JP2020152735A - 191p4d12タンパク質に結合する抗体薬物結合体(adc) - Google Patents
191p4d12タンパク質に結合する抗体薬物結合体(adc) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は仮特許出願ではなく、2010年9月29日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/387,933号からの優先権の恩典を主張する。本段落において列挙された、それぞれの出願の内容は参照により本明細書に完全に組み入れられる。
MPEP§1730 II.B.2(a)(C)において認可され、示されているように、USPTO EFS-WEBサーバを介した以下の配列表電子出願の全内容はその全体が、全ての目的のために参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。配列表は、以下のように、電子出願されたテキストファイル上で特定される。
該当なし
本明細書に記載の本発明は、191P4D12と称されるタンパク質に結合する抗体、その結合フラグメント、および抗体薬物結合体(ADC)に関する。本発明はさらに、191P4D12を発現する癌の処置において有用な、予後判定方法、予防方法および治療方法、ならびに組成物に関する。
癌は、冠動脈疾患に次いで第2の主要なヒトの死因である。世界中で、毎年何百万人もの人々が癌で亡くなっている。米国癌学会(American Cancer Society)によって報告されるように、米国内のみで、癌は、年間50万人を超える人々の死亡を引き起こし、1年に120万人を超える新規症例が診断されている。心疾患による死亡が大幅に減少している一方で、癌による死亡は概して増加している。次世紀の早い時期には、癌は第1の死因となることが予測される。
[本発明1001]
SEQ ID NO:7に示された重鎖可変領域相補性決定領域(CDR)のアミノ酸配列を有するCDRを含む重鎖可変領域およびSEQ ID NO:8に示された軽鎖可変領域CDRのアミノ酸配列を有するCDRを含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、191P4D12抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
[本発明1002]
SEQ ID NO:7の20番目のアミノ酸(グルタミン酸)〜136番目のアミノ酸(セリン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖可変領域およびSEQ ID NO:8の23番目のアミノ酸(アスパラギン酸)〜130番目のアミノ酸(アルギニン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖可変領域を含む、本発明1001の抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
[本発明1003]
SEQ ID NO:7の20番目のアミノ酸(グルタミン酸)〜466番目のアミノ酸(リジン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖およびSEQ ID NO:8の23番目のアミノ酸(アスパラギン酸)〜236番目のアミノ酸(システイン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含む、本発明1002の抗体。
[本発明1004]
Fab、F(ab')2、Fv、またはscfvフラグメントである、本発明1001または1002の抗原結合フラグメント。
[本発明1005]
完全ヒト抗体である、本発明1001または1002の抗体。
[本発明1006]
組換えにより産生された、本発明1001〜1005のいずれかの抗体。
[本発明1007]
American Type Culture Collection(ATCC)アクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖可変領域、およびATCCアクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖可変領域を含む、抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
[本発明1008]
ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の重鎖のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖、およびATCCアクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の軽鎖のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含む、本発明1007の抗体。
[本発明1009]
細胞傷害剤と結合体化された前記本発明のいずれかの抗体または抗原結合フラグメントを含む、抗体薬物結合体。
[本発明1010]
前記細胞傷害剤がモノメチルアウリスタチンEである、本発明1009の抗体薬物結合体。
[本発明1011]
癌治療において使用するための、本発明1009または本発明1010の抗体薬物結合体。
[本発明1012]
癌が膵臓癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、または乳癌である、本発明1011の抗体薬物結合体。
[本発明1013]
放射線または化学療法剤と組み合わせて癌治療において使用するための、本発明1009または本発明1010の抗体薬物結合体。
[本発明1014]
本発明1009または本発明1010の抗体薬物結合体をヒト用単位剤形で含む、薬学的組成物。
[本発明1015]
癌治療において使用するための、本発明1014の薬学的組成物。
[本発明1016]
癌が膵臓癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、または乳癌である、本発明1015の薬学的組成物。
[本発明1017]
本発明1009または本発明1010の抗体薬物結合体を対象に投与する工程を含む、対象において癌を治療するための方法。
節の概要
I.)定義
II.)191P4D12抗体
III.)抗体薬物結合体 総論
III(A).マイタンシノイド
III(B).アウリスタチンおよびドラスタチン
III(C).カリチアマイシン
III(D).他の細胞傷害剤
IV.)191P4D12に結合する抗体薬物結合体
V.)リンカーユニット
VI.)ストレッチャーユニット
VII.)アミノ酸ユニット
VIII.)スペーサーユニット
IX.)薬物ユニット
X.)薬物ローディング
XI)ADCの細胞傷害作用を確かめる方法
XII.)191P4D12を発現する癌の処置
XIII.)抗体ベースの療法の標的としての191P4D12
XIV.)191P4D12 ADCカクテル
XV.)併用療法
XVI.)キット/製造物品
特別の定義のない限り、本明細書において使用される全ての技術用語、記号、および他の科学用語もしくは専門用語は、本発明の属する当業者によって一般に理解される意味を有することが意図される。場合によっては、一般に理解される意味を有する用語が、明確さのため、および/またはすぐに参照するために本明細書において定義される。本明細書においてこのような定義を含めることは、当技術分野において一般に理解されるとの実質的な差異を示すと解釈しなければならないとは限らない。本明細書において記載または参照される技術および手順のうちの多くは、当業者によって十分に理解され、当業者によって従来の方法論、例えば、Sambrook et al.,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual 2nd.edition(1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,N.Yに記載される広く使用されている分子クローニング方法論を使用して一般的に使用される。適宜、一般的には、市販のキットおよび試薬の使用を含む手順が、特別の記載のない限りは製造業者が規定したプロトコールおよび/またはパラメーターに従って実行される。
代表的な「-(C1〜C8アルキレン)アリール」、「-(C2〜C8アルケニレン)アリール」、および「-(C2〜C8アルキニレン)アリール」基には、ベンジル、2-フェニルエタン-1-イル、2-フェニルエテン-1-イル、ナフチルメチル、2-ナフチルエタン-1-イル、2-ナフチルエテン-1-イル、ナフトベンジル、2-ナフトフェニルエタン-1-イルなどが含まれるが、これに限定されない。
