JP4247442B2 - ω−3高度不飽和脂肪酸を高濃度で含む微生物産物のヘテロトロピックな製造方法 - Google Patents
ω−3高度不飽和脂肪酸を高濃度で含む微生物産物のヘテロトロピックな製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4247442B2 JP4247442B2 JP2006042778A JP2006042778A JP4247442B2 JP 4247442 B2 JP4247442 B2 JP 4247442B2 JP 2006042778 A JP2006042778 A JP 2006042778A JP 2006042778 A JP2006042778 A JP 2006042778A JP 4247442 B2 JP4247442 B2 JP 4247442B2
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Description
この出願は、1989年11月17日に出願され、「ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を高濃度で含む微生物産物のヘテロトロピックな製造方法」との名称の、共に係属中のかつ共通の譲渡人の米国特許出願第07/439,093号の一部継続出願である。原出願は、その全体を本明細書中に参照として組み入れるものであり、また、先に明示的に放棄された1988年9月7日に出願され、「ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を高濃度で含む微生物産物のヘテロトロピックな製造方法」との名称の、米国特許出願第07/241,410号の一部継続出願である。
〔2〕 さらに、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸もしくはトロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目の微生物から選択され、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を効率よく生産し得る微生物の収穫後の加工の間に、BHT,BHA,TBHQ,エトキシキュイン、β-カロテン、ビタミンEおよびビタミンCからなる群より選択される化合物を、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸もしくはトロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目の微生物から選択され、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を効率よく生産し得る微生物に添加することを含む、〔1〕に記載の方法。
〔3〕 さらに、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目の微生物から選択され、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を効率よく生産し得る微生物から脂質を抽出することを含む、〔1〕に記載のω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸の製造方法。
〔4〕 上記の抽出において、
a) 微生物細胞を破砕して破砕細胞を得、
b) 破砕細胞から脂質混合物を溶媒抽出し、
c) 脂質混合物を加水分解し、さらに、
d) 上記脂質混合物中で非高度不飽和脂肪酸を冷却結晶化する
ステップを含む、〔3〕に記載の方法。
〔5〕 ATCC番号20888のシゾチトリウム、ATCC番号20889のシゾチトリウム、ATCC番号20890のトロウストチトリウム、ATCC番号20891のトロウストチトリウム、ATCC番号20892のトロウストチトリウムのいずれかから誘導される、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目に属する変異株たる微生物であって、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を産出し得るもので、広範な温度範囲、特に約15℃〜48℃の間で生育でき、広範な塩分レベル、特に例えば5〜40mmho/cmの間の電導率をもたらす塩分レベルのような低い塩分レベルで生育でき、そして、フィラメント状ではない微生物からなる群から選択される単細胞微生物。
〔6〕
a) (i) ATCC番号20888のシゾチトリウムから誘導される、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目に属する変異株たる微生物であって、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を産出し得るもので、広範な温度範囲、特に約15℃〜48℃の間で生育でき、広範な塩分レベル、特に例えば5〜40mmho/cmの間の電導率をもたらす塩分レベルのような低い塩分レベルで生育でき、そして、フィラメント状ではない微生物;
