JP2023011871A - 呼吸ガス加湿システム - Google Patents
呼吸ガス加湿システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2023011871A JP2023011871A JP2022177627A JP2022177627A JP2023011871A JP 2023011871 A JP2023011871 A JP 2023011871A JP 2022177627 A JP2022177627 A JP 2022177627A JP 2022177627 A JP2022177627 A JP 2022177627A JP 2023011871 A JP2023011871 A JP 2023011871A
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- conductive
- sensor
- tube
- humidification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
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- A61M2016/0039—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter electrical in the inspiratory circuit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3379—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
- A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年3月13日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/610,109号明細書;2012年12月4日に出願された同第61/733,360号明細書;2012年12月4日に出願された同第61/733,359号明細書;2012年3月15日に出願された同第61/611,331号明細書;及び2012年11月5日に出願された同第61/722,659号明細書の優先権利益を主張し、これらの各仮特許出願の全体は、本明細書によって参照により本明細書に援用される。
図1及び図1Aは、検知装置22、液位検知システム222、複合管、及び/又は本開示の特定の特徴、態様及び利点に従い配置及び構成された他の特徴を含み得る呼吸加湿システム20を示す。検知装置22、検知システム222、複合管、及び他の特徴は、本明細書では、呼吸加湿システム20と関連して例示及び説明されるが、限定はされないが腹腔鏡検査、換気等を含めた、使用者又は患者への加熱加湿ガス流の供給が関わる他の用途に適用性が見出され得る。
加湿ユニット40の制御器56は、呼吸加湿システム20の様々な構成部品の動作を制御することができる。例示される構成は単一の制御器56で示されるが、他の構成では複数の制御器が用いられ得る。複数の制御器は交信してもよく、又は別個の機能が提供され、従って制御器は交信する必要がない。構成によっては、制御器56は、コンピュータプログラム用のソフトウェアコードを含む関連するメモリ又はストレージを有するマイクロプロセッサ、プロセッサ又は論理回路を含み得る。このような構成では、制御器56は、コンピュータプログラム内に含まれるなどする命令に従い、また外部入力に応答して、加湿システム20の動作を制御することができる。
制御器56はまた、液位検知システム222からも入力を受け取る。液位検知システム222は、チャンバ46又はベース52に、又はその近傍に位置決めされた1つ以上のセンサを含み得る。液位検知システム222は、本明細書に記載されるとおりチャンバ46の液位を決定するための電圧源及び検出システムを含み得る。制御器56は液位検知システム222から液位情報を受け取り、その液位情報に応答して制御特性を調節することができる。一部の実施形態では、制御器56は、液位状態に関してユーザインターフェース部品82を用いて使用者に通知することができる。
図1に関連して、制御器56はまた、流れセンサ84及び少なくとも1つの温度センサ86からも入力を受け取る。任意の好適な流れセンサ84を使用することができ、任意の好適な温度センサ86を使用することができる。構成によっては、流れセンサ84が温度センサ86を含み得る。
上記に記載したとおり、呼吸加湿システム20は、ガス源30を加湿ユニット40、吸気導管70、及び/又は呼気導管と接続する導管44を含み得る。一部の実施形態では、これらの導管のいずれか又は全ての一部又は全体が複合管であってもよく、複合管は、2つ以上の部分又は構成部品を有する管であり得る。本明細書に記載されるとおりの複合管はまた、他の用途、例えば限定されないが腹腔鏡手術にも用いられ得る。例えば、図1Bに示される例示的な吹送システム701において導管713として複合管を使用することにより、熱損失を最小限に抑えた患者705の手術部位への加湿ガスの送気が促進され得る。これは、熱損失を補償するのに必要な熱入力が少なくなるため、吹送システムにおける全エネルギー消費を有利に低減し得る。
次に、複合管の例示的製造方法を示す図41A~図41Fを参照する。