本発明の別の局面は、191P4D12関連タンパク質に結合する抗体を提供する(図1を参照されたい)。1つの態様において、191P4D12関連タンパク質に結合する抗体は、SEQ ID NO.:2のアミノ酸配列を含む191P4D12タンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体である。SEQ ID NO.:2のアミノ酸配列を含む191P4D12タンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体には、他の191P4D12関連タンパク質に結合することができる抗体が含まれる。例えば、SEQ ID NO.:2のアミノ酸配列を含む191P4D12タンパク質に結合する抗体は、191P4D12変種およびそのホモログまたは類似体などの191P4D12関連タンパク質に結合することができる。
(a)重鎖可変領域は、図3に示した重鎖可変領域アミノ酸配列と少なくとも80%相同のアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ
(b)軽鎖可変領域は、図3に示した軽鎖可変領域アミノ酸配列と少なくとも80%相同のアミノ酸配列を含む。
(a)重鎖可変領域は、図3に示した重鎖可変領域CDRのアミノ酸配列を有する相補性決定領域(CDR)を含み、
(b)軽鎖可変領域は、図3に示した軽鎖可変領域CDRのアミノ酸配列を有するCDRを含む。
別の局面において、本発明は、抗体が、細胞傷害剤、例えば、化学療法剤、薬物、増殖阻害剤、毒素(例えば、細菌、真菌、植物、もしくは動物に由来する酵素活性を有する毒素、またはその断片)に結合体化している、あるいは放射性同位体に結合体化している(すなわち、放射性結合体(radioconjugate))、抗体薬物結合体(ADC)を提供する。別の局面において、さらに、本発明は、ADCを使用する方法を提供する。1つの局面において、ADCは、細胞傷害剤または検出可能な薬剤に共有結合した本明細書記載の191P4D12 MAbを含む。
マイタンシノイド薬物部分として使用するのに適したマイタンシン化合物は当技術分野において周知であり、公知の方法に従って天然源から単離することができ、または遺伝子工学法を用いて作製することができる(Yu et al (2002) PNAS 99:7968-7973を参照されたい)。または、公知の方法に従って、マイタンシノールおよびマイタンシノール類似体を合成により調製することができる。
一部の態様において、ADCは、ドラスタチンまたはドラスタチンのペプチド類似体および誘導体であるアウリスタチン(米国特許第5,635,483号;同第5,780,588号)と結合体化した本発明の抗体を含む。ドラスタチンおよびアウリスタチンは、微小管の動態、GTP加水分解、ならびに核分裂および細胞分裂を妨害することが示されており(Woyke et al (2001) Antimicrob. Agents and Chemother. 45(12):3580-3584)、抗癌活性 (US5,663,149) および抗真菌活性(Pettit et al (1998) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.42:2961-2965)を有する。ドラスタチンまたはアウリスタチン薬物部分は、ペプチド薬物部分のN(アミノ)末端またはC(カルボキシル)末端を介して抗体に取り付けることができる(WO02/088172)。
他の態様において、ADCは、1個または複数のカリチアマイシン分子と結合体化した本発明の抗体を含む。カリチアマイシン系抗生物質は、pM未満の濃度で二本鎖DNAを切断することができる。カリチアマイシン系の結合体の調製については、米国特許第5,712,374号、同第5,714,586号、同第5,739,116号、同第5,767,285号、同第5,770,701号、同第5,770,710号、同第5,773,001号、同第5,877,296号(全て、American Cyanamid Companyに対する)を参照されたい。使用することができるカリチアマイシンの構造類似体には、γ1 I、α2 I、α3 I、N-アセチル-γ1 I、PSAG、およびθI 1が含まれるが、これに限定されない(Hinman et al., Cancer Research 53:3336-3342 (1993)、Lode et al., Cancer Research 58:2925-2928 (1998)、およびAmerican Cyanamidに対する前記の米国特許)。抗体を結合体化することができる別の抗腫瘍薬物は、葉酸代謝拮抗剤であるQFAである。カリチアマイシンおよびQFAはいずれも細胞内作用部位を有し、原形質膜を容易に通過しない。従って、抗体を介した内部移行によって、これらの薬剤が細胞に取り込まれると、細胞傷害作用が大幅に高まる。
本発明の抗体と結合体化することができる他の抗癌剤には、BCNU、ストレプトゾイシン(streptozoicin)、ビンクリスチンおよび5-フルオロウラシル、米国特許第5,053,394号、同第5,770,710号に記載のLL-E33288複合体と総称される薬剤ファミリー、ならびにエスペラミシン(米国特許第5,877,296号)が含まれる。
本発明は、特に、薬物を標的送達するための抗体薬物結合体化合物を提供する。本発明者らは、この抗体薬物結合体化合物が、191P4D12発現細胞に対して強力な細胞傷害活性および/または細胞分裂阻害活性を有することを発見した。この抗体薬物結合体化合物は、少なくとも1つの薬物ユニットと共有結合した抗体ユニットを含む。薬物ユニットは直接、共有結合してもよく、リンカーユニット(LU)を介して共有結合してもよい。
L-(LU-D)P (I)
を有するか、その薬学的に許容される塩または溶媒和化合物であり、
式中、
Lは、抗体ユニット、例えば、本発明の191P4D12 MAbであり、
(LU-D)は、リンカーユニット-薬物ユニット部分であり、式中、
LU-はリンカーユニットであり、
-Dは、標的細胞に対する細胞分裂阻害活性または細胞傷害活性を有する薬物ユニットであり;
pは1〜20の整数である。
L-(Aa-Ww-Yy-D)p (II)
を有するか、その薬学的に許容される塩または溶媒和化合物であり、
式中、
Lは、抗体ユニット、例えば、191P4D12 MAbであり;
-Aa-WW-Yy-はリンカーユニット(LU)であり、式中、
-A-はストレッチャーユニットであり、
aは0または1であり、
それぞれの-W-は独立してアミノ酸ユニットであり、
wは0〜12の整数であり、
-Y-は自己犠牲(self-immolative)スペーサーユニットであり、
yは0、1、または2であり;
-Dは、標的細胞に対して細胞分裂阻害活性または細胞傷害活性を有する薬物ユニットであり;
pは1〜20の整数である。
典型的には、抗体薬物結合体化合物は、薬物ユニットと抗体ユニットとの間にリンカーユニットを含む。一部の態様では、細胞内環境においてリンカーが切断されると抗体から薬物ユニットが放出されるように、リンカーは細胞内条件下で切断可能である。さらに他の態様では、リンカーユニットは切断することができず、薬物は、例えば、抗体分解によって放出される。
-Aa-Ww-Yy-
を有し、式中、
-A-はストレッチャーユニットであり、
aは0または1であり、
それぞれの-W-は独立して、アミノ酸ユニットであり、
wは0〜12の整数であり、
-Y-は自己犠牲スペーサーユニットであり、
yは0、1、または2である。
ストレッチャーユニット(A)が存在すれば、ストレッチャーユニット(A)は、抗体ユニットを、アミノ酸ユニット(-W-)が存在すればアミノ酸ユニット(-W-)に、スペーサーユニット(-Y-)が存在すればスペーサーユニット(-Y-)に、または薬物ユニット(-D)に連結することができる。191P4D12 MAb(例えば、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1)に存在し得る有用な官能基には、天然のものでも化学操作を介したものでも、スルフヒドリル基、アミノ基、ヒドロキシル基、炭水化物のアノマーヒドロキシル基、およびカルボキシルが含まれるが、これに限定されない。適切な官能基はスルフヒドリルおよびアミノである。一例では、スルフヒドリル基は、191P4D12 MAbの分子内ジスルフィド結合を還元することによって作製することができる。別の態様において、スルフヒドリル基は、191P4D12 MAbのリジン部分のアミノ基を、2-イミノチオラン(Traut試薬)または他のスルフヒドリル生成試薬と反応させることによって作製することができる。ある特定の態様では、191P4D12 MAbは組換え抗体であり、1つまたは複数のリジンを有するように操作される。ある特定の他の態様では、組換え191P4D12 MAbは、さらなるスルフヒドリル基、例えば、さらなるシステインを有するように操作される。
アミノ酸ユニット(-W-)が存在する場合、スペーサーユニットが存在すれば、ストレッチャーユニットをスペーサーユニットに連結し、スペーサーユニットが存在しなければ、ストレッチャーユニットを薬物部分に連結し、ストレッチャーユニットおよびスペーサーユニットが存在しなければ、抗体ユニットを薬物ユニットに連結する。
