JP3798507B2 - 柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Description
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はステントに関するものであって、より詳細には、その長手方向の柔軟性を向上させて、曲がっている体腔に挿入しても閉鎖されず、さらに飲食物等の流体の逆流を防止して逆流した飲食物による食道の損傷を防止することができる柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
医療用ステントは主に人体に使用されるものであって、疾病、外傷、手術等によって狭小になった臓器や血管等の体腔を拡張させるためのものである。
【0003】
係るステントは、一般的に、全体的形状が円筒形構造体からなり、これを大きく分類すると、自体が所定の弾性力を有していて外力を加えて収縮させることができ、この外力を除去すると自体膨脹するものと、塑性体からなって収縮された状態で外力を加えて膨脹させると、自体の塑性によって外力を除去しても膨脹された状態をそのまま維持するものとに分けられる。
【0004】
ジグザグタイプステントは上記において前者に属するものであって、狭くなった体腔を拡張させる拡張力が非常に優れ、人体内挿入のために収縮させた際に比較的小さい直径を有するという長所がある。
【0005】
米国特許5,330,500にはこのような従来ジグザグタイプステントを開示しているが、図8に示されたように、外力を加えて収縮させることができ、それぞれ所定の間隔をもって配置される多数個のジグザグ環状弾性体12と、前記それぞれのジグザグ環状弾性体12を連結し、全体的に円筒状をなすようにする連結手段である棒状弾性体13を含む。
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
【0006】
このようなジグザグタイプステントは、前述のように拡張力が強いので、狭小になった体腔を拡張させるにおいては効果的であるが、柔軟性が良好ではないので、挿入される体腔が曲がっている場合には、挿入時体腔の内面をそれぞれのジグザグ環状の弾性体の一側端が圧迫しすぎるので、炎症のような他の発病の原因となるという問題点を有していて曲がっている体腔には適用し難かった。
【0007】
図9は他の従来のジグザグタイプステントを示すものであって、弾性体101と、前記それぞれの弾性体101を連結する環紐102と、前記弾性体101と環紐を同時に被覆する被覆部103を含んでいる。このステントの場合、曲がっている体腔に挿入の際、ステントが折られて通路が詰まることを防止するためには、弾性体101の間のスリップを必要とするが、弾性体101を環紐102で連結して共に被覆部103で被覆することによって、弾性体101の間のスリップが詰まることになり、曲がっている体腔に適用の際、図示するように、折られて通路が詰まるという問題点を有している。
【0008】
又、前述の各種のステントは、一旦体腔に移植される場合、体腔を拡張させた状態で選択的に飲食物又はその他の流体の逆流を防止する機能を有していないという問題点がある。例えば、胃と食道の結合部にこのようなステントを適用する場合、逆流防止のための身体機能が役割を果たさせないので、逆流された胃酸によって食道が損傷する危険性があり、特に飲食物が肺に入る場合には肺疾患を誘発する可能性があるため、このような飲食物(流体)の逆流抑制を必要とする部位にはステントを適用することができないし、また適用しても他の副作用を誘発するという問題点があった。
【0009】
又、前記のような従来のステントに適用されるジグザグ単位構造体はすべて多数のバンドによって連結される多数の直線部を有する閉鎖型構造であって、少なくとも二つの直線部が半田付け等によって互いに連結される構造を有しているため、人体内で二重酸化が発生する可能性があって、人体が重金属に露出される危険を有しているという問題点がある。
【0010】
従って、本発明は前記のような従来技術の問題点を解決するためのものであって、本発明の第1目的は、優れた拡張力を有すると共に、長手方向の柔軟性を向上させて曲がっている体腔に位置しても、完全に折られずに体腔の曲率に応じて曲げられることによって通路が詰まらないようにするステントを提供することにある。
【0011】
又、本発明の第2目的は、ステントが一旦体腔に移植される場合、体腔を拡張させた状態で、選択的に飲食物又はその他の流体の逆流を防止することができるステントを提供することにある。
【0012】