(ii) ATCC番号20889のシゾチトリウムから誘導される、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目に属する変異株たる微生物であって、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を産出し得るもので、広範な温度範囲、特に約15℃〜48℃の間で生育でき、広範な塩分レベル、特に例えば5〜40mmho/cmの間の電導率をもたらす塩分レベルのような低い塩分レベルで生育でき、そして、フィラメント状ではない微生物;
(iii) ATCC番号20890のトロウストチトリウムから誘導される、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目に属する変異株たる微生物であって、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を産出し得るもので、広範な温度範囲、特に約15℃〜48℃の間で生育でき、広範な塩分レベル、特に例えば5〜40mmho/cmの間の電導率をもたらす塩分レベルのような低い塩分レベルで生育でき、そして、フィラメント状ではない微生物;
(iv) ATCC番号20891のトロウストチトリウムから誘導される、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目に属する変異株たる微生物であって、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を産出し得るもので、広範な温度範囲、特に約15℃〜48℃の間で生育でき、広範な塩分レベル、特に例えば5〜40mmho/cmの間の電導率をもたらす塩分レベルのような低い塩分レベルで生育でき、そして、フィラメント状ではない微生物;
(v) ATCC番号20892のトロウストチトリウムから誘導される、トロウストチトリウム属およびシゾチトリウム属を除くトロウストチトリアレ目に属する変異株たる微生物であって、ω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸を産出し得るもので、広範な温度範囲、特に約15℃〜48℃の間で生育でき、広範な塩分レベル、特に例えば5〜40mmho/cmの間の電導率をもたらす塩分レベルのような低い塩分レベルで生育でき、そして、フィラメント状ではない微生物;
からなる群から選択される微生物、またはこれらから抽出された脂質と、
b) 食用物質と
を含む、食用製品。
本発明は、その大部分がω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸である脂肪酸を高濃度で有する微生物を含むω-3高度不飽和脂肪酸(HUFA)を高濃度で含有する食用製品に関する。さらに、あるいは、別に、この食用製品は微生物から抽出したω-3HUFAを含み得る。特に、その微生物はトロウストチトリアレつまりトロウストチトリウム又はシゾチトリウムである。微生物又は抽出したω-3HUFAは添加用の食品材料(食用物質)に加えられる。この食品材料は動物用食品や人間用食品のどちらでもよい。本発明の食用製品は微生物の細胞を破壊することにより、その中に含まれるω-3HUFAの生物学的利用性を増大させてもよい。食用製品はまた、押出し加工してもよい。ω-3HUFAの劣化を防止するために、食用製品は非酸化性条件下に包装してもよく、あるいはさらに抗酸化剤をふくんでいてもよい。
界: 褐色植物(クロモフィタ)
門: ヘテロコンタ
目: トロウストチトリアレ
族: トロウストチトリアセ(ヤブレツボカビ)
属: トロウストチトリウムまたはシゾチトリウム
より上位の分類である界及び門の中での分類学的な位置づけは不明確であるにもかかわらず、トロウストチトリドは、そのメンバーを依然として、トロウストチトリアレ目の中に分類可能な区別しうる特徴的なグループとして存在している。
浅い、内陸部の塩水池から150mlの水試料を収集し、滅菌したポリエチレン瓶に保存した。水試料とともに、いくらかの生きた植物材料と天然由来の破片(分解しつつある植物および動物分)が含まれるように特に努力した。実験室に戻るまで、試料を氷上においた。実験室で、水試料を15〜30秒振とうし、以下の2つのタイプのフィルターを有するフィルターユニットに、1〜10mlの試料をピペットでとり注入した。2つのフィルターは、 1)上部に、孔経約25μmで、直径47mmの滅菌したワットマン#4フィルター及び 2)ワットマンフィルターの下に、孔経約1.0μmで直径47mmのポリカーボネートフィルターである。フィルターの公称孔径をこのように少し変えることによって、ポリカーボネートフィルター上に集められた細胞の大きさが約1.0μm〜約25μmの範囲となる。