である。
式中、R20およびR21は以下の通りである:
式中、R20、R21、およびR22は以下の通りである:
式中、R20、R21、R22、およびR23は以下の通りである:
スペーサーユニット(-Y-)が存在し、アミノ酸ユニットが存在する時には、スペーサーユニットはアミノ酸ユニットを薬物ユニットに連結する。または、アミノ酸ユニットが存在しない時には、スペーサーユニットはストレッチャーユニットを薬物ユニットに連結する。アミノ酸ユニットおよびストレッチャーユニットがいずれも存在しない時には、スペーサーユニットも薬物ユニットを抗体ユニットに連結する。
スキーム1
スキーム2
スキーム3
スキーム4
式中、Qは-C1〜C8アルキル、-C1〜C8アルケニル、-C1〜C8アルキニル、-O-(C1〜C8アルキル)、-O-(C1〜C8アルケニル)、-O-(C1〜C8アルキニル)、-ハロゲン、-ニトロ、または-シアノであり;mは0〜4の整数である。アルキル基、アルケニル基、およびアルキニル基は単独でも別の基の一部でも置換されてもよい。
薬物部分(D)は、任意の細胞傷害剤、細胞分裂阻害剤、または免疫調節剤(例えば、免疫抑制剤)でよい。Dは、スペーサーユニット、アミノ酸ユニット、ストレッチャーユニット、または抗体ユニットとの結合を形成することができる原子を有する薬物ユニット(部分)である。一部の態様において、薬物ユニットDは、スペーサーユニットとの結合を形成することができる窒素原子を有する。本明細書において使用される場合、「薬物ユニット」および「薬物部分」という用語は同義語であり、同義に用いられる。
のアウリスタチン、またはその薬学的に許容される塩もしくは溶媒和化合物型であり、
式中、独立して、それぞれの場所で、
波線は結合を示し;
R2は-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;
R3は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、-カルボサイクル、-C1〜C20アルキレン(カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(カルボサイクル)、-アリール、-C1〜C20アルキレン(アリール)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(アリール)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(アリール)、複素環、-C1〜C20アルキレン(複素環)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(複素環)、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレン(複素環)であり;
R4は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、カルボサイクル、-C1〜C20アルキレン(カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(カルボサイクル)、アリール、-C1〜C20アルキレン(アリール)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(アリール)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(アリール)、-複素環、-C1〜C20アルキレン(複素環)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(複素環)、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレン(複素環)であり;
R5は-Hもしくは-C1〜C8アルキルであり;または
R4およびR5は一緒になってカルボサイクル環を形成し、式-(CRaRb)sを有し、
式中、RaおよびRbは独立して、-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、もしくは-カルボサイクルであり、sは2、3、4、5、もしくは6であり;
R6は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;
R7は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、カルボサイクル、-C1〜C20アルキレン(カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(カルボサイクル)、-アリール、-C1〜C20アルキレン(アリール)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(アリール)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(アリール)、複素環、-C1〜C20アルキレン(複素環)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(複素環)、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレン(複素環)であり;
それぞれのR8は独立して、-H、-OH、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、-O-(C1〜C20アルキル)、-O-(C2〜C20アルケニル)、-O-(C1〜C20アルキニル)、もしくは-カルボサイクルであり;
R9は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;
R24は-アリール、-複素環、もしくは-カルボサイクルであり;
R25は-H、C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、-カルボサイクル、-O-(C1〜C20アルキル)、-O-(C2〜C20アルケニル)、-O-(C2〜C20アルキニル)、もしくはOR18であり、式中、R18は-H、ヒドロキシル保護基、もしくはOR18が=Oである場合、直接結合であり;
R26は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニル、-アリール、-複素環、もしくは-カルボサイクルであり;
R10は-アリールもしくは-複素環であり;
Zは-O、-S、-NH、もしくは-NR12であり、式中、R12は-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;
R11は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、-アリール、-複素環、-(R13O)m-R14、もしくは-(R13O)m-CH(R15)2であり;
mは1〜1000の整数であるか、またはm=1〜1000であり;
R13は-C2〜C20アルキレン、-C2〜C20アルケニレン、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレンであり;
R14は-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;
R15のそれぞれの出現は独立して、-H、-COOH、-(CH2)n-N(R16)2、-(CH2)n-SO3H、-(CH2)n-SO3-C1〜C20アルキル、-(CH2)n-SO3-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-(CH2)n-SO3-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;
R16のそれぞれの出現は独立して、-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、もしくは-(CH2)n-COOHであり;
nは0〜6の整数であり、
前記のアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、アルキニレン、アリール、カルボサイクル、および複素環ラジカルは単独でも別の基の一部でも置換されてもよい。
R2がC1〜C8アルキルであり;