又、本発明の第3目的は、閉鎖型ジグザグステントの連結部に形成された半田付け等によって人体が重金属に露出される危険を防止することができるステントを提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の第1目的を実現するため、本発明は少なくとも二つ以上の、弾性単位構造体と、
前記単位構造体をカバーして円筒状に固定するための円筒形カバー手段を含むステントにおいて、
前記単位構造体は、一つの単位構造体の長手方向への一端と、これと隣る他の単位構造体の前記長手方向への前記一端と隣る一端が所定の間隔をなすように、配置されているステントを提供する。
前記弾性構造体の長さは10mm乃至20mm位で形成することが好ましい。
【0014】
前記カバー手段は柔軟性及び弾性を有する材質からなることが好ましい。
【0015】
又好ましくは、前記それぞれの単位構造体の間の間隔は、次の式を通じて得ることができ、
【数2】
(ここで、Ιはジグザグ単位構造体の間の間隔、dはステントの直径、θはステントの曲率角、ηは単位体の個数である。)、その好ましい範囲は0.5×ΙからΙ×1.5の範囲で選択されるようにする。
【0016】
又、前記それぞれの単位構造体の間の間隔は1〜20mmの範囲内で選択することが好ましい。
【0017】
又、前記の第2目的を実現するため、本発明は飲食物等の流体が下流側から上流側に逆流されることを防止することができる逆流防止手段が提供されるステントを提供する。
【0018】
前記逆流防止手段は3天板型バルブ(TRILEAFLET VALVE)又は2天板型バルブ(BILEAFLET VALVE)からなることが好ましい。
【0019】
又前記逆流防止手段は柔軟性及び弾性を有する材質からなることが好ましい。
【0020】
また、前記の第3目的を実現するため、ジグザグ単位構造が開放型からなるステントを提供する。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の好ましい実施例を添付図面を参照して説明する。
図1に示されたように、本発明の実施例によるステントは、少なくとも二つ以上の円筒形弾性単位構造体1と、前記単位構造体1をカバーして固定するための弾性材からなる円筒形カバー固定手段3を含んでいるため、前記それぞれの単位構造体1が別途の連結手段なしに前記円筒形カバー手段3によって一つの円筒形ステントを形成しつつ維持することができる。
【0022】
前記単位構造体1を前記円筒形カバー固定手段3でカバーして固定する方法は、弾性材からなる弾性材の円筒形フィルムの内壁又は外壁に前記単位構造体1を少なくとも二つ以上付着した後、この単位構造体1が付着している弾性材の円筒形フィルムを弾性材の溶液に入れてコーティングする方法を利用することができるが、そのような方法がこれに限定されるものではない。
【0023】
前記円筒形単位構造体1は外力を加えると収縮されるようになってステント挿入装置の導管に容易に挿入されることができ、導管から分離されて狭くなっている体腔に安着されると拡張して体腔を広げることができる。
即ち、前記それぞれの単位構造体1はジグザグ形状を有しているものであって、多数のアッパバンド10及びロワーバンド10’によって連結される多数の直線部11で形成される。ここで、前記単位構造体1は互いに一定の間隔(Ι1、Ι2、Ι3)をもって配置される。即ち、一単位構造体のロワーバンド10’を連結する仮想の円と、これと隣る他の単位構造体1のアッパバンド10を連結する仮想の円とが互いに一定の間隔を有するように配置される。
【0024】
また、カバー手段3は柔軟性及び弾性において卓越し、前記それぞれの単位構造体1は円筒状の前記カバー手段3内に含まれて所定の間隔をもって離れているので、曲がっている体腔に挿入する際、前記カバー手段3が曲がっている体腔に沿って容易に曲げられるようになり、前記単位構造体1もこれに応ずるようになる。
即ち、図2に示すように、本発明によるステントが曲がっている体腔2に挿入される場合、前記ステントが前記曲がっている体腔に対応する曲率をもって曲げられて位置することになる。言い換えると、曲げ方向に対して外側のステントは、そのカバー手段が膨脹しながら、隣る前記アッパバンド10及びロワーバンド10’の間の間隔を広げるようになり、曲げ方向に対して内側にカバー手段が折られながら隣る前記アッパバンド10及びロワーバンド10’の間の距離を狭めるようになるので、自然に体腔の曲率に対応する曲率を提供しながら、必要な通路を確保するようになる。
【0025】
このような結果を得るために、前記カバー手段3は、例えば、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリイソプレン、ポリブタジエン、ポリクロロプレン、ポリスチレンの中で選択された一つからなっている弾性力を有する通常のゴム弾性材であって、好ましくは、次の表に現れるような材質上の特徴を有するのがよい。しかし、その材質上の特徴は本発明を限定するものではない。
