JP4194504B2 - 画像形成装置及び磁性トナー - Google Patents
画像形成装置及び磁性トナー Download PDFInfo
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- JP4194504B2 JP4194504B2 JP2004030826A JP2004030826A JP4194504B2 JP 4194504 B2 JP4194504 B2 JP 4194504B2 JP 2004030826 A JP2004030826 A JP 2004030826A JP 2004030826 A JP2004030826 A JP 2004030826A JP 4194504 B2 JP4194504 B2 JP 4194504B2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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Description
該アモルファスシリコン感光体に対して、現像手段が2つ以上配置されており、
1つの現像手段が磁性トナーを有する磁性トナー現像手段であり、残りの現像手段が非磁性カラートナーを含有する現像剤を有するカラー現像剤現像手段であり、
該アモルファスシリコン感光体表面に当接し、感光体表面をクリーニングするクリーニング手段を有する画像形成装置であって、
該磁性トナーは、重量平均粒子径(D4)が4.0乃至10.0μmであり、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比D4/D1が1.0乃至2.0であり、
該磁性トナーの真密度をd(g/cm3)とし、磁性トナーm(g)中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない粗大トナーである磁性粒子の個数をnとした場合、磁性トナー単位体積中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない磁性粒子の個数N(=n/(m/d))が、下式
3.5<N<105
を満たすことを特徴とする画像形成装置に関する。
3.5<N<105
を満たし、好ましくは、下式
10.5<N<71.0
を満足する。
F<0.36
を満たすことが好ましく、実質的に含まないこと(F=0)がさらに好ましい。
F≧0.36
を満たす場合には、この磁性粒子が、特に高湿環境下などでカブリの原因となったり、現像スリーブと、現像スリーブ上のトナー層を規制するブレードとの間に挟まることにより画像上に白スジなどの欠陥が出たりしてしまう。測定は、上述の方法において、目開きを100μmとしたものを使用し、トナーを100g投入することにより行う。
円形度a=L0/L
〔式中、L0は粒子像と同じ投影面積を持つ円の周囲長を示し、Lは512×512の画像処理解像度(0.3μm×0.3μmの画素)で画像処理した時の粒子像の周囲長を示す。〕
から求め、そして、測定された全粒子の円形度の総和を全粒子数で除した値を平均円形度と定義する。
また、(C)で式示されるジオール類:
SiCl4+2H2+O2→SiO2+4HCl
200
300
380
TT600
MOX170
MOX80
COK84
Ca−O−SiL(CABOT Co.社) M−5
MS−7
MS−75
HS−5
EH−5
Wacker HDK N 20 V15
(WACKER−CHEMIE GMBH社) N20E
T30
T40
D−C Fine Silica(ダウコーニングCo.社)
Fransol(Fransil社)
[M1]a[M2]bOc
(式中、M1はSr,Mg,Zn,Co,Mn,Ca,Ba及びCeからなるグループから選択される金属元素を示し、M2はTi,Siの何れかの金属元素を示し、aは1〜9の整数を示し、bは1〜9の整数を示し、cは3〜9の整数を示す。)
(1)磁性トナーの製造
・ポリエステル樹脂 :100質量部
(プロピレンオキサイド変性ビスフェノールAとフマル酸の重縮合物、Tg=61℃、Mw=51000、Mn=3200)
・磁性酸化鉄 :90質量部
(組成:Fe3O4、形状:八面体、平均粒子径0.24μm、Hc=9.4kA/m、σs=82.6Am2/kg、σr=12.0Am2/kg)
・アゾ系金属錯体(保土ヶ谷化学社製;商品名T−77) :2質量部
・フィッシャートロプシュワックス :5質量部
(日本精鑞株式会社製;商品名FT−100、DSC最大吸熱ピーク温度98℃)
上記の処方の材料を、ヘンシェルミキサー(FM−75型、三井三池化工機(株)製)でよく混合した後、温度130℃に設定した2軸混練機(PCM−30型、池貝鉄工(株)製)にて混練した。得られた混練物を冷却し、ハンマーミルにて1mm以下に粗粉砕し、粗粉砕物A−1を得た。
・シアン現像剤の製造
スチレン単量体 165質量部
n−ブチルアクリレート単量体 35質量部
フタロシアニン顔料 14質量部
(C.I.Pigment Blue 15:3)
線状ポリエステル樹脂 10質量部
(ポリオキシプロピレン化ビスフェノールAとフタル酸との重縮合物、酸価8)
ジアルキルサリチル酸のアルミニウム化合物 2質量部
C22のアルキルカルボン酸とC22のアルキルアルコールとのエステルワックス
(DSCメインピーク値75℃、半値幅3℃) 30質量部