R3、R4、およびR7が独立して、-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル、-C1〜C20アルキレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、C6〜C10アリール、-C1〜C20アルキレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(C6〜C10アリール)、複素環、-C1〜C20アルキレン(複素環)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(複素環)、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレン(複素環)より選択され、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、アルキニレン、カルボサイクル、アリール、および複素環ラジカルは置換されてもよく;
R5が-Hであり;
R6が-C1〜C8アルキルであり;
それぞれのR8は独立して、-OH、-O-(C1〜C20アルキル)、-O-(C2〜C20アルケニル)、もしくは-O-(C2〜C20アルキニル)より選択され、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、およびアルキニルラジカルは置換されてもよく;
R9が-Hもしくは-C1〜C8アルキルであり;
R24が、置換されてもよい-フェニルであり;
R25が-OR18であり、R18は、H、ヒドロキシル保護基、もしくはOR18が=Oである場合、直接結合であり;
R26が-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、もしくは-カルボサイクルより選択され、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、およびカルボサイクルラジカルは置換されてもよい、アウリスタチン
またはその薬学的に許容される塩型もしくは溶媒和化合物型を含む。
R2がメチルであり;
R3が-H、-C1〜C8アルキル、-C2〜C8アルケニル、もしくはC2〜C8アルキニルであり、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、およびアルキニルラジカルは置換されてもよく;
R4が-H、-C1〜C8アルキル、-C2〜C8アルケニル、-C2〜C8アルキニル、単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル、-C6〜C10アリール、-C1〜C8アルキレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C2〜C8アルケニレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C2〜C8アルキニレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C1〜C8アルキレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C8アルケニレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C8アルキニレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)であり、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、アルキニレン、アリール、およびカルボサイクルラジカルは単独でも別の基の一部でも、置換されてもよく;
R5が-Hであり;
R6がメチルであり;
R7が-C1〜C8アルキル、-C2〜C8アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C8アルキニルであり、それぞれのR8はメトキシであり;
R9が-Hもしくは-C1〜C8アルキルであり;
R24が-フェニルであり;
R25が-OR18であり、R18は、H、ヒドロキシル保護基、もしくはOR18が=Oである場合、直接結合であり;
R26がメチルである、アウリスタチン
またはその薬学的に許容される塩型を含む。
R2がメチルもしくはC1〜C3アルキルであり;
R3が-Hもしくは-C1〜C3アルキルであり;
R4が-C1〜C5アルキルであり;
R5がHであり;
R6がC1〜C3アルキルであり;
R7が-C1〜C5アルキルであり;
R8が-C1〜C3アルコキシであり;
R9が-Hもしくは-C1〜C8アルキルであり;
R24がフェニルであり;
R25が-OR18であり、R18は、-H、ヒドロキシル保護基、もしくはOR18が=Oである場合、直接結合であり;
R26が-C1〜C3アルキルである、アウリスタチン、
またはその薬学的に許容される塩型を含む。
R2がメチルであり;
R3、R4、およびR7が独立して、-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル、-C1〜C20アルキレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(単環式C3〜C6カルボサイクル)、-C6〜C10アリール、-C1〜C20アルキレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(C6〜C10アリール)、-C2〜C20アルキニレン(C6〜C10アリール)、複素環、-C1〜C20アルキレン(複素環)、-C2〜C20アルケニレン(複素環)、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレン(複素環)より選択され、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、アルキニレン、カルボサイクル、アリール、および複素環ラジカルは単独でも別の基の一部でも、置換されてもよく;
R5が-Hであり;
R6がメチルであり;
それぞれのR8がメトキシであり;
R9が-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり;前記のアルキル、アルケニル、およびアルキニルラジカルは置換されてもよく;
R10が、置換されてもよいアリールもしくは置換されてもよい複素環であり;
Zが-O-、-S-、-NH-、もしくは-NR12であり、R12は、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり、これらはそれぞれ置換されてもよく;
R11が-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、-アリール、-複素環、-(R13O)m-R14、もしくは-(R13O)m-CH(R15)2であり、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アリール、および複素環ラジカルは置換されてもよく;
mは1〜1000の整数であるか、もしくはm=0であり;
R13が-C2〜C20アルキレン、-C2〜C20アルケニレン、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニレンであり、これらはそれぞれ置換されてもよく;
R14が-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-C2〜C20アルキニルであり、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、およびアルキニルラジカルは置換されてもよく、
R15のそれぞれの出現は独立して、-H、-COOH、-(CH2)n-N(R16)2、-(CH2)n-SO3H、-(CH2)n-SO3-C1〜C20アルキル、-(CH2)n-SO3-C2〜C20アルケニル、もしくは-(CH2)n-SO3-C2〜C20アルキニルであり、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、およびアルキニルラジカルは置換されてもよく;
R16のそれぞれの出現は独立して、-H、-C1〜C20アルキル、-C2〜C20アルケニル、-C2〜C20アルキニル、もしくは-(CH2)n-COOHであり、前記のアルキル、アルケニル、およびアルキニルラジカルは置換されてもよく;
nは0〜6の整数である、アウリスタチン、
またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む。
を有するか、
またはその薬学的に許容される塩である。
薬物ローディングはpによって表され、分子内にある抗体1個あたりの薬物部分の数の平均である。薬物ローディングは、抗体1個あたり1〜20個の薬物部分(D)でもよい。本発明のADCは、1〜20個の範囲の薬物部分と結合体化した抗体が集まったものを含む。結合体化反応からのADC調製物中にある抗体1個あたりの薬物部分の数の平均は、質量分析およびELISAアッセイなどの従来手段によって特徴付けることができる。pに関するADCの定量分布も求めることができる。場合によっては、他の薬物ローディングを有するADCから、pがある特定の値の均一なADCを、電気泳動などの手段によって分離、精製、および特徴付けすることができる。