【表1】
【0026】
図3は本発明の実施形態によるステントのジグザグ単位構造体の間の隣るバンドの間隔を定義するための図面であって、図面符号“Ι”は隣る単位構造体のアッパバンド10とロワーバンド10’の間の間隔を示す。
【0027】
前記隣るジグザグ単位構造体1の間の隣るバンドの間隔Ιが次のような式で誘導される場合、
【数3】
(ここで、Ιはジグザグ単位構造体の間の隣るバンドの間隔、dはステントの直径、θはステントの曲率角、ηは単位体の個数である。)、その間隔の好ましい範囲PIは
0.5×Ι≦PI≦Ι×1.5
に決めることができる。
【0028】
前記式の誘導過程について説明する。
ステントが曲がっている体腔に挿入された際、ステントは図3に示されたように所定の曲率半径の形状を有する。ステントのジグザグ単位構造体1の間の間隔Ιは曲げられたステントの内側の短い弧11と外側の長い弧12の間の差によって決定されることが好ましい。
従って、短い弧の曲率半径をr,とすると、
11=rθ ……………………(1)
12=(r+d)θ ……………(2)
(2)−(1)すると、
12−11=(r+d)θ−rθ=dθ …………………(3)
従って、ジグザグ単位構造体の間の間隔は、ここにバンド部の個数を分けて決定される。
Ι=dθ÷(η−1) ……………(4)
θ=2πθ/360°であるので、
【数4】
である。
【0029】
上記のような式を用いてジグザグ単位構造体1の間の間隔を決定することによって簡便かつ正確に体腔の直径及び曲率に応じて適切なステントを製作することができるが、前記の式によって求められるジグザグ単位構造体1の間の間隔Ιは上記のように、±50%位で挿入される体腔に応じて変更することができる。即ち、通常前記間隔は1〜20mm間で選択され、好ましくは3mmである。
【0030】
一方、本発明によるステントには、図4に示すように、逆流防止手段7が提供されることがわかる。前記逆流防止手段7は3天板型バルブ(TRILEAFLET POLY-MER VALVE )からなっている。
【0031】
即ち、図4及び図5に示すように、図面においてステントの上側を流体又は飲食物の流れの上流、そして下側を下流とするとき、第1板71の一端が前記ステントの下流側の近傍の内周部の長さの1/3位の位置に付着された後、下流側に延長するが、だんだんその付着された内周部から遠くなってほとんどステントの中心軸に向く構造からなっており、第2板73は同一内周面上の他の内周部長さの1/3位の位置に付着された後、同様に下流側に移動しながらだんだんその付着されたところから遠くなってほとんどステントの中心軸に向く構造からなっており、第3板も同様にその残りの1/3位の内周部に付着された後、同形状になるようになっている。従って、前記第1板71、第2板73、第3板75のステントの内壁に付着されない他端はほとんど互いに隣り合うように配置される。
【0032】
このような構造によって、流体又は飲食物が重力現象又は他の圧力によってステントの上流側から下流側に移動する場合、前記板71,73,75を押しながら互いに隣っている前記板の間が広がるようになって飲食物が下流側に移動することができる。しかし、逆に下流側から上流側に流体又は飲食物が逆流する場合には、板の下流側面を押すようになって隣っている板の近接性がさらに強化されて逆流が防止される。
【0033】
併せて前記板の材質は好ましくはこれらの板が付着される前記カバー手段3の材質と同様のものがいいが、逆流時の圧力を耐えることができ成形が容易で人体に無害であれば何の材質でも可能である。即ち、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等の樹脂又は生体組織から得られる材質、例えば豚の弁膜又は牛の心嚢等からなることができる。
【0034】
また本実施形態ではステントの一端に逆流防止手段が提供されているが、その位置はステントの内側のどちらでもよく、さらにステントの外側に延長しても差し支えない。
【0035】
一方、図4に示すように、前記板が隣っている状態で前記ステントの中心軸周りには若干の開放部77を形成する。この開放部は本発明の逆流防止構造が提供されたステントを胃と食道の連結部位に適用する場合、胃から発生されたガス等の排出空間を提供するためのものであって、飲食物等の流れがある位の大きさではない。
【0036】
図6は本発明の他の実施形態による逆流防止構造を示しており、この実施形態では逆流防止手段7は2天板からなっている。第1板72と第2板74が互いに隣るようにステント内壁に付着された後、上流側に向いて傾くように内壁に付着される構造を有している。
