JP4160901B2 - マイクロエレクトロニクス用自己拘束型非焼結低温ガラスセラミックテープ及びその製法ならびに用途 - Google Patents
マイクロエレクトロニクス用自己拘束型非焼結低温ガラスセラミックテープ及びその製法ならびに用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4160901B2 JP4160901B2 JP2003532422A JP2003532422A JP4160901B2 JP 4160901 B2 JP4160901 B2 JP 4160901B2 JP 2003532422 A JP2003532422 A JP 2003532422A JP 2003532422 A JP2003532422 A JP 2003532422A JP 4160901 B2 JP4160901 B2 JP 4160901B2
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
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- B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
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- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
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Description
この方法は、
(a) 第1セラミックと、第1ガラスと、第1有機バインダと第1溶媒との粒子からなる第1スラリーを形成し、
(b) 耐火セラミックと、第2有機バインダと、第2溶媒との粒子並びにメタ珪酸リチウムからなる第1ガラス用の湿潤剤で構成してなる第2スラリーを形成し、
(c) 第1スラリーと第2スラリーとの一方からなる第1層をスロット型を介してキャリアに積層し、
(d) 第1スラリーと第2スラリーとの他方からなる第2層を、上記の一方のスラリーが、まだキャリア上で湿った状態にあるが、上記の第1層と第2層とが実質的に分離している間に、スロット型を介してその一方のスラリーに積層し、
(e) 積層したスラリーを乾燥して、溶媒を実質的に取り除くが、バインダは取り除かないことからなる。
図1Aは、凹所と頂部のプリントされた金属製導電体と配管孔とを特色とする代表的な単一モジュールの略斜視図をしめし、図1Bは、図1Aの幾つかの多層のマイクロエレクトロニクス・モジュールを組み込んだパネルの略平面図を示す。
図2は、本発明に係る3層テープの概略横断面図を示し、図3は、本発明に係る3層テープの厚さ率に対する収縮制御の相互関連のグラフを示している。
図4A、図4B、図4C、及び図4Dは、本発明に係る自己拘束型多構成部品構造体の略横断面図を示し、図5は、本発明に係る湿式(wet on wet)セラミック同時積層方法の概略図を示している。
低温共焼成用の単一グリーンテープは“自己拘束型”と称する。その理由は、以下に更に詳細に説明するように、実質的に、焼成中は、x-y方向にテープの収縮は起こらず、よって、本目的を達成するため外側からの拘束が必要でない。このテープは2層以上からなる。第1層は、第1セラミックと、第1ガラスと、第1有機バインダの粒子を含む低温セラミック層である。低温セラミック層を構成するセラミックとガラスとは共に、低温セラミック層の“無機組成物”と称され、その組成はグリーンテープの最終用途によって決定される。第1層の無機組成は当業者には既知の従来のLTCCのものや、特定の用途に変形されたLTCCテープの組成あるいは新規の組成でもよい。よって、第1層は“低温セラミック”あるいは“LTCC”層と称する。
上記の低温セラミック層に用いられる特定のガラスはグリーンテープの所望の用途に基づいて選択される。ガラスは、単体酸化物からなる非晶物であり、その単体酸化物の性質が、Tg(ガラスの遷移温度)、粘度、多孔性、透明性、比誘電率および熱膨張係数(TCE)等のガラスの物理特性を決定する。そのようなガラスの物理特性は所望の特定の用途により制御される。例えば、ガラスは、焼成中適切な熱処理で失透して、その構造が結晶状になる。ガラスは、また、焼成温度でテープ中の耐火構成要素と反応するよう処理でき、こうして高周波では低誘電性損失等の特性を備えた異なる結晶相を生じさせる。その他の用途として、コンデンサ用に高い誘電率を与えるよう処理できる。本発明で用いられるガラスの最も重要な物理特性は、その粘度と湿潤角度であり、これらは、当業者により幾つかの無機酸化物の組み合わせ物と混合して変化させることができる。ケイ酸塩ガラス(これに限定するものではないが)のようなこの分野で既知のどの種類のガラスでもLTCC層中に用いることができ、より好ましくは、ホウケイ酸鉛、ホウ珪酸カルシウム等のホウ珪酸ガラス、あるいはホウ珪酸リチウムガラスである。