実施例1の方法で単離した株、トロウストチリウム sp.U42-2(ATCC番号20891)の細胞を固体F-培養基から取りだし、50mlの修飾FFM培養基(Fuller 他,1964)に接種した。この培養基は、海水 1000ml;グルコース 1.0g;ゼラチン加水分解物 1.0g;肝臓エキス 0.01g;酵母エキス 0.1g;PII金属類 5ml;1mlのB-ビタミン類溶液(Goldstein 他、1969);および1mlの抗生物質溶液(25g/lのストレプトマイシン硫酸塩とペニシリンG)を含む。1.0mlのビタミンミックス(pH7.2)は、チアミン塩酸塩 200μg;ビオチン 0.5μg;シアノコバラミン 0.05μg;ニコチン酸 100μg;パントテン酸カルシウム 100μg;リボフラビン 5.0μg;ピリドキシン塩酸塩 40.0μg;ピリドキサミン二塩酸塩 20.0μg;p-アミノ安息香酸 10μg;クロリン塩酸塩 500μg;イノシトール 1.0mg;チミン 0.8mg;オロチン酸 0.26mg;フォリニン酸 0.2μg、及び葉酸 2.5μg含む。この培養基 50mlの入った250mlの三角フラスコを27℃のオービタル振とう器(200rpm)上に2〜4日間置いた。この時点で培養物はその最高密度に達した。この培養物の1mlを、1リットル当り以下の処理剤の1つを余分に添加した修飾FFM培養基の入った新しいフラスコに移した: 1)1mlのB-ビタミンミックス; 2)1mlのA-ビタミン溶液; 3)5mlのPII金属類; 4)2mlの0.1MKH2PO2(〜28mg); 5)2、3、及び4の処理剤の組み合わせ;並びに 6)480mgのKH2PO4。培養物の1mlを、また、余分の添加剤を含まない修飾FFM培養基のフラスコに接種し、実験におけるコントロールとした。培養物を回転振とう器(200rpm)上、27℃で48時間インキュベートした。その後、細胞を遠心分離によって収穫し、脂肪酸をガスクロマタグラフィーで定量した。その結果を図1及び表1に示す。図1においては、収量をコントロールとの比としてプロットしてあり、従ってコントロールの相対的収量は1.0である。1〜6の処理は次の通り: 1)2×Bビタミン類の濃度; 2)2×Aビタミン類の濃度; 3)2×微量金属類の濃度; 4)2×(Bビタミン類+リン酸塩+微量金属類)の濃度; 5)2×リン塩酸の濃度;及び6)50ml当り24mgのリン酸塩(1リットル当り0.48g)。1リットル当り0.48gのKH2O4を添加する処理のみが、増殖の促進をもたらし、また有意に
増大した脂肪酸収量をもたらした。
シゾチトリウムアグレガタム(Schizuchytrium aggregatum)(ATCC番号28209)の細胞を固体F-1培養基から取り出して、50mlのFFM培養基に接種した。培養物を27℃の回転振とう器(200rpm)上に置いた。3〜4日後、この培養物の1mlをそれぞれ以下の処理剤 50mlに移した: 1)FFM培養基(コントロ-ルとして);及び 2)KH2PO4 250mg/l及び酵母エキス250mg/lを添加したFFM培養基。これらの培養物を27℃の回転振とう器(200rpm)上に48時間置いた。細胞を収穫し、細胞の収量を定量した。処理1において、灰分を除いた乾燥重量基準で、細胞の最終濃度は616mg/lであった。処理2では、細胞の最終濃度は1675mg/lであり、培養基中のPO4 及び酵母エキスの濃度の増大が促進効果を与えることを示している。
シゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)の細胞を固体F-1培養基から取りだし、50mlのM-5培養基にいれた。この培養基は、(1リットル当りに)、NaCl 25g;MgSO4・7H2O 5g;KCl 1g;CaCl2 200mg;グルコ-ス 5g;グルタメ-ト 5g;KH2PO4 1g;PII金属類 5ml;A-ビタミン溶液 1ml;及び抗生物質溶液1mlからなっている。溶液のpHを7.0に調整し、溶液をフィルタ-滅菌した。コーン浸漬液(4g/40ml;pH7.0)及び酵母エキス(1g/40ml;pH7.0)の滅菌溶液を調製した。M-5培養基フラスコ1セットに、次の量の酵母エキス溶液を加えた: 1)2ml; 2)1.5ml; 3)1ml; 4)0.5ml;及び 5)0.25ml。M-5培養基フラスコの他の1セットには、以下の量の酵母エキス及びコーン浸漬液を加えた: 1)2mlの酵母エキス; 2)1.5mlの酵母エキスと0.5mlのコーン浸漬液; 3)1.0mlの酵母エキスと1.0mlのコーン浸漬液; 4)0.5mlの酵母エキスと1.5mlのコーン浸漬液;及び 5)2mlのコーン浸漬液。F-1培養基中の培養物1mlを用いて各々のフラスコに接種した。それらを27℃の回転振とう器上に48時間置いた。細胞を遠心分離器によって収穫し、細胞の収量を(灰分を除いた乾燥重量として)定量した。結果を表2に示す。この結果は、培養器の0.8g/lまで酵母エキスを添加すると細胞収量が増加することを示している。しかしながら、コーン浸漬液の添加はさらに効果的であり、酵母エキスの添加処理での収量の2倍という結果が得られた。コーン浸漬液は酵母エキスに比べてより安価であるので、このことは、細胞の経済的な生産にとって極めて好都合である。
実施例1に記載された方法に従って選択された、151の新たに単離された株のバッテリーを指数増殖期の後期にサンプリングし、気液クロマトグラフィーにより、高度不飽和脂肪酸含量を定量的に分析した。すべての株は、細胞が最高の収量を与える、M1培養基あるいは液体FFM培養基のいずれかの中で増殖させた。さらに、五つの先に単離されていたトロウストチリウムまたはシゾチトリウム種を、American Type Culture Collection から得、この機関から生きた状態で得られるすべての株の代表とした。T.オウレウム(ATCC番号28210)、T.オウレウム(ATCC番号34304)、T.ロゼウム(ATCC番号28210)、T.ストライチューム(ATCC番号34473)と S.アグレガチューム(ATCC番号28209)。これらの株はすべて従来の培養基中で成長を示し、一般にM5培養基及びFFM培養基を含む本発明の培養基中でより向上した増殖を示す(実施例2)。既知の株のそれぞれの脂肪酸産生は、本発明の培養基中で株のより向上した成長に基づいて、上述のように、測定した。
シゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)、シゾチリウム sp.S8(ATCC番号20889)、トロウストチリウム sp.S42、トロウストチリウム sp.U42-2、トロウストチトリウム sp.S42とU30(すべて実施例1の方法で単離)及びトロウストチトリウム、オウレウム(ATCC番号28211)及びシゾチトリウム、アグレガタム(ATCC番号28209)(従来公知の株)を固体F-1培養基からとり、M-5培養基50mlに入れた。この培養基は(1リットル当りで)、酵母エキス 1g;NaCl 25g;MgSO4・7H2O5g;KCl 1g;CaCl2 200mg;グルコース 5g;グルタミン 5g;KH2PO4 1g;PII金属類 5ml;A-ビタミン溶液 1ml;抗生物質 1mlからなっていた。溶液のpHを7.0に調節し、溶液をろ過して滅菌した。オービタル振とう器(200rpm,27℃)上で3日間増殖した後、各々の培養物1〜2mlを他のフラスコのM-5培養基に移し、2日間振とう器上に置いた。次いで培養物(1〜2ml)をM-5培養基の入った他のフラスコの移し、振とう器上に1日置いた。この方法により、すべての培養物が増殖の指数期にあることを確実なものとした。これらの後期培養物を、次いで、各々の株についてM-5培養基のはいった2つの250mlフラスコに接種するのに用いた。その後、これらのフラスコを25℃と30℃で振とう器上に置き、それらの光学密度の変化をベックマンDB-G分光光度計(660nm,1cm光路長)でモニターした。光学密度の読取りは、0,6,10,14,17.25,20.25及び22.75の各時間に行った。次いで、指数増殖速度(倍化/日)を、Sorokin(1973)の方法によって、光学密度のデータから算出した。結果を表5に示し、また(25℃での株U30の増殖に対して正規化して)図5に示す。データから、実施例1の方法で単離した株は、従来公知のATCC株に比べて、持続的な増殖に必須の最適リン酸濃度においてすら、25℃及び30℃の両方で、はるかに大きい増殖速度を有していることが明かである。冷たい南極海の水から単離したトロウストチトリアレ目の株は、30℃では増殖しないことが判る。
シゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)、シゾチトリウム sp.S8(ATCC番号20889)(両方とも実施例1の方法で単離)、及びトロウストチトリウム オウレウム(ATCC番号28211)、シゾチトリウム アグレガタム(ATCC番号28209)(従来技術の株)の細胞を固体F-1培養基から取り、50mlのM-5培養基(実施例5参照)に入れた。容器のpHを7.0に調整し、溶液をろ過滅菌した。オ-ビタル振とう器(200rpm,27℃)上で3日間増殖させた後、各々の培養物の1〜2mlをM-5培養基の入った他のフラスコの移し、2日間振とう器上に置いた。次いで、これらの培養物それぞれの灰分を除いた乾燥重量を素早く測定し、3.29mgの各培養物を50mlのM-5培養基を含む2つの250ml三角フラスコにピペットで入れた。これらのフラスコを回転振とう器(200rpm,27℃)上に置いた。24時間後、各培 養物の20mlづつを遠心分離し、上清を捨て、グルタメート(窒素源)を含まない50mlのM-5培養基を含む250mlの三角フラスコに細胞を移した。フラスコを振とう器上に再び置き、さらに12時間経た後、サンプリングして、灰分を除いた乾燥重量を測定し、またLepage とRoy(1984)の方法により脂肪酸含量を定量した。結果を(従来公知の株、ATCC番号28211の収量を基に正規化して)図6に示す。この結果から、実施例1の方法で単離した株は、従来技術のATCC株よりも、指数増殖と窒素制限(脂質誘起のため)の組み合せの下、同じ時間の間に、灰分を除いた乾燥重量で2〜3倍多く産生することが認められる。さらに、本発明の株では、全脂肪酸及びω-3脂肪酸の収量が向上し、株S31(ATCC番号20888)では、従来技術のATCC株に比べてω-3脂肪酸を3〜4倍多く産生した。
シゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)とトロウストチトリウム sp.U42-2(ATCC番号20891)(両方とも実施例1の方法で単離し、スクリーニングした)、及びS.アグレガタム(ATCC番号28209)とT.オウレウム(ATCC番号28210)(American type Culture Collectionより入手)の4種のトロウストチトリウムの株を固体F-1培養基から取り、回転振とう器(200rpm)上、27℃で3〜4日間インキュベートした。ある範囲の異なった塩分濃度の培養基を、M培養基塩類(NaCl,25g/l;MgSO4・7H2O,5g/l;KCl,1g/l;CaCl2,200mg/l)を以下のように希釈して調整した。 1)100%(w/v M培養基塩類; 2)80%(v/v)M培養基塩類、20%(v/v)蒸留水; 3)60%(v/v)M培養基塩類、40%(v/v)蒸留水; 4)40%(v/v)M培養基塩類、60%(v/v)蒸留水; 5)20%(v/v)M培養基塩類、80%(v/v)蒸留水; 6)15%(v/v)M培養基塩類、85%(v/v)蒸留水; 7)10%(v/v)M培養基塩類、90%(v/v)蒸留水; 8)7%(v/v)M培養基塩類、93%(v/v)蒸留水; 9)3%(v/v)M培養基塩類、97%(v/v)蒸留水; 10)1.5%(v/v)M培養基塩類、98.5%(v/v)蒸留水)。以下の栄養物を処理物に加えた(1リットル当り):グルコース 5g;グルタメート5g;酵母エキス 1g;(NH4)2SO4 200mg;NaHCO3 200mg;KH2PO4 1g/l;PII金属類 5ml;A-ビタミン溶液 1ml;及び抗生物質溶液 2ml。これらの処理物のそれぞれ50mlにF-1培養基中で増殖している細胞1mlを接種した。これらの培養物をオ-ビタル振とう器(200rpm)上に置き、27℃で48時間維持した。細胞を遠心分離器によって収穫し、脂肪酸をガスクロマトグラフィーで定量した。結果を図7に示す。実施例1の方法で単離したトロウストチトリウム sp.U42-2(ATCC番号20891)は、T.オウレウム(ATCC番号28210)の産生した脂肪酸のほぼ2倍、またS.アグレガタム(ATCC番号28209)の産生した脂肪細胞酸量の8倍以上を産生することができる。さらに、U42-2は、試験した塩分範囲の上限において、より広い塩分許容量を有すると思われる。やはり実施例1の方法で単離したシゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)は、従来公知のATCC株に比べて、より多い脂肪酸収量(従来公知のATCC株の収量の2.5〜10倍)及び極めて広い範囲の塩分濃度許容性を示した。そのうえ、シゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)は極めて低い塩分濃度で最も良く成長する。この性質は、塩水の金属製反応器への腐食作用及び、塩水の廃棄に伴う問題の両方の理由で、工場的生産を考えた場合に重要な経済的な利点をもたらす。
250mlの三角フラスコ中のM/10-5培養基の50mlを、寒天傾斜培養物から取ったシゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)のコロニーで接種した。このM/10-5培養基は、脱イオン水 1000ml,NaCl 2.5g,MgSO4・7H2O 0.5g,KCl 0.1g,CaCl2 0.02g,KH2PO4 1.0g,酵母エキス 1.0g,グルコ-ス 5.0g,グルタミン酸 5.0g,NaHCO3 0.2g,PII微量金属類 5ml,ビタミンミックス 2ml,及び抗生物質ミックス 2mlを含有している。培養物は30℃で回転振とう器(200rpm)上でインキュベートした。2日後、培養物は、中程度の密度であり、活発に増殖していた。この活発に増殖している培養物の20mlを、グルコ-スとグルタメートの濃度を40g/リットル(M/10-40培養基)とした以外は同じ培養基1700mlを含む2リットルの発酵槽に接種するのに使用した。発酵槽は30℃に保ち、1vol/vol/minでエアレーションし、300rpmで撹拌した。48時間後、発酵槽中の細胞濃度は21.7g/lとなった。細胞を遠心分離して収穫し、冷凍し、窒素下に保存した。
250mlの三角フラスコ中のM5培養基50mlを、寒天傾斜培地から取ったシゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATTC番号20888)の1つのコロニーで接種した。M/5培養基は、脱イオン水 1000ml,NaCl 25.0g,MgSO4・7H2O 5.0g,KCl 1.0g,CaCl2 0.2g,KH2PO4 1.0g,酵母エキス 1.0g,グルコース 5.0g,グルタミン酸 5.0g,NaHCO3 0.2g,PII微量金属類 5ml,ビタミンミックス 2ml,及び抗生物質ミックス 2mlを含有する。培養物は30℃で回転振とう器(200rpm)上でインキュベートした。2日後、培養物は、中程度の密度となり、活発に増殖していた。この活発に増殖している培養物の20mlを、グルコ-スとグルタメートの濃度を40g/リットル(M/20培養基)に増加させたことを除いて同じ培養基1000mlを含む1リットルの発酵槽に接種するのに使用した。発酵槽は30℃でpH7.4に保ち、1vol/minでエアレーションし、また400rpmで撹拌した。48時間後、発酵槽中の細胞濃度は18.5g/lであった。発酵槽のエアレーション及び撹拌を止めた。2〜4分以内に、細胞は凝集し、発酵槽の底の250mlに沈澱する。この細胞の濃縮したゾーンは72g/lの細胞濃度を有していた。この細胞ゾーンを、発酵槽からサイフォンで取りだし、そして(1)窒素制限期間のあいだ他の反応器に移すか(例えば、幾つかの発酵槽の高度に濃縮された産生物を一緒にして)、あるいは(2)遠心分離またはろ過によって直接収穫することができる。このように細胞を予め濃縮することにより、60〜80%も少ない水を細胞の回収のために処理することになる。