【0037】
一方、上記の実施形態で示しているジグザグ単位構造体はすべて多数のバンドによって連結される一連の直線部からなる閉鎖型からなっているが、本発明の他の実施形態によると、図7に示すように、単位構造体1’が円筒形カバー手段によって被覆されることは上記実施形態と同一であるが、少なくとも前記直線部11の中の二つ、即ち、単位構造体の両端にある直線部(11’、11”)が連結されていない開放型になることができる。即ち、バンドによって連結される一連を直線部のうち両端の直線部は互いに連結されずに、重なって重ね部15を形成するようになっている。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
医療用ステントを複数個のジグザグ単位構造体とこれらを一体にカバーする被覆材で構成することによってその長手方向の柔軟性を向上させて曲がっている体腔に安全に装着させることができ、3天板型バルブ又は2天板型バルブをその一側に装着させることによって飲食物等の流体の逆流を効果的に防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態によるゴム弾性体によって連結されたジグザグタイプステントを示す斜視図。
【図2】本発明の一実施形態によるステントが曲がっている体腔に挿入されているのを示す図面。
【図3】本発明の一実施形態によるステントのジグザグ単位構造体の間の間隔を定義するための図面。
【図4】本発明の一実施形態による逆流防止手段を有するステントを示している斜視図。
【図5】本発明の一実施形態による逆流防止構造を示している図面。
【図6】本発明の他の実施形態による逆流防止構造を示している図面。
【図7】本発明のまた他の実施形態によるステントを示している斜視図。
【図8】従来の実施形態によるステントを示す図面。
【図9】従来の他のステントを示す図面。
【符号の説明】
1 弾性単位構造体
2 体腔
3 カバー固定手段
7 逆流防止手段
10 アッパバンド
10’ロワーバンド
11 直線部
15 重ね部
71 3天板型バルブの第1板
73 3天板型バルブの第2板
75 3天板型バルブの第3板
72 2天板型バルブの第1板
74 2天板型バルブの第2板
77 開放部
Claims (12)
- 円筒状に形成され、多数のバンドによって連結された多数の直線部を有し、開放されたジグザグ状に形成され、それぞれの弾性単位構造体の直線部の端部分と他の直線部の端部分とが出会っていない状態で隣接して配置され、重ね部が提供される複数の弾性単位構造体;及び
前記弾性単位構造体を被覆して固定するための円筒形のカバー固定手段
を含み、
前記弾性単位構造体は、各弾性単位構造体の隣接した端部分が円筒形のカバー固定手段の長手方向に沿って所定の間隔だけ離れて前記カバー固定手段に配置されて固定される柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。 - 前記カバー固定手段は、長手方向の軸線に沿って曲がることができる柔軟性及び弾性を有する材質からなる請求項1に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 前記カバー固定手段は、ポリマー材からなる請求項1又は2に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 前記隣接する単位構造体の間の間隔は1〜20mmである請求項3に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 下流側から上流側に飲食物又は流体が逆流されることを防止するための逆流防止手段をさらに含み、前記逆流防止手段はステントの内壁に結合され、ガスの逆流を許容することができる開放部を備えた請求項1に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 前記逆流防止手段は3天板型バルブ(TRILEAFLET VALVE)からなる請求項5に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 前記3天板型バルブは3つの板を含み、それぞれ前記板の一側がステントの内壁に結合され、それぞれ板がステントの中心に向かって連続的に配置された請求項6に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 下流側から上流側に飲食物又は流体が逆流されることを防止するための逆流防止手段をさらに含み、前記逆流防止手段はステントの内壁に結合され、2天板型バルブ(BILEAFLET VALVE)からなっている請求項1に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 前記2天板型バルブは、2つの板を含み、それぞれ前記板の一側がステントの内壁に結合され、それぞれ板がステントの中心軸に向かって連続的に配置された請求項8に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 前記逆流防止手段は、豚又は牛の心膜を含む生体組織から得た材質からなる請求項5又は8に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステント。