図42A~図42Fは、第1の長尺部材又は部分203と第2の長尺部材又は部分205とを有する単一の管形状要素を含む管の例示的実施形態の横方向断面を示す。図示されるとおり、第2の長尺部分205は第1の長尺部分203と一体化され、この単一の管形状要素の全長に沿って延在する。例示される実施形態では、単一の管形状要素は長尺中空本体であり、横方向断面において、中空部分501を一部画定する比較的薄い壁を有し、その比較的薄い壁に隣接する長尺中空本体の対向する両側に、比較的厚い又は比較的硬い2つの補強部分205を備えている。これらの補強部分は、長尺中空本体が螺旋状に巻回された後、ルーメン207の内壁の一部をなし、従ってこれらの補強部分もまた、長尺中空体の隣接する巻きの間に螺旋状に位置決めされる。
次に、使用中に加湿器に接続するように構成される管の端部にコネクタを取り付けるための例示的なフローチャートを示す図43Aを参照する。例えば、上記に図1に関連して記載したとおり、吸気導管70は入口42を介して加湿ユニット40に接続する。図43Aの例示的なフローチャートは、吸気導管70を加湿ユニット40と物理的及び電気的に接続可能にすることができる。
次に、管201の一方の端部を患者インターフェース(図示せず)に接続する例示的なコネクタ1600を示す図44A~図44Hを参照する。コネクタ1600のうち患者インターフェースと接続する部分が、参照符号1601によって示される。図44Aはコネクタ1600の側面斜視図を示す。図44B~図44Eに示すとおり、コネクタ1600は、管201、PCB1603、インサート1605(一体に組み付けられたとき、まとめて計算流体力学(CFD)アセンブリ1607と称される)、及びカバー1609を含む。図44B~図44Eの各々は、図44Aの図と略対応する側面斜視図を示す。
次に、PCBとの電気的接続性を有しないコネクタを示す図45A~図45Eを参照する。しかしながら、構成によってはコネクタは、PCBと電気的接続性を有するように等しく適合され得る。このコネクタは患者インターフェース又は加湿器との接続に好適である。これは特に、閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸環境における患者端コネクタ及び/又は装置端コネクタとしての使用に適している。
次に、電気ワイヤが中を通る医療用回路に使用することのできるコネクタを示す図46A~図46Fを参照する。コネクタ1801はカットアウト1802を含み、これは特定の実施形態では30mm(又は約30mm)の横幅である。特定の実施形態において、カットアウト1802の一方の端部にL字型アーム1803があり、これは一部がコネクタ1801から外側に延在し、一部がコネクタ1801の長手方向軸と平行に延在する。
同軸呼吸管もまた、上記に記載したとおりの複合管に含まれ得る。同軸呼吸管では、第1のガス空間が吸気リム又は呼気リムであり、第2のガス空間が吸気リム又は呼気リムの他方である。前記吸気リムの入口と前記吸気リムの出口との間に1つのガス通路が提供され、且つ前記呼気リムの入口と前記呼気リムの出口との間に1つのガス通路が提供される。一実施形態では、第1のガス空間が前記吸気リムであり、且つ第2のガス空間が前記呼気リムである。或いは、第1のガス空間が呼気リムであってもよく、且つ第2のガス空間が吸気リムであってもよい。
加熱フィラメント215を組み込む複合管201の実施形態では、第1の長尺部材203の壁を通じて熱が失われ、加熱が不均一となり得る。上記に説明したとおり、この熱損失を補償する一つの方法は、第1の長尺部材203の壁に外部加熱源を適用することであり、これは温度の調節及び熱損失の相殺に役立つ。しかしながら、熱特性を最適化する他の方法が用いられてもよい。
少なくとも1つの実施形態において、複合管の材料は、様々なクリーニング方法を取り扱えるように選択され得る。一部の実施形態では、高度消毒(約20分間のクリーニングサイクル)を使用して複合管201を清浄にし得る。高度消毒では、複合管201を約75℃で約30分間の低温殺菌に供する。次に、複合管201を2%グルタルアルデヒド浴で約20分間処理する。複合管201をグルタルアルデヒドから取り出し、6%過酸化水素に約30分間浸漬する。最後に、複合管201を過酸化水素から取り出し、0.55%オルトフタルアルデヒド(OPA)浴で約10分間処理する。
Claims (59)
- 加湿装置において、
出口を含む加圧ガス源と;
加湿ユニットに至る入口に接続される、前記加圧ガス源の前記出口と;
出口を含む前記加湿ユニットであって、前記加湿ユニットの前記出口は送気部品に接続され、前記加圧ガス源と前記送気部品との間に流路が画定され、センサが前記流路内の流れ特性を検知するように適合され、前記流路は開口部を含み、前記センサは前記開口部を通って前記流路内まで延在し、前記センサは検知部分を含み、前記流路と前記センサとの間にバリアが位置決めされ、前記バリアは前記センサの前記検知部分と接触し、前記バリアは前記検知部分と接触する領域で略一定の厚さを含んでいる、加湿ユニットと