250mlの三角フラスコ中のM5培養基50mlを寒天傾斜培養物から取ったシゾチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)またはトロウストチトリウム sp.U42-2(ATCC番号20891)の1つのコロニーで接種した。M5培養基は2mlのビタミンミックスと2mlの抗生物質ミックスを除いて実施例4に記載したものと同じである。培養物を回転振とう器上(200rpm)、30℃でインキュベートした。2日後、培養物は中程度の密度となり、活発に増殖していた。この培養物を、グルコースの代りに(5g/lで)次の1つのもの:デキストリン、ソルビトール、フルクトース、ラクトース、マルトース、スクロース、コーンスターチ、小麦デンプン、じゃがいもデンプン、粉砕コ-ン;あるいはグルタメートの代りに(5g/lで)次の1つのもの:ゲリゼート、ペプトン、トリプトン、カゼイン、コーン浸漬液、尿素、ナイトレート、アンモニウム、ホエーまたはコーングルテンミール、と置き換えたM5培養基の入ったフラスコに接種するのに用いた。培養物を回転振とう器(200rpm,27℃)上で48時間インキュベートした。種々の有機基質上での増殖を示す、相対的な培養物濃度を表7〜8に示す。
トロウストチトリウム sp.12B(ATCC番号20890)の細胞性バイオマスを、25℃でM-5培養基(実施例6参照)中、振とうフラスコ中で生産した。トロウストチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)の細胞性バイオマスは27℃でM-5/10培養基(実施例9参照)中、振とうフラスコの中で生産した。各々の株の細胞を遠心分離により収穫した。ペレットを一回蒸留水で洗浄し、ついで再遠心して50%固形分ペーストを製造した。得られたペーストを海水に再懸濁し、その後、餌補助物としておとなの塩水エビ飼育物に与えた。この塩水エビは、それまでは農産廃棄物製品で飼育したものであり、その結果そのω-3HUFA含量は極めて低く、全脂肪酸のほんの1.3〜2.3%であった(自然界で捕らえた塩水エビは、平均して全脂肪酸の6〜8%のω-3HUFAを有している)。この塩水エビ(2〜3/ml)を海水で満たした1リットルのビーカー中に入れ、エアレーションと飼育物を混合するためにエアーストーンを用いた。餌補助物を加えたのち、塩水エビのサンプルを周期的に収穫し、洗浄し、そしてその脂肪酸含量をガスクロマトグラフィーによって測定した。結果を図8〜図9に示す。トロウストチトリドベースの餌補助物を仕上げ餌として与えると、塩水エビのω-3含量を、株12Bを与えたときは5時間以内に、また株S31を与えたときは11時間以内に野性の塩水エビの含量と同じにまで増加することができる。塩水エビのω-3HUFA含量は、これらの餌補助物を24時間までに与えると、野性のものの含量をはるかに越えさせることができる。さらに、これらの餌補助物は、自然界で捕らえた塩水エビ中では通常微量レベルにすぎないと報告されているDHA含量を著しく増大させる。
トロウストチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)の細胞性バイオマスを27℃でM-5/10培養基(実施例9参照)中、10リットルの発酵槽中で生産した。トロウストチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)の細胞を遠心分離で収穫し、一旦蒸留水で洗浄し、再遠心分離して50%固形分ペーストを製造した。その後、この細胞ペーストを次の2つの方法の一つで処理した:1)冷凍すること;または 2)粉砕コーンと混合して70%固形分ペーストを製造し、次いで90〜120℃で押出し、風乾する。得られた乾燥生成物を次に粉砕し、ω-3HUFA含量を分析し、さらに産卵するめんどりに1日当り400mgのω-3HUFAとなるレベルで飼料に混合した(400mgのω-3HUFA/100gの飼料)。産まれた卵を約45日にわたってサンプリングレ、ガスクロマトグラフィーでω-3HUFAについて分析した。200〜425mg ω-3HUFA/卵の鶏卵がω-3補助物DE養わられためんどりによって産卵された(5000mg脂肪酸卵に正規化した濃度)。調理すると、これらの卵は全く魚臭を呈さなかった。コントロールのめんどりは約20mg ω-3HUFA/卵を含む卵を産卵した。コントロール群とω-3補助物を与えためんどりとによって産卵された卵の数に有意な差はなかった。餌補助物とコントロール食品とで得られた卵の黄味の色にも変りは全くなかった。
トロウストチトリウム sp.S31(ATCC番号20888)の細胞性バイオマスは10リットルの発酵槽中、27℃でM-5/10培養基(実施例9参照)中で生産した。この株の細胞を遠心分離によって収穫した。約5gの細胞ペーストを、0.5mmガラスビーズで1/2を満たしたビーズビータービーズミルの350mlのステンレススチール粉砕チャンバーに入れた。その容積の残りを試薬グレードのMeOHで満たし、細胞を2回、3分間均質化した。ビーズミル操作のあいだ、ステンレススチールチャンバーを付属の氷浴で冷却状態に保った。