・マゼンタ現像剤の製造
シアントナーの製造において、着色剤をC.I.ピグメントレッド122に変更する以外は同様にして、マゼンタトナーを製造し、マゼンタ現像剤を調製した。
・イエロー現像剤の製造
シアントナーの製造において、着色剤をC.I.ピグメントイエロー17に変更する以外は同様にして、イエロートナーを製造し、イエロー現像剤を調製した。
図3に示す如き構造を有する装置を用いて画出し試験を行った。静電荷像担持体としては、10μm×10μmの範囲における平均傾斜△aの値が、0.40であるアモルファスシリコン感光体を搭載させ、感光体に対して4ステーション配置されている現像装置のうち、3ステーションを非磁性カラー現像剤を有する二成分現像装置、1ステーションを磁性トナーを有する磁性一成分(ジャンピング)現像装置とした。また、感光体クリーニングブレードとして厚み2.0mmのポリウレタンゴム製ブレード(JISA硬度70度)を15g/cmの線圧で当接させ、マグネットローラー(材質:プラスチックマグネット、磁束密度:750G)をクリーニングブレードの感光体回転方向上流側に設置した(マグネットローラー・感光体間:1.1mm、回転方向:感光体に対してカウンター方向)。
A:非常に良好(感光体上にトナー付着が発生しない)
B:良好(感光体上にわずかに付着の発生が見られるが、画像への影響はない)
C:普通(トナー粒子の付着の影響が画像にわずかに出るが、実用上問題なし)
D:悪い(トナー粒子の付着が多く、画像欠陥が目立つ)
また、クリーニング不良・感光体傷は耐久後の感光体表面の観察、及びベタ黒画像の白スジによって目視判断した。判定基準を以下に示す。
A:非常に良好(トナー粒子のすり抜け、感光体傷ともになし)
B:良好(わずかにすり抜けもしくは感光体の傷の発生が見られるが、画像への影響はない)
C:普通(すり抜けや傷の影響が画像にわずかに出るが、実用上問題なし)
D:悪い(すり抜けや傷の影響による縦スジなどの画像欠陥が目立つ)
画像濃度は、ベタ黒画像を用いて目視によりA〜Cの3段階で評価した。
カブリは、ベタ白画像を用いて目視によりA〜Cの3段階で評価した。
実施例1の磁性現像剤の製造例において、同様の手順により、粗粉砕物A−1を得たのち、ターボミルT−250型を用い、微粉砕した。微粉砕の際、実施例1に対して、粉砕フィード量を5%上げて、T−250の回転子の回転数を5%下げた。粉砕して得られた微粉砕品を、さらに実施例1と同様に気流式分級機で分級し、重量平均粒子径(D4)が8.3μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.917の磁性トナー粒子B−2を得た。
実施例1の磁性現像剤の製造例において、ターボミルT−250型で微粉砕する際、実施例1に対して、粉砕フィード量を5%下げて、T−250の回転子の回転数を5%上げた以外は同様にして、重量平均粒子径(D4)が5.3μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.930の磁性トナー粒子B−3を得た。
実施例3において、磁性トナー粒子B−3に対して、磁性粒子C−1を、5g中に含まれる磁性粒子が20個弱になるように、目開き34μmのメッシュによりカウントしながら少量ずつ添加混合した。この混合物100質量部に対して、実施例1で使用した疎水性シリカ微粉体を1.0質量部外添添加し、実施例1と同様にジャイロシフターに投入した以外は同様にして磁性トナー4を得た。表1に示すように、磁性トナー4の重量平均粒子径(D4)は5.3μm、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比、D4/D1が1.30であり、真密度dが1.74g/cm3であった。磁性トナー4について、実施例1と同様に評価した。物性を表1に、結果を表2に示す。
実施例2において、ターボミルT−250による微粉砕の際、実施例1に対して、粉砕フィード量を10%上げて、T−250の回転子の回転数を10%下げた以外は同様にして、重量平均粒子径(D4)が9.1μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.909の磁性トナー粒子B−4を得た。
実施例1において、フィッシャートロプシュワックスのかわりに、パラフィンワックス(日本精鑞株式会社;商品名HNP−5、融点62℃)を使用し、磁性酸化鉄を球状酸化鉄粒子(組成:Fe3O4、形状:球状、平均粒子径0.28μm、Hc=9.1kA/m、σs=81.3Am2/kg、σr=11.0Am2/kg)に変更した以外は同様に混合、混練、粗粉砕し、粗粉砕物A−2を得た。この粗粉砕物A−2をターボミルT−250型を用い、微粉砕した。
実施例1において、フィッシャートロプシュワックスのかわりに、ビスコール660P(三洋化成工業株式会社製;融点145℃)を用いた以外は同様に混合、混練、粗粉砕し、粗粉砕物A−3を得た。この粗粉砕物A−3をターボミルT−250型を用い、微粉砕した。
実施例1の磁性トナーの製造例において、フィッシャートロプシュワックスを使用しない以外は同様に混合、混練、粗粉砕し、粗粉砕物A−4を得た。この粗粉砕物A−4をジェットミル粉砕機(IDS2型、日本ニューマティック工業社製)を用い、微粉砕した。粉砕して得られた微粉砕品を、さらに実施例1と同様に気流式分級機で分級し、重量平均粒子径(D4)が5.6μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.903の磁性トナー粒子B−7を得た。