を含む装置。 - 前記加湿ユニットが加湿チャンバを含み、前記加湿チャンバがポートを含み、且つ前記開口部が、前記ポートの少なくとも一部分を画定する壁を貫通して延在する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記センサが第1のサーミスタと第2のサーミスタとを含み、前記バリアが、前記第1のサーミスタを受け入れる第1のスリーブと、前記第2のサーミスタを受け入れる第2のスリーブとを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記第1のサーミスタが被加熱型であり、且つ前記第2のサーミスタが非被加熱型である、請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記バリアが、装着部分と、第1の厚さと、前記第1の厚さ未満である第2の厚さとを含み、前記第2の厚さが前記センサの前記検知部分に隣接して位置し、前記第1の厚さを有する領域が、前記装着部分と前記第2の厚さを有する部分との間に位置決めされる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記バリアが先端部分と装着部分とを含み、前記装着部分が前記バリアを前記開口部内に固定し、且つ前記先端部分が減少した厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記バリアが、前記開口部を気密封止し、且つ前記検知部分が前記流路内に位置決めされ得るとともに装着部分が前記流路外に位置決めされるようにして前記センサの少なくとも一部分を受け入れる、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記センサがカートリッジによって支持され、前記加湿ユニットが加湿チャンバを含み、前記カートリッジと前記加湿チャンバとが着脱自在に取り付けられ、且つインターロックコネクタを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記カートリッジが、コネクタであって、前記カートリッジが前記加湿チャンバに装着され、且つ前記加湿チャンバが前記加湿ユニットに装着されると、前記加湿ユニットと電気的接続をなすように適合されたコネクタを含む、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記加湿チャンバからの前記カートリッジの取外し及び交換を繰り返しても前記センサの前記検知部分が一貫して位置決めされるように、前記カートリッジが、前記加湿チャンバを通る前記流路の一部分に対して再現性のある形で前記センサを支持する、請求項8に記載の装置。
- 前記バリアが略円筒形ベースと略釣鐘型ヘッドとを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記略釣鐘型ヘッドが複数の撓曲可能なリブを含む、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のリブが三角形であり、前記釣鐘型ヘッドの周囲に位置決めされる、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のリブの1つ以上は、離間幅に対するリブ幅の比が約3.7である、請求項12に記載の装置。
- チャンバを画定する外側本体と、前記チャンバに入る通路を画定する壁を含む入口ポートと、前記チャンバから出る通路を画定する壁を含む出口ポートとを含む加湿チャンバであって、前記入口ポートの前記壁は第1の開口部を含み、前記第1の開口部は第1のシール部材を受け入れ、前記第1のシール部材は、前記入口ポートの前記壁を貫通して延在する前記第1の開口部を気密封止し、前記出口ポートの前記壁は第2の開口部を含み、前記第2の開口部は第2のシール部材を受け入れ、前記第2のシール部材は、前記出口ポートの前記壁を貫通して延在する前記第2の開口部を気密封止し、カートリッジは、前記チャンバの前記外側本体にインターロック構造によって着脱自在に取付け可能であり、前記カートリッジは、前記第1のシール内に受け入れ可能な、且つ前記第1の開口部を通って延在する第1のセンサを支持し、及び前記カートリッジは、前記第2のシール内に受け入れ可能な、且つ前記第2の開口部を通って延在する第2のセンサを支持する、加湿チャンバ。
- 前記第1のセンサが第1の検知部品と第2の検知部品とを含み、前記第1のシール部材が前記第1の検知部品を前記第2の検知部品と分離する、請求項15に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 前記第1の検知部品が第1のサーミスタであり、且つ前記第2の検知部品が第2のサーミスタである、請求項16に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 前記第1のシール部材及び前記第2のシール部材が着脱自在である、請求項15に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 前記第1のシール部材が、前記第1のセンサの検知部分と接触するように適合された接触部分を有し、前記接触部分は厚さが減少している、請求項15に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 前記第1のシール部材が、前記第1のセンサの検知部分と接触するように適合される接触部分を有し、前記接触部分が略接触の厚さを有する、請求項15に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 前記カートリッジが電気コネクタを含み、前記電気コネクタが前記第1のセンサ及び前記第2のセンサと電気的に接続される、請求項15に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 前記インターロック構造が、前記チャンバの前記外側本体に画定された凹部と、前記カートリッジに画定されたボスとを含む、請求項15に記載の加湿チャンバ。