本発明の方法に従って単離した以下の新規株を本明細書中で開示し、クレームした生物の例として、the American Type Culture Collection(ATCC)、メリーランド州ロックビルに寄託した。
株 ATCC番号 寄託日
シゾチトリウム S31 20888 8/8/88
シゾチトリウム S8 20889 8/8/88
シゾチトリウム 12B 20890 8/8/88
トロウストチトリウム U42-2 20891 8/8/88
シゾチトリウム 23B 20892 8/8/88
Claims (14)
- a)全ω-3脂肪酸の少なくとも94.0重量%をC22:6n-3(DHA)として含む脂質を有する、トロウストチトリアレ目の微生物を、発酵培養基中、窒素制限条件下で、培養する段階;
b)窒素制限期間のあいだに、前記トロウストチトリアレ目の微生物を回収し、該微生物から該脂質を抽出する段階
を含む脂質の製造方法。 - a)全ω-3脂肪酸の少なくとも94.0重量%をC22:6n-3(DHA)として含む脂質を有し;該脂質は全脂肪酸の少なくとも68重量%をω-3脂肪酸として有し;かつ該脂質のC16:0含有量は全脂肪酸の40.3%以下である脂質を有する、トロウストチトリアレ目の微生物を、発酵培養基中、窒素制限条件下で、培養する段階;
b)窒素制限期間中に、前記トロウストチトリアレ目の微生物を回収し、該微生物から脂質を抽出する段階
を含む脂質の製造方法。 - 微生物が、オービタル振とう器上のフラスコ中25℃のM-5培養基中の指数増殖期という条件で増殖させた場合に、1日あたりの倍化が少なくとも5.5回の指数増殖速度を有する、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 微生物が、オービタル振とう器上のフラスコ中30℃のM-5培養基中の指数増殖期という条件で増殖させた場合に、1日あたりの倍化が少なくとも6.0回の指数増殖速度を有する、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質の全脂肪酸の少なくとも49%がω-3脂肪酸である、請求項1または3記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質の全脂肪酸の少なくとも68%がω-3脂肪酸である、請求項1または3記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質の全脂肪酸の20%以下がω-6脂肪酸である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質が、全ω-3脂肪酸の少なくとも95.0重量%をC22:6n-3(DHA)として有するものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質が、全ω-3脂肪酸の少なくとも96.5重量%をC22:6n-3(DHA)として有するものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質が、全ω-3脂肪酸の少なくとも97.5重量%をC22:6n-3(DHA)として有するものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質が、全ω-3脂肪酸の少なくとも98.3重量%をC22:6n-3(DHA)として有するものである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質におけるEPAとDHAの比率が、1:1から1:30である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物から抽出された脂質におけるDPAとDHAの比率が、少なくとも1:12である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、トロウストチトリウム属またはシゾチトリウム属の微生物またはその混合物である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US43909389A | 1989-11-17 | 1989-11-17 | |
US07/580,778 US5130242A (en) | 1988-09-07 | 1990-09-11 | Process for the heterotrophic production of microbial products with high concentrations of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids |
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JP (6) | JP3669372B2 (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2072978C (ja) |
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CN117730810A (zh) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-03-22 | 广东海洋大学 | 橄榄油在提高东风螺幼虫变态率和/或存活率中的应用 |