- 長手方向軸線を有しポリマー材質からなる円筒形のフィルムを用意する段階と、円筒形のフィルムの直径と同一な直径を有し、円筒形に多数のバンドによって連結された多数の直線部を有し開放されたジグザグ状に形成され、それぞれの弾性単位構造体の直線部の端部分と他の直線部の端部分とが出会っていない状態で隣接して配置され、重ね部が提供される複数の円筒形弾性単位構造体が長手方向軸線に一定の間隔だけ離れて前記円筒形フィルムの内壁又は外壁に結合される段階と、
ポリマー溶液を円筒形フィルムと前記弾性単位構造体に塗布する段階と、
塗布された溶液を硬化させる段階と
を含む前記柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステントを製造する方法。 - 前記塗布段階は前記弾性単位構造体を有する円筒形フィルムをポリマー溶液に入れて製作する請求項11に記載の柔軟性及び自体膨脹性を有するステントを製造する方法。
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KR1019960017709A KR970073535A (ko) | 1996-05-23 | 1996-05-23 | 고무 탄성체로 연결된 지그재그타입 스텐트 |
KR1019960037394A KR0170220B1 (ko) | 1996-08-31 | 1996-08-31 | 역류 방지수단을 갖춘 스텐트 |
KR1019960039092A KR0170219B1 (ko) | 1996-09-10 | 1996-09-10 | 개방형 스텐트 |
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KR1019970012388A KR100193269B1 (ko) | 1996-05-23 | 1997-04-03 | 고무탄성체로 연결된 지그재그 타입 스텐트 |
KR1996-37394 | 1997-04-03 | ||
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-
1997
- 1997-05-22 DE DE69719237T patent/DE69719237T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-22 EP EP97303517A patent/EP0808614B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-23 JP JP13406097A patent/JP3798507B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-23 US US08/861,818 patent/US6027525A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-23 CN CNB971137749A patent/CN1148232C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1148232C (zh) | 2004-05-05 |
EP0808614A3 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
US6027525A (en) | 2000-02-22 |
JPH1043315A (ja) | 1998-02-17 |
EP0808614A2 (en) | 1997-11-26 |
DE69719237D1 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
DE69719237T2 (de) | 2003-11-27 |
EP0808614B1 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
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