LTCC層での第2無機材料は、セラミックであり、このセラミックはガラスより高い融点温度を有し、ガラスの補完剤として使用される。セラミックの幾つかはガラスと反応させるためのものである一方、セラミックは、また、充填剤としての役割をなす。セラミックは、また、強度、TCE(熱膨張係数)、あるいは熱周波数係数(Tf)、即ち温度変化に対する周波数応答のシフト等の、グリーンテープの全体的特性に影響を与える特別な目的を有する。セラミックは、例えば、アルミナ、チタニアあるいはシリカのようなものでよいが、当業界で既知の多くのセラミックが低温セラミック層に含めるのに適切である。
好ましい実施例では、LTCC層の無機組成物は更に核形成剤を含む。核形成剤は、通常、LTCC層の無機組成に組み入れられ、焼成すると、ガラス構造体の一体部分となる貴金属あるいは遷移金属の酸化物である。核形成剤は、焼成工程中ガラスが失透して所望の結晶相を形成するのを早め、その所望の結晶相の体積密度を増加させ、あるいはより多くて、より小さい結晶粒子を形成させて結晶構造の粒子サイズを制御するのに用いられる。好ましい核形成剤はチタニアで、これは、LTCC層と自己拘束層との間の多孔度を減少させるのに効果的な量そのLTCC層に含められる。その他の核形成剤、例えば、ジルコニア、灰晶石、モリブデン酸化物、タングステン酸化物、マグネシウム・コバルト尖晶石、あるいはそれらの組み合わせ物も、また、低温セラミック層に含められる。どの核形成剤を選択するかはLTCC層に存在するガラスとセラミックとの特定の種類次第である。
低温セラミック層の最終構成要素は、有機バインダで、この中にガラスとセラミックの粒子が縣濁される。この有機バインダは、高分子樹脂と、可塑剤および/または分散剤からなる。有機バインダの構成要素は、約100から約500℃の温度で分解するか燃焼し尽すか蒸発する。この有機バインダは、例えば、米国特許第4,769,294号、同第5,387,474号および同第4,536,535号に記載されているような工業標準のLTCC化学形態に基づくか、グリーンテープの特定の無機組成および所望の用途に基づいて改良してもよい。有機バインダの各構成要素は、通常グリーン・ハンドリングとして知られている、テープの特定の特徴に影響を及ぼす。これらの特徴には、キャリア・フィルムの剥離、結合率、脆性、強固さ等のパラメータを含む。これらバインダの構成要素の選択と調節は当業者の技術範囲内である。
耐火セラミックは、低温セラミック層の焼成温度、例えば、約750から約900℃では焼結しない。本質的には、どの高融点材料でも適切であり、これには、軟化点が約1000℃以上、より好ましくは、1500℃以上である結晶性あるいは非晶性の高融点ガラスあるいは高温ガラス材料が含まれる。特に、耐火セラミック材料は、絶対(Kelvin)焼成温度の約1.3倍以上の融点を有するのが好ましい。例えば、自己拘束層に用いられる、好ましい耐火セラミックは、無機酸化物、金属珪酸塩、金属炭化物、金属臭化物、金属窒化物、鉱物および塩である。耐火セラミックの例にはMgxOy(マグネシア)、BexOy(ベリリア)、AlxNy(窒化アルミニウム)、BxNy(窒化ホウ素)、BaO・Al2O3・2SiO(セルシアン)、CaO・Al2O3・2SiO2(灰長石)、2MgO・SiO2(クドカンラン石)、ホウ化カルシウム、チタン化バリウム、あるいはCaO・SiO2(珪灰石)を含む。これらの化学式では、xとyとは特定の元素の相対的割合を示す。ペロブスカイトもまた本発明の耐火セラミックとして用いられる。“ペロブスカイト”の言葉は、当業者には、CaTiO3、BaTiO3、SrTiO3のような化学式ABO3とLaAlO3とを有する無機酸化物のファミリーを記載するものと当業者には理解される。最も好ましい耐火セラミックは、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、シリカ、灰長石、ムライトおよびこれらの誘導体のような無機酸化物である。
グリーンテープの自己拘束層の無機組成物の第2構成要素は、LTCC層のガラス用の湿潤剤である。湿潤剤があると、グリーンテープを焼成する際、LTCC層から他方の微小多孔性自己拘束層へのガラスの流れを促進してセラミックのマトリックスを形成する。例えば、シリカや、酸化リチウム、酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリウム、酸化セシウム等のアルカリ金属酸化物および珪酸塩(アルカリ金属およびアルカリ土類金属の両方)が、本発明の好ましい湿潤剤であり、メタ珪酸リチウム(Li2SiO3)が最も好ましい。然し、特定のグリーンテープ用の特定の湿潤剤は、第1層に用いられる特定のガラスに基づいて選択され、当業者が知っているどのガラス用の湿潤剤でもよい。特に、湿潤剤は、LTCC構造体を焼成するのに用いられる温度、例えば、約850℃から約900℃の温度では第1ガラスによって溶解されないのが好ましい。湿潤剤がなければ、ガラスは十分に自己拘束層に浸透していかない。