薬物または抗体薬物結合体が細胞に対して細胞分裂阻害作用および/または細胞傷害作用を発揮するかどうか確かめる方法は公知である。一般的に、抗体薬物結合体の細胞傷害活性または細胞分裂阻害活性は、細胞培地中で、抗体薬物結合体の標的タンパク質を発現する哺乳動物細胞を曝露する工程;約6時間〜約5日間、細胞を培養する工程;および細胞生存率を測定する工程によって測定することができる。細胞をベースとするインビトロアッセイを用いて、生存率(増殖)、細胞傷害性、および抗体薬物結合体のアポトーシス(カスパーゼ活性化)誘導を測定することができる。
限られたセットの組織において通常発現するが、表Iに列挙した癌のような癌においても発現するタンパク質として191P4D12を同定されたことは、このような癌の処置に対する多くの治療アプローチを切り開く。
191P4D12は、抗体ベースの治療戦略の魅力的な標的である。細胞外分子および細胞内分子の両方について多くの抗体の戦略が当技術分野で公知である(例えば、補体およびADCC媒介死滅ならびにイントラボディ(intrabody)の使用を参照のこと)。191P4D12は、対応する正常細胞に対して種々の系統の癌細胞において発現するので、非標的器官および非標的組織に免疫反応性組成物が結合することによって引き起こされる毒性の、非特異的なかつ/または非標的な影響を及ぼすことなく優れた感受性を示す、191P4D12免疫反応性組成物の全身投与が準備される。191P4D12のドメインと特異的に反応する抗体は、好ましくは毒素もしくは治療剤との抗体薬物結合体(すなわち、ADC)として、191P4D12発現癌を全身処置するために有用である。
本発明の治療法は、単一の191P4D12 ADC、および異なるMAb(すなわち、191P4D12 MAbまたは他のタンパク質に結合するMAb)の組み合わせ、すなわち、カクテルの投与を意図する。このようなMAbカクテルは、これらカクテルが、異なるエピトープを標的とするMAbを含むか、異なるエフェクター機構を利用するか、または免疫エフェクター機能に依存するMAbと細胞傷害性MAbを直接組み合わせる限りは、特定の利点を有し得る。このような組み合わされたMAbは相乗的治療効果を示し得る。さらに、191P4D12 MAbは、種々の化学療法剤および生物学的薬剤、アンドロゲンブロッカー、免疫モジュレーター(例えば、IL-2、GM-CSF)、外科手術または放射線を含むが、これに限定されない、他の治療様式と同時に投与することができる。好ましい態様において、191P4D12 MAbは、結合体化された形態で投与される。
一態様において、ヒト腫瘍を含む腫瘍が、化学療法剤または放射線またはこれらの組み合わせとともに191P4D12 ADCで処置される場合、相乗効果がある。言い換えると、191P4D12 ADCによる腫瘍増殖の阻害は、化学療法剤または放射線またはこれらの組み合わせと組み合わされる場合、予想よりも強くなる。相乗効果は、例えば、191P4D12 ADCのみの処置または191P4D12 ADCおよび化学療法剤または放射線による処置の相加効果から予想されるよりも大きな、組み合わせ処置による腫瘍増殖阻害により示され得る。好ましくは、相乗効果は、寛解が、191P4D12 ADCによる処置または191P4D12 ADCおよび化学療法剤もしくは放射線の付加的組み合わせによる処置から予想されない場合に、癌の寛解によって実証される。
本明細書中で記載される研究用途、予後判定用途、予防用途、診断用途および治療用途における使用のために、キットが本発明の範囲内に含まれる。このようなキットは、1つまたはそれ以上の容器、例えば、バイアル、チューブなどを収容するために区画化されたキャリア、包装、または容器を備えてもよい。各容器は、使用、例えば、本明細書中に記載される使用のための説明書を含むラベルまたは挿入物と一緒に、前記方法において使用される別個の要素の1つを含む。例えば、容器は、検出可能に標識される抗体または検出可能に標識することができる抗体を含んでもよい。キットは、薬物ユニットを含む容器を備えてもよい。キットは、図2もしくは図3におけるアミノ酸配列またはそれらのアナログ、あるいはこのようなアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸分子の全てまたは一部を含んでもよい。
191P4D12抗原
当技術分野において公知のサプレッションサブトラクティブハイブリダイゼーション(SSH)法を用いて191P4D12遺伝子配列を発見した。標準的な方法を用いて、9つの正常組織のプールに由来する膀胱腫瘍マイナスcDNAから、223bpの191P4D12 SSH配列を同定した。膀胱癌cDNAライブラリーから完全長191P4D12 cDNAクローンを単離した。このcDNAは長さが3464bpであり、510アミノ酸ORFをコードする(図1を参照されたい)。191P4D12遺伝子はネクチン-4遺伝子と相同性を示す。さらなる参照については、US2004/0083497(Agensys, Inc., Santa Monica, CA)およびPCT公報WO2004/016799(Agensys, Inc., Santa Monica, CA)を参照されたい。191P4D12抗原の例示的な態様については、図1を参照されたい。
191P4D12モノクローナル抗体(MAb)の作製
1つの態様において、191P4D12および191P4D12変種に対する治療用モノクローナル抗体(「MAb」)は、191P4D12または191P4D12変種に結合、内部移行し、191P4D12または191P4D12変種の生物学的機能を破壊または調節する、それぞれのタンパク質に特異的な、または変種間で共通する配列に特異的なエピトープと反応する抗体、例えば、リガンド、基質、および結合パートナーとの相互作用を破壊する抗体を含む。このようなMAbを作製するための免疫原には、細胞外ドメインまたは191P4D12タンパク質配列全体をコードまたは含有するように設計された免疫原、アミノ酸配列のコンピュータ分析から機能モチーフを含有すると予測された領域および抗原性があると予測された191P4D12タンパク質変種領域が含まれる。免疫原には、ペプチドおよび組換えタンパク質、例えば、tag5-191P4D12、精製された哺乳動物細胞由来Hisタグ化タンパク質が含まれる。さらに、マウスを免疫するために、高レベルの191P4D12、例えば、ラット1-191P4D12または300.19-191P4D12を発現するように操作された細胞が用いられる。
組換えDNA方法を用いたHa22-2(2,4)6.1発現
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbをトランスフェクト細胞において組換え発現させるために、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAb重鎖可変配列および軽鎖可変配列をそれぞれ、ヒト重鎖IgG1定常領域およびヒト軽鎖Igκ定常領域の上流にクローニングした。完全なHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbヒト重鎖カセットおよび軽鎖カセットを、クローニングベクターの中のCMVプロモーター/エンハンサーの下流にクローニングした。ポリアデニル化部位をMAbコード配列の下流に含めた。組換えHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAb発現構築物をCHO細胞にトランスフェクトした。組換え細胞から分泌されたHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbと細胞表面191P4D12との結合をフローサイトメトリーによって評価した(図5A)。ラット-コントロール細胞およびラット-191P4D12細胞を、ハイブリドーマまたはHa22-2(2,4)6.1重鎖ベクター構築物および軽鎖ベクター構築物によってトランスフェクトされたCHO細胞いずれかからのHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbによって染色した。フローサイトメトリーによって結合を検出した。
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbの抗体薬物結合体化
以下のプロトコールを用いて、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEと命名された本発明の抗体薬物結合体(ADC)を作り出すために、本明細書に記載のvc(Val-Cit)リンカーを用いて、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 Mab(図2)と、MMAE(式XI)と命名されたアウリスタチン誘導体を結合体化した。細胞傷害性vcMMAEを作り出すために、表IVに示した一般的方法を用いて、vc(Val-Cit)リンカーとMMAE(Seattle Genetics, Inc., Seattle, WA)との結合体化を完了した(米国特許第7,659,241号を参照されたい)。
