in the solution as measured by the gravimetric method.

Total Solids Analysis Table 2 itial tray ls' dried d dried weight Weight diff otal Solids weight weight (g) g) ls' and 2 nd weight g/L
B (A) 0.4 mg Tray 1 8.1982 8.2109 8.2106 0.0003 0.124 Tray 2 8.2245 8.2395 8.2393 0.0002 0.147 ra 3 8.31 8.3253 8.3250 0.0003 0.15 ra 4 8.2486 8.2620 8.2620 0.0000 0.144 ra 5 8.2659 8.2805 8.2806 0.0001 0.147 Total Solids Calculations Equation: mg/L Total solids= ( A - B) X 1000 Sample volume ml Where:
A= Weight (mg) of sample + tray B = Weight (mg) of dish % Error of Results % of error =(Dh - Dl) x 100 =( 0.15 mg - 0.124ma) x 100 = 0.5 % error # of data points 5 Where:
Dh = Highest numerical data results obtained Dl = Lowest numerical data results obtained Experiment 2 Two extraction columns were constructed as indicated above in Experiment 1(see Fig. 4).
The two columns were arranged in tandem with the outlet of the first column directly connected to the inlet of the second column. A 12 V, 360 gallon/hour pump was connected to the inlet of the first column and was used to pump distilled water through the first and second column.

The packing member of the first column was made of a mix of smaller 0.5 and 1 mm in diameter scallop shell particles. The mass of the smaller particles was about 10 kg while the column should be filled two inches below the screen (14) of the upper coupling. The rest of the column was filled with larger diameter particles of 3 and 4 mm as described in Experiment 1.
The packing member of the second column was made of crushed scallop shell particles coated with iron oxide or hematite (Fe203). The coating of the crushed shell particles with iron oxide can be effected by any process known to a person skilled in the art. In the present invention the coating of the scallop shells is effected by soaking the shells in iron oxide or hematite for 4 hours, then baking the shells and solution for 4 hours at 200 C. The shells should then be washed with distilled water and dried in an oven at 200 C for three hours.

Contaminated water with a high content of aluminum and arsenic was passed through the apparatus comprising the two extraction columns arranged in tandem. It has been found in practice that the aluminum and arsenic content of the resulting aqueous solution was reduced to 0 mg/L.

Claims (18)

1. A process for removing suspended solids from a solution, comprising repeatedly filtering the solution through a filter/extraction column housing crushed mollusk shell particles.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the solution is water.
3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crushed mollusk shell particles are boiled at a temperature of about 100 °C for a period of about 15 min. prior to placement in the filter/extraction column.
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushed mollusk shell particles are baked at a temperature of about 300 °C for a period of about 1.5 min. prior to placement in the filter/extraction column.
5. A device for removing suspended solids from a solution, comprising a filter/extraction column; a fluid inlet positioned at one end of the filter/extraction column;
and a fluid outlet positioned at the other end of the filter/extraction column, wherein the filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising a screen detachably connected to the fluid inlet and outlet.
7. An apparatus for removing suspended solids from a solution, comprising a plurality of devices according to claim 5 or 6 connected in an operable arrangement effective for the removal of suspended solids from a solution.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, comprising two filter/extraction columns arranged in tandem wherein the first filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles and the second filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles pre-coated with iron oxide or hematite.
9. A solution made by the process of any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. The solution according to claim 9, wherein the concentration of calcium is greater than 14 mg/L.
11. The solution according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the concentration of calcium is greater than 20 mg/L.
12. The solution according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the pH of the solution is between 8.0 and 9.7.
13. The solution according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the turbidity of the solution is less than 6 NTU.
14. The solution according to any one of claims 9 to 13, further comprising NaOH in an amount consistent with the effectiveness of said solution.
15. The solution according to claim 14, wherein the ration of NaOH to the solution 0.4 %
by weight.
16. The solution according to any one of claims 9 to 13, further comprising a vehicle selected from the group consisting of eucerin and petroleum.
17. Use of the solution according to any one of claims 9 to 15 as a cleaner.
18. Use of the solution according to claim 16 for treatment of skin diseases.
CA002566562A 2006-10-31 2006-10-31 System and process for producing a cleaner containing shell extract and low-suspended solids Abandoned CA2566562A1 (en)

Priority Applications (26)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002566562A CA2566562A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2006-10-31 System and process for producing a cleaner containing shell extract and low-suspended solids
EP07800529A EP2102111A4 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 System and process for producing a low-suspended solids solution and uses therefore
JP2009534965A JP2010508142A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 Low floating solids solution production system and method, and use thereof
MX2009004690A MX2009004690A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 System and process for producing a low-suspended solids solution and uses therefore.
SE0950390A SE0950390L (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 System and process for manufacturing a solution with suspended solids and uses therefor
PCT/CA2007/001504 WO2008052302A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 System and process for producing a low-suspended solids solution and uses therefore
RU2009120523/05A RU2009120523A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SOLUTION WITH WEAKLY WEIGHTED SOLID PARTICLES AND ITS APPLICABLE APPLICATION
BRPI0718110-8A BRPI0718110A2 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A WEAKLY SUSPENDED SOLIDS SOLUTION AND USES FOR THEM
CNA2007800487237A CN101595063A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 Produce system and method for low suspended substance solution and uses thereof
AU2007314097A AU2007314097A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-08-24 System and process for producing a low-suspended solids solution and uses therefore
CA002667903A CA2667903A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions
MX2009004692A MX2009004692A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions.
AU2007314032A AU2007314032A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions
JP2009534967A JP2010508309A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin diseases
CN200780048639A CN101616679A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 The compositions that is used for the treatment of skin disorder
EP07816082A EP2086557A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions
SE0950392A SE0950392L (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions
RU2009120526/15A RU2009120526A (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 COMPOSITION FOR TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES
BRPI0718098-5A BRPI0718098A2 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 SKIN CONDITION COMPOSITION
PCT/CA2007/001932 WO2008052326A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2007-10-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions
DK200970014A DK200970014A (en) 2006-10-31 2009-05-29 Compositions for the treatment of skin disorders
GB0909306A GB2456976A (en) 2006-10-31 2009-05-29 System and process for producing a low suspended solids solution and uses therefore
GB0909297A GB2456475A (en) 2006-10-31 2009-05-29 Composition for the treatment of skin conditions
DK200900672A DK200900672A (en) 2006-10-31 2009-05-29 System and methods for generating a low-solids suspended solids solution and their applications.
FI20095600A FI20095600A (en) 2006-10-31 2009-05-29 Composition for the treatment of skin diseases
FI20095606A FI20095606A (en) 2006-10-31 2009-06-01 A system and method for producing a solution having a low suspended solids content and using such a solution

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GB2456475A (en) 2009-07-22
EP2102111A1 (en) 2009-09-23
RU2009120523A (en) 2010-12-10
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MX2009004690A (en) 2010-02-17
GB0909297D0 (en) 2009-07-15
CN101616679A (en) 2009-12-30
AU2007314032A1 (en) 2008-05-08
DK200970014A (en) 2009-05-29
SE0950390L (en) 2009-06-23
EP2086557A1 (en) 2009-08-12
CA2667903A1 (en) 2008-05-08
FI20095606A (en) 2009-06-01
JP2010508142A (en) 2010-03-18
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GB0909306D0 (en) 2009-07-15
AU2007314097A1 (en) 2008-05-08
BRPI0718098A2 (en) 2013-11-05
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CN101595063A (en) 2009-12-02

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