自己拘束グリーンテープに加えて、高密度、一体的で、低温で共焼成され、自己拘束された複数構成要素の構造体も本発明により提供されている。この構造体は2枚以上の多層セラミック基板を積み上げてなり、各基板には1つ以上の電子回路構成要素がその上あるいはその中に取り付けられている。これらの構成要素は、前に述べたように、例えば、抵抗体、コンデンサ、可変抵抗器、誘電体、金属性導電パターンあるいは強磁性体ないし鉄偏析要素を有するあるいは有しない誘導体あるいは変成器のような誘導性構造体である。各多層のセラミック基板は、第1セラミックと第1ガラスの焼成された粒子を含む少なくとも一つの低温セラミック層と、耐火セラミックおよび上記の第1ガラス用の湿潤剤の粒子を含む自己拘束層とからなる。多構成要素構造体に用いられるセラミック、ガラス、耐火セラミックおよび湿潤剤は前に述べている。好ましい実施例では、第1の低温セラミック層のセラミックと、自己拘束層の耐火セラミックとは同じ組成である。更に好ましいのは、第1低温セラミック層が更に核形成剤を含むことである。核形成剤の例は、前にも述べたように、チタニア、ジルコニア、灰長石、モリブデン酸化物、タングステン酸化物、マグネシウム・コバルト尖晶石である。これらはLTCC層と自己拘束層との間の多孔度を小さくするのに効果的な量で入れられている。
本発明は、従来の製造方法で前に述べた問題を解決する、一体の多層グリーンテープを製造する方法を提供する。このようなテープは多層マイクロエレクトロニック回路モジュールの構成に用いられる。この方法は、第1セラミック、第1ガラス、第1有機バインダおよび第1溶媒との粒子からなる第1スラリーと、耐火セラミック、第2有機バインダおよび第2溶媒との粒子からなる第2スラリーとを形成することからなる。セラミック、ガラス、有機バインダ、耐火セラミックは前に述べたものである。第1および第2スラリーの有機バインダは、同じでも異なっていてもよく、各スラリーの特定の構成要素に基づいて選択される。然し、第1スラリーの有機バインダと第2スラリーの有機バインダは同じ組成なのが好ましい。溶媒は、バインダ樹脂を溶解できる当業界で知られているいずれの高速蒸発(高蒸気圧)溶媒でもよく、メタノール、エタノール、ブタノールのようなアルコール、メチル・イソブチル・ケトンあるいはメチル・エチル・ケトンのようなケトンを含むもの。あるいは、その他の溶媒で、これらに限定されるものではないが、例えば、シクロヘキサノン・トルエン・エーテルあるいはグリコール・エーテル、グリコール・エーテルの酢酸塩、あるいはこれらの溶媒の混合物で、その構成溶媒の相対的割合は蒸発率を制御あるいは緩和するように調節される。
上下(外側)の低温セラミック層と中間の自己拘束層とを含む3層のテープを以下のようにして作製した。外側層を作製するため、336.65ポンドのスラリーを表1に示されている最初から8番目までの構成成分を水冷式メディヤ・ミルで組み合わせて作製する。このミルは(Premier Mills社から市販されていて)混合を補助する媒体として回転軸上のアルミナ板とジルコニア・ペレットとを含む。生じた混合物を9.9時間粉砕した。次いで、最後の2つの構成要素を3分の1づつ混合物に加え、新たに加えた材料が上面には見えなくなるまで加える毎に混合した。完全に加えた後、もう2時間混合を続けて3620cpsの粘度の均一なスラリーを得た。この粘度は20rpmで回転する5番スピンドルを備えたBrookfield Viscometerを用いて判定した。そしてこのスラリーを均一に分けて、ポンプで2つの別のタンクに入れた。
異なる構成成分を有する低温セラミックテープの拘束能力を調査するため、5つの3層テープを用意した。その3層テープでは、上下層は、表3に示されている組成物を有する市販のLTCCテープであった。各テープでは、ガラス/セラミック構成物は表3に示されている種々のガラス、充填剤、核形成剤を含んでいた。各LTCCテープの物理特性は表5に示されている。
本発明の収縮しないテープは、2方向、xとyにおける内側の収縮を阻止するために特に設計されている物質構造体を有する。
しないので、層間剥離が起こらず、犠牲的物質を取り除くことも無く、共焼成された導電体との間隙が制御できると共にこれと両立でき、本発明のグリーンテープを厚く積み上げることができ、物質を埋め込んだ場合表面付着がよくなる。よって、本発明は、多くの長所を備えるが、既知の方法および物質の欠点を有しない物と方法を提供する。
Claims (38)
- x−y平面とz方向の厚さを備えた、低温セラミック共焼成に用いられる一体構造(モノリシック)のグリーンテープであって、
第1セラミックと、第1ガラスと、第1有機バインダとの粒子を含む少なくとも一つの低温セラミック層と、
耐火セラミックと、上記の第1ガラス用の湿潤剤と第2有機バインダとの粒子を含む少なくとも一つの自己拘束層とからなるものにおいて、
耐火セラミックは低温セラミック層の焼成温度では焼結せず、低温セラミックの焼成温度でグリーンテープを焼成すると、上記の層はz方向には過密化するが、x−y平面での収縮は、外側から拘束しなくても約1%未満であり、第1ガラスの湿潤剤がメタ珪酸リチウムであるもの。 - 請求項1に記載のテープであって、2つの低温セラミック層の間に1つの自己拘束層が挟まれてなるもの。
- 請求項2に記載のテープであって、2つの低温セラミック層がほぼ同じ組成であるもの。