- 液位検知システムを有し、且つ導電性液体を保持するように適合されたチャンバにおいて、
内表面と外表面とを有する非導電性壁と、液体の保持に適合された容器を形成するよう前記非導電性壁に取着された導電性ベースとを備える本体と;
前記非導電壁の前記外表面に位置決めされたセンサ電極と;
前記導電性ベースと電気的に結合され、且つ前記導電性ベースの外表面に位置決めされたベース電極と;
前記非導電壁の前記内表面に取り付けられた導電性ブリッジであって、前記センサ電極に容量的に結合されている前記導電性ブリッジにおいて、前記導電性液体が前記ブリッジ及びベース電極の両方に接触すると、前記導電性ブリッジと前記ベース電極とが導電的に結合される、導電性ブリッジと;
前記センサ電極と電気的に結合された、且つ前記センサ電極に可変電圧を供給するように構成された電圧源と;
前記センサ電極と電気的に結合された、且つ前記センサ電極のキャパシタンスを測定するように構成された検出システムと
を含むチャンバ。 - 前記センサ電極の少なくとも一部分が前記導電性ベースから離れる方向に前記導電性ブリッジを超えて延在するように、前記センサ電極が前記導電性ブリッジと比べて前記導電性ベースからさらに遠くに位置決めされる、請求項23に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記検出システムが、前記導電液体の液位が前記導電ブリッジより高くなったときの前記センサ電極のキャパシタンスの変化を検出するように構成される、請求項24に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記検出システムが、前記導電液体の液位がセンサ電極を下回ったときの前記センサ電極のキャパシタンスの変化を検出するように構成される、請求項24に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記センサ電極が前記導電性ベースより大きい、請求項23に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記ベース電極が電気グランドに電気的に結合される、請求項23に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記導電性ベースが前記液位検知システムに仮想電気グランドを提供する、請求項23に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記電圧源が交流電圧源を含む、請求項23に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記センサ電極のキャパシタンスが、前記導電液体が前記導電ブリッジに接触すると離散的な量だけ増加する、請求項23に記載のチャンバ。
- 請求項23に記載のチャンバを組み込む加湿ユニット。
- 液位検知システムを有し、且つ非導電性液体を保持するように適合されたチャンバにおいて、前記チャンバが、
本体であって、
内表面と外表面とを有する非導電性壁;及び
液体の保持に適合された容器を形成するよう前記非導電性壁に取着された導電性ベース;
を含む本体と:
前記非導電壁の前記外表面に位置決めされたセンサ電極と;
前記導電性ベースと電気的に結合され、且つ前記導電性ベースの外表面に位置決めされたベース電極と;
前記非導電壁の前記内表面に取り付けられた導電性ブリッジと;
前記センサ電極と電気的に結合された電圧源と;
前記センサ電極と電気的に結合された検出システムと;
を含み、
前記導電性ブリッジと前記センサ電極とが容量的に結合され;
前記導電性ブリッジと前記ベース電極とが容量的に結合され;
前記電圧源が、前記センサ電極に可変電圧を供給するように構成され;及び
前記検出システムが前記センサ電極のキャパシタンスを測定するように構成される、チャンバ。 - 前記検出システムがさらに、前記センサ電極の前記キャパシタンスに対応する液位を決定するように構成される、請求項33に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記検出システムが、液切れ状態又は満水状態のうちの少なくとも1つを判断するように構成される、請求項34に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記検出システムがさらに、前記液位に対応する通知を提供するように構成される、請求項34に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記センサ電極が前記非導電壁の前記外表面に着脱自在に取り付けられる、請求項33に記載のチャンバ。
- 請求項33に記載のチャンバを組み込む加湿ユニット。
- 液位検知システムを有し、且つ導電性液体を保持するように適合されたチャンバにおいて、前記チャンバが、
本体であって、
内表面と外表面とを有する非導電性壁;
前記非導電壁の前記内表面に取り付けられた吸上材であって、前記吸上材を介して前記導電性液体が前記非導電性壁を上動することを可能にするように構成された吸上材;及び
液体の保持に適合された容器を形成するよう前記非導電性壁に取着された導電性ベース;
を含む本体と;
前記非導電壁の前記外表面に位置決めされたセンサ電極と;
前記センサ電極と電気的に結合された電圧源と;
前記センサ電極と電気的に結合された検出システムと;
を含み、
前記センサ電極と前記導電性液体とが容量的に結合され;