実施例1で得られた磁性トナー粒子B−1に対して、実施例8で得られた磁性粒子C−5を、5g中に含まれる磁性粒子が50個前後になるように、目開き34μmのメッシュによりカウントしながら少量ずつ添加混合した。実施例1と同様に疎水性シリカ微粉体とチタン酸ストロンチウムを外添添加し、ジャイロシフターに投入して磁性トナー9とした。表1に示すように、磁性トナー9の重量平均粒子径(D4)は7.2μm、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比、D4/D1が1.78であり、真密度dが1.78g/cm3であった。磁性トナー9について、実施例1と同様に評価した。物性を表1に、結果を表2に示す。
実施例8において、気流式分級機の粗粉体カット側の風量を20%下げた以外は同様にして、重量平均粒子径(D4)が9.8μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.899の磁性トナー粒子B−8を得た。得られた磁性トナー粒子B−8に対して、実施例8で得られた磁性粒子C−5を、5g中に含まれる磁性粒子が20個弱になるように、目開き34μmのメッシュによりカウントしながら少量ずつ添加混合した。その後、実施例1と同様に、疎水性シリカ微粉体とチタン酸ストロンチウムを外添添加し、ジャイロシフターに投入して磁性トナー10とした。表1に示すように、磁性トナー10の重量平均粒子径(D4)は9.8μmであり、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比、D4/D1が2.2と粒度分布がブロードになった。また、真密度dが1.79g/cm3であった。磁性トナー10について、実施例1と同様に評価した。物性を表1に、結果を表2に示す。
実施例5において、気流式分級機の粗粉体カット側の風量を20%下げた以外は同様にして、重量平均粒子径(D4)が10.5μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.910の磁性トナー粒子B−9を得た。
実施例1の磁性現像剤トナーの製造例において、同様の手順により、粗粉砕物A−1を得たのち、この粗粉砕物A−1をジェットミル粉砕機IDS2型(日本ニューマティック工業社製)を用い、微粉砕した。粉砕して得られた微粉砕品を、さらに実施例1と同様に気流式分級機で分級し、分級で得られた微粉体と中粉体を質量比1:1で混合して、重量平均粒子径(D4)が3.8μmであり、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.905の磁性トナー粒子B−10を得た。
磁性粒子が過剰に含有された場合の影響を調べるために、実施例8の磁性トナーの製造例において、磁性トナー粒子B−7に対して、磁性粒子C−5を、5g中に含まれる磁性粒子が300個以上になるように、目開き34μmのメッシュによりカウントしながら少量ずつ添加混合した以外は同様にして磁性トナー13を得た。表1に示すように、磁性トナー13の重量平均粒子径(D4)は6.0μm、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比、D4/D1が1.88であり、真密度dが1.79g/cm3であった。磁性トナー13について、実施例1と同様に評価した。物性を表1に、結果を表2に示す。
実施例1の磁性トナーの製造例において、同様の手順により、粗粉砕物A−1を得たのち、この粗粉砕物A−1をジェットミル粉砕機IDS2型(日本ニューマティック工業社製)を用い、微粉砕した。粉砕して得られた微粉砕品を、気流式分級機の微粉体側の風量と、粗粉体カット側の風量を共に20%上げた以外は実施例1と同様に分級した。分級で得られた中粉体をさらに、気流式分級機で実施例1と同様に分級し、得られた分級品を、ハイボルターNR−300を用いて、3μm以上の粒子における平均円形度が0.905の磁性トナー粒子B−11を得た。このとき篩分機には、目開き35μmのメッシュを使用した。実施例1で用いた疎水性シリカ微粉体1.0質量部をヘンシェルミキサーにて外添添加し、実施例1と同様にジャイロシフターに投入して磁性トナー14とした。磁性トナー14の重量平均粒子径(D4)は、6.4μmであった。真密度dが1.73g/cm3であった。また、この磁性トナー14は、D4/D1の値が、1.12とシャープな粒度分布を有していたが、収率を計算したところ45%となり、生産上好ましくなかった。物性を表1に、結果を表2に示す。
2 治具下部
3 メッシュ
4 サンプルトナー吸引口
5 吸引ホース
Claims (9)
- 少なくともアモルファスシリコン感光体を有し、
該アモルファスシリコン感光体に対して、現像手段が2つ以上配置されており、
1つの現像手段が磁性トナーを有する磁性トナー現像手段であり、残りの現像手段が非磁性カラートナーを含有する現像剤を有するカラー現像剤現像手段であり、
該アモルファスシリコン感光体表面に当接し、感光体表面をクリーニングするクリーニング手段を有する画像形成装置であって、
該磁性トナーは、重量平均粒子径(D4)が4.0乃至10.0μmであり、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比D4/D1が1.0乃至2.0であり、