- 請求項2に記載のテープであって、少なくとも一つの自己拘束層が約20μm以上の厚さを有するもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、更に、グリーンテープの少なくとも一つの外側平面に付着された1つ以上の電子回路構成要素を含むもの。
- 請求項5に記載のテープであって、上記の少なくとも1つの構成要素が、抵抗体、コンデンサ、可変抵抗器、誘導体、誘電構造体および金属製導電パターンからなるグループから選ばれているもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、耐火セラミックが、無機酸化物、金属の珪酸塩、金属の炭化物、金属の臭化物、金属の窒化物および鉱物からなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項7に記載のテープであって、無機酸化物が、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、灰長石、ムライト、ペロブスカイトおよびシリカからなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、第1有機バインダと第2有機バインダとの少なくとも一方が高分子樹脂と、可塑剤と分散剤とからなるグループから選択された少なくとも一つのものとからなるもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、焼成するとx−y平面での収縮が約0.2%以下であるもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、少なくとも1つの自己拘束層が少なくとも一つのガラスを含むもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、第1セラミックと耐火セラミックとが同じ物質であるもの。
- 請求項1に記載のテープであって、少なくとも一つの低温セラミック層が、更に、核形成剤を含むもの。
- 請求項13に記載のテープであって、核形成剤が、チタニア、ジルコニア、灰長石、モリブデン酸化物、タングステン酸化物およびマグネシウム・コバルト尖晶石からなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 一体構造の多層グリーンテープの作製方法であって、
(a) 第1セラミック、第1ガラス、第1有機バインダと第1溶媒との粒子からなる第1スラリーを形成し、
(b) 耐火セラミック、第2有機バインダおよび第2溶媒の粒子並びにメタ珪酸リチウムからなる第1ガラス用の湿潤剤で構成してなる第2スラリーを形成し、
(c) 第1および第2スラリーの1方の第1層をスロット型を介してキャリアに積層し、
(d) 第1および第2スラリーの他方の第2層をスロット型を介して上記の1方のスラリー上に、このスラリーがキャリア上で未だ湿ってはいるが、第2層とは実質的に分離した状態にあるうちに積層させ、
(e) 実質的に溶媒を除去するがバインダは除去しないように積層スラリーを乾燥するもの。 - 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、工程(c)と(d)とがほぼ同時におこなわれるもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、工程(c)の一方のスラリーが第1スラリーであって、工程(d)の他方のスラリーが第2スラリーであり、更に、
(f) 第2セラミック、第2ガラス、第3有機バインダおよび第3溶媒の粒子からなる第3スラリーを形成し、
(g) 第3スラリーの第3層をスロット型を介して、第2スラリー上に、第2スラリーが未だ湿ってはいるが、第3層とは実質的に分離した状態にあるうちに積層させるもの。 - 請求項17に記載の作成方法であって、工程(c)、(d)、(g)がほぼ同時に行われるもの。
- 請求項17に記載の作成方法であって、第1スラリーおよび第3スラリーがほぼ同じ組成を有するもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、耐火セラミックが、無機酸化物、金属ケイ酸塩、金属炭化物、金属臭化物、金属窒化物および鉱物からなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項20に記載の作成の方法であって、無機酸化物が、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、灰長石、ムライト、ペロブスカイトおよびシリカからなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、第1有機バインダと第2有機バインダとの少なくとも一方が、高分子樹脂と、可塑剤と核散剤とからなるグループから選ばれた少なくとも1つからなるもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、少なくとも一つの電子回路構成要素を、グリーンテープの少なくとも一つの外側平面に付着する工程(h)を更に含むもの。