前記電圧源が、前記センサ電極に可変電圧を供給するように構成され;及び
前記検出システムが、前記センサ電極のキャパシタンスを測定するように構成される、チャンバ。 - 前記検出システムが、前記チャンバに導電液体がないとき、液切れ状態と判断するように構成される、請求項39に記載のチャンバ。
- 前記検出システムが、前記液切れ状態と判断されたとき、通知を提供するように構成される、請求項40に記載のチャンバ。
- 請求項39に記載のチャンバを組み込む加湿ユニット。
- 柔軟変形自在な複合管において、
壁により画定される中空本体を含む第1の長尺部材であって、前記壁が約0.05mm~約0.44mmの厚さを有し、前記中空本体が螺旋状に巻回されることで、長手方向軸を有する長尺管を少なくとも一部形成し、ルーメンが前記長手方向軸に沿って延在し、且つ前記螺旋状にされた中空本体により少なくとも部分的に画定される、第1の長尺部材と;
螺旋状に巻回され、且つ前記第1の長尺部材の隣接する巻きの間に接合された第2の長尺部材であって、前記長尺管の前記ルーメンの少なくとも一部分を形成する第2の長尺部材と、
を含む柔軟変形自在な複合管。 - 前記壁が約0.13mm~約0.44mmの厚さを有する、請求項43に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記壁が約0.13mm~約0.24mmの厚さを有する、請求項44に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記壁が約0.16mm~約0.24mmの厚さを有する、請求項45に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記壁が約0.17mm~約0.225mmの厚さを有する、請求項46に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記螺旋状にされた中空本体が約2mm~約8mmのピッチを有する、請求項43~47のいずれか一項に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記螺旋状にされた中空本体が約4.5mm~約5.6mmのピッチを有する、請求項48に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記螺旋状にされた中空本体が約5.1mmのピッチを有する、請求項49に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記螺旋状にされた中空本体が、前記ルーメンを画定する第1の厚さの第1の部分と、外表面を画定する第2の厚さの第2の部分とを有し、前記第1の厚さが前記第2の厚さより小さい、請求項43~50のいずれか一項に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記第1の厚さが約0.05mm~約0.3mmであり、且つ前記第2の厚さが約0.14mm~約0.44mmである、請求項51に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記第1の厚さが約0.10mmであり、且つ前記第2の厚さが約0.34mmである、請求項52に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記第1の長尺部材が、ブロッキング防止添加剤を含有する押出物から形成される、請求項43~53のいずれか一項に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記ブロッキング防止添加剤がタルクである、請求項54に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記押出物が約10重量パーセント未満のタルクを含有する、請求項55に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記押出物が約1.5重量パーセントのタルク~約10重量パーセントのタルクを含有する、請求項56に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 前記押出物が約1.5重量パーセントのタルクを含有する、請求項57に記載の柔軟変形自在な複合管。
- 柔軟変形自在な複合管において、
壁により画定される中空本体を含む第1の長尺部材であって、前記中空本体が螺旋状に巻回されることで、長手方向軸を有する長尺管を少なくとも一部形成し、ルーメンが前記長手方向軸に沿って延在し、且つ前記螺旋状にされた中空本体により少なくとも部分的に画定される、第1の長尺部材と;
螺旋状に巻回され、且つ前記第1の長尺部材の隣接する巻きの間に接合された第2の長尺部材であって、前記長尺管のルーメンの少なくとも一部分を形成する第2の長尺部材とを含み、且つ
(1)前記壁は約0.05mm~約0.44mmの厚さを有する;
(2)前記螺旋状にされた中空本体が約2mm~約8mmのピッチを有する;
(3)前記螺旋状にされた中空本体が、前記ルーメンを画定する第1の厚さの第1の部分と、外表面を画定する第2の厚さの第2の部分とを有し、前記第1の厚さが前記第2の厚さより小さい;及び
(4)前記第1の長尺部材はブロッキング防止添加剤を含有する押出物から形成されるの任意の組み合わせである、柔軟変形自在な複合管。
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