JP2021109937A - 樹脂多孔質体の製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂多孔質体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021109937A JP2021109937A JP2020003918A JP2020003918A JP2021109937A JP 2021109937 A JP2021109937 A JP 2021109937A JP 2020003918 A JP2020003918 A JP 2020003918A JP 2020003918 A JP2020003918 A JP 2020003918A JP 2021109937 A JP2021109937 A JP 2021109937A
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001330 spinodal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Ra2=4(δD1−δD2)2+(δP1−δP2)2+(δH1−δH2)2
エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(EVOH)は、モノマー単位として、エチレン単位およびビニルアルコール単位を含有する共重合体である。EVOH中のエチレン単位の含有量は、特に制限はないが、好ましくは10モル%以上であり、より好ましくは15モル%以上であり、さらに好ましくは20モル%以上であり、特に好ましくは25モル%以上である。また、EVOH中のエチレン単位の含有量は、好ましくは60モル%以下であり、より好ましくは50モル%以下であり、さらに好ましくは45モル%以下である。EVOHのけん化度は、特に制限はないが、好ましくは80モル%以上であり、より好ましくは90モル%以上であり、さらに好ましくは95モル%以上である。けん化度の上限は、けん化に関する技術的限界により定まり、例えば、99.99モル%である。なお、EVOHのエチレン単位の含有量およびけん化度は、公知方法(例、1H−NMR測定等)により求めることができる。
酢酸セルロースの好適な良溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン等の含窒素極性溶媒(特に含窒素非プロトン性極性溶媒);蟻酸メチル、酢酸メチル等のエステル類;アセトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジオキソラン等の環状エーテル類;メチルグリコール、メチルグリコールアセテート等のグリコール誘導体;塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、テトラクロロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素;炭酸プロピレン等の環状カーボネート類;DMSO等の含硫黄極性溶媒(特に含硫黄非プロトン性極性溶媒)などが挙げられる。なかでも、含硫黄非プロトン性極性溶媒が好ましく、DMSOがより好ましい。
ポリフッ化ビニリデンの好適な良溶媒としては、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン等の含窒素極性溶媒(特に含窒素非プロトン性極性溶媒);DMSO等の含硫黄極性溶媒(特に含硫黄非プロトン性極性溶媒)などが挙げられる。なかでも、含窒素非プロトン性極性溶媒が好ましく、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドがより好ましい。
サンプル瓶に、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(クラレ社製「エバール L171B」:エチレン含有率27モル%、以下「EVOH」と記す)1gを秤量した。これに、良溶媒として水とn−プロピルアルコール(nPA)とを体積比7:3で含有する混合溶媒5mLと、貧溶媒としてγ−ブチロラクトン(GBL)2.1mLとを添加した。サンプル瓶を80℃〜90℃に加熱し、EVOHがこれらの溶媒に完全に溶解するまで撹拌して、EVOHが溶解した塗工液を得た。次いで、得られた塗工液を25℃まで冷却した。この塗工液を、基材としてのアルミニウム板上にキャスティングにより塗布した。このとき、塗布厚みは100μmであった。これを120℃に設定した熱風乾燥炉に入れて加熱し、良溶媒および貧溶媒を気化させて除去した。このようにして、アルミニウム板上に薄膜を得た。
サンプル瓶に、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体(クラレ社製「エバール L171B」:エチレン含有率27モル%、以下「EVOH」と記す)1gを秤量した。これに、良溶媒として水とn−プロピルアルコール(nPA)とを体積比7:3で含有する混合溶媒5mLと、貧溶媒としてγ−ブチロラクトン(GBL)2.1mLとを添加した。サンプル瓶を80℃〜90℃に加熱し、EVOHがこれらの溶媒に完全に溶解するまで撹拌して、EVOH溶液を得た。EVOH溶液を25℃に冷却した後、EVOH溶液に、表1に記載の絶縁粒子を表1に示す量加えた。得られた混合物を、高速分散機ホモディスパーを用いて回転速度1000rpmで20分間撹拌して、EVOHが溶解すると共に絶縁粒子が分散した塗工液を得た。得られた塗工液を、基材としてのアルミニウム板上にキャスティングにより塗布した。このとき、塗布厚みは100μmであった。これを120℃に設定した熱風乾燥炉に入れて加熱し、良溶媒および貧溶媒を気化させて除去した。このようにして、アルミニウム板上に薄膜を得た。
一部の実施例および比較例に対し、得られた薄膜の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察し、薄膜が多孔性であることを確認した。また、薄膜の表層部におけるスキン層の形成の有無を確認した。参考として、比較例1で得られた薄膜の断面のSEM写真を図1に、実施例7で得られた薄膜の断面のSEM写真を図2に、実施例11で得られた薄膜の断面のSEM写真を図3に示す。図1に示されるように、比較例1で得られた薄膜は多孔質であるものの、その表層部に孔のないスキン層が形成されているのが確認できる。一方、図2および図3より、実施例7および11で得られた薄膜は、表層部にも孔を有し、全体が多孔質であることがわかる。
各実施例および比較例で得られた薄膜を所定のサイズに打ち抜くことによって、サンプルを作製した。このサンプルの重量および膜厚を求めた。サンプルの面積と膜厚より、サンプルの体積を求め、見かけ密度を算出した。薄膜を構成する非水溶性高分子および絶縁粒子の真密度とそれらの含有割合から、薄膜の真密度を算出した。この見かけ密度と真密度を用いて、下記式より空孔率を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
空孔率(%)=(1−見かけ密度/真密度)×100
各実施例および比較例で得られた薄膜の表面に有機溶媒(エタノールまたは炭酸プロピレン)を滴下して、その染み込み具合を目視で評価した。有機溶媒が薄膜の裏面まで浸透した場合には、スキン層がなく多孔質化されていると判断できる。一方、有機溶媒が浸透しない場合は、スキン層が形成されていると判断できる。
Claims (4)
- 非水溶性高分子の良溶媒および前記非水溶性高分子の貧溶媒を含有する混合溶媒中に、前記非水溶性高分子が溶解し、かつ絶縁粒子が分散した塗工液を調製する工程と、
前記塗工液を、基材上に塗工する工程と、
前記塗工された塗工液から、前記混合溶媒を気化させて除去する工程と、
を包含し、
前記貧溶媒の沸点が、前記良溶媒の沸点よりも高く、
前記混合溶媒を気化させて除去することによって、空孔を形成して多孔質体を得る、
樹脂多孔質体の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁粒子が、ベーマイト粒子またはアルミナ粒子である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記絶縁粒子のアスペクト比が、10以上40以下である、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記非水溶性高分子が、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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