を有する。
式中、MAbはHa22-2(2,4)6.1(図2および図3)であり、pは1〜8である。本実施例において示した抗体薬物結合体のp値は約3.8であった。
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの特徴付け
「Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbの抗体薬物結合体化」というタイトルの実施例に示した手順を用いて、191P4D12に結合する抗体薬物結合体を作製し、当技術分野において公知のアッセイの組み合わせを用いてスクリーニング、同定、および特徴付けを行った。
PC3-ヒト-191P4D12細胞の表面上に発現している191P4D12に対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの結合親和性、PC3-カニクイザル-191P4D12細胞の表面上に発現している191P4D12に対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの結合親和性、およびPC3-ラット-191P4D12細胞の表面上に発現している191P4D12に対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの結合親和性を試験した。簡単に述べると、最終濃度が160nM〜0.011nMの11(11)種類のHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAE希釈液を、それぞれの細胞タイプ(50,000個の細胞/ウェル)と4℃で一晩インキュベートした。インキュベーションの終わりに、細胞を洗浄し、抗hIgG-PE検出抗体と4℃で45分間インキュベートした。結合しなかった検出抗体を洗浄した後に、細胞をFACSによって分析する。図6〜8に列挙したように平均蛍光強度(MFI)値を得た。MFI値をGraphpad Prisimソフトウェアに入力し、Y=Bmax*X/(Kd+X)の1部位結合(one site binding)(双曲線)式を用いて分析して、図6〜8に示したHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAE飽和曲線を作成した。Bmaxは、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEと191P4D12との最大結合時のMFI値であり、Kdは、最大半量結合に達するのに必要なHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAE濃度であるHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAE結合親和性である。
精製された組換え191P4D12(ECDアミノ酸1〜348)に対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbおよびHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの親和性を表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)(BIAcore)によって行った。簡単に述べると、ヤギ抗ヒトFcγポリクローナルAb(Jackson Immuno Research Labs, Inc.)をCM5センサーチップ(Biacore)の表面に共有結合により固定した。次いで、精製されたHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbまたはHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEを前記チップの表面上に捕捉した。平均して、約300RUの試験Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbまたはHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEを各サイクルにおいて捕捉した。その後に、このような表面上に、1nM〜100nMにわたる一連の5〜6種類の組換え191P4D12(ECDアミノ酸1〜348)希釈液を注入して、BIAevaluation 3.2およびCLAMPソフトウェア(Myszka and Morton, 1998)を用いて処理され、1:1相互作用モデルに大域的(globally)にフィットされた結合曲線(センソグラム(sensogram))を作成した(図22)。表Vは、組換え191P4D12(ECDアミノ酸1〜348)に対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbおよびHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの会合速度定数および解離速度定数ならびに親和性をまとめたものである。
191P4D12タンパク質の特定のドメインに対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbの結合部位をマッピングするために、このようなドメイン(またはその組み合わせ)を発現する数種類のラット1(E)組換え細胞株を作製した(表VI)。標準的なプロトコールを用いて、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1と細胞表面との結合をFACSによって評価した。図10に示したように、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbはVC1ドメイン発現細胞ならびに野生型191P4D12に結合するが、C1C2ドメイン発現細胞に結合しない。さらに、Ha22-8e6.1と名付けられた別の191P4D12 MAbは、細胞表面上にある191P4D12 C1C2ドメインを認識するが、VC1ドメインを認識しない。このことは、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbの結合部位が191P4D12の1〜147aaドメインに位置するが、191P4D12に結合する全てのMAbがこのドメインを認識するとは限らないことを示唆する。
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEにより媒介される細胞傷害性
ヒト191P4D12、カニクイザル191P4D12、およびラット191P4D12を発現するように操作されたPC3細胞において、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEが191P4D12依存性細胞傷害性を媒介する能力を評価した。簡単に述べると、1日目に、PC3-Neo、PC3-ヒト-191P4D12細胞、PC3-カニクイザル-191P4D12細胞、またはPC3-ラット-191P4D12細胞(1500個の細胞/ウェル)を96ウェルプレートに播種した。翌日、示された濃度のHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEまたはvcMMAEと結合体化したコントロールMAb(すなわち、コントロール-vcMMAE)を含有する等量の培地を各ウェルに添加した。細胞を37℃で4日間インキュベートした。インキュベーション期間の終わりに、Alamar Blueを各ウェルに添加し、インキュベーションをさらに4時間続けた。励起波長620nmおよび発光波長540nmでBiotekプレートリーダーを用いて、結果として生じた蛍光を検出した。
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEはインビボで腫瘍成長を阻害する
腫瘍組織細胞表面上でのかなりの191P4D12発現と正常組織における限定的な191P4D12発現のために191P4D12は抗体療法の優れた標的であり、同じようにADCを介した療法の優れた標的でもある。従って、ヒト膀胱癌、肺癌、乳癌、および膵臓癌異種移植片マウスモデルにおけるHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEの治療効力を評価する。
「191P4D12モノクローナル抗体(MAb)の作製」というタイトルの実施例に記載のように、191P4D12に対してモノクローナル抗体を産生した。さらに、「Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbの抗体薬物結合体化」というタイトルの実施例に記載のように、このMAbを毒素と結合体化して、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEを形成した。Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEが191P4D12に結合する能力を確かめるために、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEをFACSおよび当技術分野において公知の他の方法によって特徴付けた。