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DE3368377D1 (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1987-01-29 | Nestle Sa | Lipid composition for oral, enteral or parenteral feeding |
US4792418A (en) * | 1985-08-14 | 1988-12-20 | Century Laboratories, Inc. | Method of extraction and purification of polyunsaturated fatty acids from natural sources |
US4918104A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1990-04-17 | Weiss Howard S | Method and composition for increasing the concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in poultry and poultry eggs and poultry and eggs resulting therefrom |
AU2122688A (en) * | 1987-07-20 | 1989-02-13 | Maricultura, Incorporated | Microorganism production of omega-3 (n-3) lipids |
US4874629A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1989-10-17 | Chang Stephen S | Purification of fish oil |
US5130242A (en) * | 1988-09-07 | 1992-07-14 | Phycotech, Inc. | Process for the heterotrophic production of microbial products with high concentrations of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids |
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- 1990-11-05 EP EP90916891A patent/EP0512997B1/en not_active Revoked
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JP2006129882A (ja) | 2006-05-25 |
HK1001922A1 (en) | 1998-07-17 |
GR3025200T3 (en) | 1998-02-27 |
EP0512997B1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
EP0512997A1 (en) | 1992-11-19 |
AU657259B2 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
JP2001149087A (ja) | 2001-06-05 |
JP2008109944A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
DE69031223D1 (de) | 1997-09-11 |
DK0512997T3 (da) | 1998-02-02 |
US5130242A (en) | 1992-07-14 |
JPH08509355A (ja) | 1996-10-08 |
JP2009089717A (ja) | 2009-04-30 |
AU6719590A (en) | 1991-06-13 |
CA2072978C (en) | 2006-10-24 |
ATE156520T1 (de) | 1997-08-15 |
CA2072978A1 (en) | 1991-05-18 |
JP2010136730A (ja) | 2010-06-24 |
WO1991007498A1 (en) | 1991-05-30 |
EP0512997A4 (en) | 1993-07-28 |
JP4418930B2 (ja) | 2010-02-24 |
DE69031223T2 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
JP3669372B2 (ja) | 2005-07-06 |
ES2106736T3 (es) | 1997-11-16 |
JP4187133B2 (ja) | 2008-11-26 |
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