- 請求項23に記載の作成方法であって、少なくとも一つの電子回路構成要素が、抵抗体、コンデンサ、可変抵抗器、誘電体、誘導性構造体および金属製導電パターンとからなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、第2スラリーの層の厚さが約20μm以上であるもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、第2スラリーが、更に、少なくとも一つのガラスを含むもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、第1スラリーが、更に、核形成剤を含むもの。
- 請求項27に記載の作成方法であって、核形成剤が、チタニア、ジルコニア、灰長石、モリブデン酸化物、タングステン酸化物およびマグネシウム・コバルト尖晶石からなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項15に記載の作成方法であって、第1セラミックと耐火セラミックが同じ物質からなるもの。
- 多層電子回路あるいは流体圧モデュール用の一体構造物を製造する方法であって、その方法が、各々がx−y方向平面を有する複数のグリーンセラミックテープを準備し、それらのテープに電子回路構成要素を当てがい、z方向にテープを積み上げ、積み上げたテープを積層し、積層したものを加熱してテープから有機バインダを除去し、バインダの無い積層体を共焼成して実質的には、z方向にのみ収縮していて、x−y平面には収縮していない一体構造物を製造するものであって、グリーンセラミックテープを準備する工程が、自己拘束層を備えた少なくとも一つのテープを準備することからなり、共焼成工程が外側からの拘束なしに行われることを特徴とし、少なくとも一つのグリーンセラミックテープが第1セラミック、第1ガラスおよび第1有機バインダとの粒子を含む第1低温セラミック層と、耐火セラミック、メタ珪酸リチウムからなる第1ガラス用湿潤剤、第2有機バインダとの粒子を含む自己拘束層とからなるもの。
- 請求項30に記載の製造方法であって、耐火セラミックが、無機酸化物、金属ケイ酸塩、金属炭化物、金属臭化物、金属窒化物および鉱物からなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項31に記載の製造方法であって、無機酸化物が、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、灰長石、ムライト、ペロブスカイトおよびシリカからなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項30に記載の製造方法であって、自己拘束層が、更に、1つ以上のガラスを含むもの。
- 請求項30に記載の製造方法であって、第1低温セラミック層が、更に、核形成剤を含むもの。
- 請求項34に記載の製造方法であって、核形成剤が、チタニア、ジルコニア、灰長石、モリブデン酸化物、タングステン酸化物およびマグネシウム・コバルト尖晶石からなるグループから選ばれるもの。
- 請求項30に記載の製造方法であって、第1セラミックと耐火セラミックとが同じ物質であるもの。
- 請求項30に記載の製造方法であって、x−y平面の収縮が、約1%未満であるもの。
- 請求項37に記載の製造方法であって、x−y平面の収縮が、約0.2%以下であるもの。
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- 2002-10-01 EP EP02763813A patent/EP1432664B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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WO2003029166A2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
US20040159390A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
JP2005504656A (ja) | 2005-02-17 |
ATE364584T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
DE60220687D1 (de) | 2007-07-26 |
US6949156B2 (en) | 2005-09-27 |
DE60220687T2 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
US20030087136A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
US6743534B2 (en) | 2004-06-01 |
AU2002327799A1 (en) | 2003-04-14 |
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