BT-483およびHPAC細胞は、当技術分野において公知のようにL-グルタミンおよび10%FBSを添加したDMEM中で維持した。AG-B8、AG-Panc4、AG-Panc2、AG-B1、AG-L4、およびAG-Panc3異種移植片はSCIDマウスにおける連続増殖によって維持した。
本実験では、患者由来肺癌異種移植片AG-L4 をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、酵素消化して単一細胞懸濁液にした。200万個の細胞をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。次いで、動物を7つの群:6つの191P4D12抗体治療群およびコントロール抗体H3-1.10.1.2群(n=10)に無作為に割り当てた。研究が終了するまで、全ての抗体を週2回、750μg/動物で腹腔内投与した。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
別の実験では、ヒト膵臓癌HPAC細胞(200万個/マウス)をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に注射した。次いで、動物を8つの群:7つの191P4D12抗体治療群およびコントロール抗体H3-1.4.1.2群(n=10)に無作為に割り当てた。研究が終了するまで、全ての抗体を週2回、500μg/動物で腹腔内投与した。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
別の実験では、患者由来膵臓癌異種移植片AG-Panc3をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。6つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。次いで、動物を以下のコホート(n=10):2つの191P4D12 MAb治療群およびコントロール抗体H3-1.4.1.2群に無作為に割り当てた。研究が終了するまで、全ての抗体を週2回、500μg/動物で腹腔内投与した。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
別の実験では、患者由来肺癌異種移植片AG-L13をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。6つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。腫瘍が200mm3のおおよその体積に達するまで、未治療の状態で腫瘍を成長させた。10mg/kgのHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEおよびコントロールADCを、7日ごとに2回投与するために静脈内大量瞬時投与によって投与した。投与されたADCの量は、投与直前に得られたそれぞれの動物の個々の体重に基づいた。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
本実験では、ヒト乳癌BT-483細胞を用いてストック異種移植片を作製した。ストック異種移植片をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。6つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。腫瘍が100mm3のおおよその体積に達するまで、未治療の状態で腫瘍を成長させた。5mg/kgのHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEおよびコントロールADCを、4日ごとに4回投与するために静脈内大量瞬時投与によって投与した。投与されたADCの量は、投与直前に得られたそれぞれの動物の個々の体重に基づいた。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
別の実験では、患者由来膀胱癌異種移植片AG-B1をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。6つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。腫瘍が230mm3のおおよその体積に達するまで、未治療の状態で腫瘍を成長させた。4mg/kgのHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEおよびコントロールADCを静脈内大量瞬時投与によって1回投与した。投与されたADCの量は、投与直前に得られたそれぞれの動物の個々の体重に基づいた。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
別の実験では、患者由来膵臓癌異種移植片AG-Panc2をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。5つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。腫瘍が100mm3のおおよその体積に達するまで、未治療の状態で腫瘍を成長させた。5mg/kgのHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEおよびコントロールADCを、4日ごとに4回投与するために静脈内大量瞬時投与によって投与した。投与されたADCの量は、投与直前に得られたそれぞれの動物の個々の体重に基づいた。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
別の実験では、患者由来膵臓癌異種移植片AG-Panc4をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。6つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。5mg/kgのHa22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEおよびコントロールADCを、7日ごとに3回投与するために静脈内大量瞬時投与によって投与した。投与されたADCの量は、投与直前に得られたそれぞれの動物の個々の体重に基づいた。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
本実験では、患者由来膀胱癌異種移植片AG-B8をSCIDマウス中で連続継代することによって維持した。ストック腫瘍を無菌的に収集し、1mm3の細片に切り刻んだ。6つの細片をSCIDマウス一匹一匹の側腹部に移植した。腫瘍が200mm3のおおよその体積に達するまで、未治療の状態で腫瘍を成長させた。次いで、動物を以下の3つのコホート(n=6):2つのHa22-2(2,4)6.1-vcMMAE治療群およびコントロールADC VCD37-5ce5p-vcMMAE群に無作為に割り当てた。Ha22-2(2,4)6.1-vcMMAEを5mg/kgまたは10mg/kgで投与し、コントロールADCを5mg/kgで与えた。全てのADCを静脈内大量瞬時投与によって1回投与した。投与されたADCの量は、投与直前に得られたそれぞれの動物の個々の体重に基づいた。3〜4日ごとにカリパス測定を用いて腫瘍成長をモニタリングした。腫瘍体積を幅2x長さ/2として計算した。幅は最も短い寸法であり、長さは最も長い寸法である。
要約すると、図12〜20は、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEと名付けられた191P4D12 ADCが、191P4D12を発現する腫瘍細胞の増殖をコントロールADCと比較して有意に阻害したことを示している。従って、Ha22-2(2,4)6.1vcMMAEは、表Iに示した癌を治療および管理するために治療目的で使用することができる。
191P4D12 ADCを用いてヒトの癌腫を処置および診断するためのヒト臨床試験
191P4D12に特異的に結合する191P4D12 ADCを本発明に従って使用し、特定の腫瘍、好ましくは、表Iに列挙した腫瘍の処置において使用した。これらの指標の各々と関連して、2つの臨床的アプローチを、首尾よく実行する。