該磁性トナーの真密度をd(g/cm3)とし、磁性トナーm(g)中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない粗大トナーである磁性粒子の個数をnとした場合、磁性トナー単位体積中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない磁性粒子の個数N(=n/(m/d))が、下式
3.5<N<105
を満たすことを特徴とする画像形成装置。 - 磁性トナー単位体積中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない磁性粒子の個数Nが下式を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の画像形成装置。
10.5<N<71.0 - 該磁性トナーの真密度d(g/cm3)と、m(g)中に含まれる目開き100μmのメッシュを通過しない粗大トナーである磁性粒子の個数fとした場合、磁性トナー単位体積中に含まれる目開き100μmのメッシュを通過しない磁性粒子の個数F(=f/(m/d))が、下式を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。
F<0.36 - 該磁性トナーが、示差走査型熱量計(DSC)で測定される昇温時の吸熱ピーク温度が65乃至130℃の範囲内にある離型剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 前記目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない磁性粒子の平均円形度が、前記目開き34μmのメッシュを通過する磁性粒子の平均円形度より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 前記目開き34μmのメッシュを通過する磁性粒子の平均円形度が、前記非磁性カラートナーの平均円形度より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 該磁性トナーがさらに下記式で示される無機微粉体を少なくとも含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。
[M1]a[M2]bOc
(式中、M1はSr,Mg,Zn,Co,Mn,Ca,Ba及びCeからなるグループから選択される金属元素を示し、M2はTi,Siの何れかの金属元素を示し、aは1〜9の整数を示し、bは1〜9の整数を示し、cは3〜9の整数を示す。) - 該磁性トナーに含有される磁性体が、八面体形状を有する酸化鉄粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。
- 少なくともアモルファスシリコン感光体を有し、
該アモルファスシリコン感光体に対して、現像手段が2つ以上配置されており、
1つの現像手段が磁性トナーを有する磁性トナー現像手段であり、残りの現像手段が非磁性カラートナーを含有する現像剤を有するカラー現像剤現像手段であり、
該アモルファスシリコン感光体表面に当接し、感光体表面をクリーニングするクリーニング手段を有する画像形成装置に用いられる磁性トナーであって、
該磁性トナーは、重量平均粒子径(D4)が4.0乃至10.0μmであり、個数平均粒子径(D1)との比D4/D1が1.0乃至2.0であり、
該磁性トナーの真密度をd(g/cm3)とし、磁性トナーm(g)中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない磁性粒子の個数をnとした場合、磁性トナー単位体積中に含まれる目開き34μmのメッシュを通過しない粗大トナーである磁性粒子の個数N(=n/(m/d))が、下式
3.5<N<105
を満たすことを特徴とする磁性トナー。
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JP2004030826A JP4194504B2 (ja) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-02-06 | 画像形成装置及び磁性トナー |
US10/832,445 US7123862B2 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-04-27 | Image forming apparatus |
DE602004025529T DE602004025529D1 (de) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-04-29 | Bildaufzeichnungsapparat und Verwendung einesToners |
EP04010218A EP1473601B1 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2004-04-29 | Image forming apparatus and use of a toner |
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