投薬レジメンを、最適な所望の応答をもたらすように調整することができる。例えば、単一のボーラスを投与してもよく、いくつかの分割用量を、ある期間にわたって投与してもよく、またはその用量は、治療状況の難局により示されるように、比例して減少または増加してもよい。投与の容易さおよび投薬の均一性のために単位剤形で非経口組成物を処方することが特に有利である。本明細書中で使用される場合、単位剤形態とは、処置される哺乳動物対象に対する単一の投薬として適した物理的に分離した単位をいう。所定の量の活性化合物を含む各単位は、必要とされる薬学的担体と関係して所望の治療効果をもたらすように算出される。本発明の単位剤形の仕様は、(a)その抗体および/またはADCの特有の特徴および達成される特定の治療効果または予防効果、ならびに(b)個体における処置の感受性に関する、このような活性化合物を配合する分野に固有の制限によって決められ、それらに直接依存する。
CDPは、補助的療法または単独療法に関連した191P4D12 ADCによる処置を追求し、開発する。試験は最初に安全性を証明し、その後、反復投与での効力を確認する。試験は、標準的な化学療法と191P4D12 ADCを加えた標準的な療法とを比較する非盲検である。認識される通り、患者の登録に関して利用することができる1つの非限定的な基準は、生検によって決定されるような、患者の腫瘍における191P4D12の発現レベルである。
IHCによる癌患者標本における191P4D12タンパク質の検出
免疫組織化学によって、191P4D12タンパク質発現を(i)膀胱癌患者、(ii)乳癌患者、(iii)膵臓癌患者、(iv)肺癌患者、(v)卵巣癌患者、(vi)食道患者、および(vii)頭頚部患者に由来する患者腫瘍標本において試験した。簡単に述べると、ホルマリン固定、パラフィンろう包埋した組織を4ミクロン切片に切断し、ガラススライドの上にのせた。切片を脱ろうし、再水和し、EZ-Retrieverマイクロウェーブ(Biogenex, San Ramon, CA)の中に入れてEDTA抗原賦活化溶液(Biogenex, San Ramon, CA)によって95℃で30分間処理した。次いで、内因性ペルオキシダーゼ活性を不活性化するために、切片を3%過酸化水素溶液によって処理した。無血清タンパク質ブロック(Dako, Carpenteria,CA)を用いて非特異的結合を阻害した後に、モノクローナルマウス抗191P4D12抗体またはアイソタイプコントロールとインキュベートした。その後に、Super Enhancer(商標)試薬中でのインキュベーションとその後のポリマー-HRP二次抗体結合体(BioGenex, San Ramon, CA)とのインキュベーションからなるSuper Sensitive(商標)Polymer-horseradish peroxidase(HRP) Detection Systemによって切片を処理した。次いで、切片を、DABキット(BioGenex, San Ramon, CA)を用いて発色させた。核をヘマトキシリンを用いて染色し、明視野顕微鏡観察によって分析した。茶色染色によって示されたように、191P4D12免疫反応性抗体を用いて患者標本において特異的染色が検出された(図21(A)、21(C)、21(E)、21(G)、21(I)、21(K)、および21(M)を参照されたい)。対照的に、コントロール抗体はどちらの患者標本も染色しなかった(図21(B)、21(D)、21(F)、21(H)、21(J)、21(L)、および21(N)を参照されたい)。
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1 MAbの結合エピトープの決定
Ha22-2(2,4)6.1とヒト、カニクイザル、ラット、およびマウスに由来する191P4D12タンパク質との交差反応性を確かめるために、これらのオルソログをPC3細胞株において組換えにより過剰発現させた。Ha22-2(2,4)6.1は191P4D12のカニクイザルオルソログおよびラットオルソログと強く交差反応することが示された(図23)。EC50結合値を表VIIに示した。Ha22-2(2,4)6.1とマウスオルソログとの結合は結合EC50値の有意な低下を示す。このことから、(ヒト配列およびラット配列と比較した)Vドメインにおける重要なアミノ酸置換は191P4D12に対するHa22-2(2,4)6.1の親和性に影響を及ぼしたことが分かる。
191P4D12(aa1〜150, 347〜510)
結腸
膵臓
卵巣
乳房
肺
膀胱
GCG Software 9.0 BLOSUM62アミノ酸置換行列(ブロック置換行列)から編集。値が大きければ大きいほど、関連する天然タンパク質において置換が見つかる可能性は高くなる。
Claims (17)
- SEQ ID NO:7に示された重鎖可変領域相補性決定領域(CDR)のアミノ酸配列を有するCDRを含む重鎖可変領域およびSEQ ID NO:8に示された軽鎖可変領域CDRのアミノ酸配列を有するCDRを含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、191P4D12抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- SEQ ID NO:7の20番目のアミノ酸(グルタミン酸)〜136番目のアミノ酸(セリン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖可変領域およびSEQ ID NO:8の23番目のアミノ酸(アスパラギン酸)〜130番目のアミノ酸(アルギニン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖可変領域を含む、請求項1記載の抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- SEQ ID NO:7の20番目のアミノ酸(グルタミン酸)〜466番目のアミノ酸(リジン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖およびSEQ ID NO:8の23番目のアミノ酸(アスパラギン酸)〜236番目のアミノ酸(システイン)の範囲のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含む、請求項2記載の抗体。
- Fab、F(ab')2、Fv、またはscfvフラグメントである、請求項1または2記載の抗原結合フラグメント。
- 完全ヒト抗体である、請求項1または2記載の抗体。
- 組換えにより産生された、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の抗体。
- American Type Culture Collection(ATCC)アクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の重鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖可変領域、およびATCCアクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖可変領域を含む、抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- ATCCアクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の重鎖のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖、およびATCCアクセッション番号PTA-11267で寄託されたハイブリドーマによって産生された抗体の軽鎖のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含む、請求項7記載の抗体。
- 細胞傷害剤と結合体化された前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の抗体または抗原結合フラグメントを含む、抗体薬物結合体。
- 前記細胞傷害剤がモノメチルアウリスタチンEである、請求項9記載の抗体薬物結合体。
- 癌治療において使用するための、請求項9または請求項10記載の抗体薬物結合体。
- 癌が膵臓癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、または乳癌である、請求項11記載の抗体薬物結合体。
- 放射線または化学療法剤と組み合わせて癌治療において使用するための、請求項9または請求項10記載の抗体薬物結合体。
- 請求項9または請求項10記載の抗体薬物結合体をヒト用単位剤形で含む、薬学的組成物。
- 癌治療において使用するための、請求項14記載の薬学的組成物。
- 癌が膵臓癌、肺癌、膀胱癌、または乳癌である、請求項15記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項9または請求項10記載の抗体薬物結合体を対象に投与する工程を含む、対象において癌を治療するための方法。
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