JP2020090614A - 樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた成形体 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020090614A JP2020090614A JP2018228752A JP2018228752A JP2020090614A JP 2020090614 A JP2020090614 A JP 2020090614A JP 2018228752 A JP2018228752 A JP 2018228752A JP 2018228752 A JP2018228752 A JP 2018228752A JP 2020090614 A JP2020090614 A JP 2020090614A
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- heterocyclic compound
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-e][1]benzothiole Chemical group C1=C2SC=CC2=C2C=CSC2=C1 CRUIOQJBPNKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CPWJKGIJFGMVPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K tricesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CPWJKGIJFGMVPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001834 xanthenyl group Chemical group C1=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3C(C12)* 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、従来技術では成形体としての強度と耐熱性とが両方とも不十分であり、少なくともどちらかが改善されている樹脂組成物が求められている。
前記樹脂組成物が、ガラス転移温度を境界として、弾性強度が異なる挙動を発現することを特徴とする樹脂組成物。
高温時は、樹脂と化合物の分子運動がそれぞれ活発になる。樹脂のみの場合よりも、樹脂鎖間に化合物が入り込んでいるときのほうが、樹脂同士の相互作用が小さくなり、運動が大きくなるので、比較的低温でも軟化し熱成形性が高まる。したがって、本発明の樹脂組成物は、熱可塑性樹脂と複素環化合物を用いることで、熱成形時の温度が低い汎用3Dプリンターでも容易に成形できるものと推察される。
弾性率に寄与する因子は、高分子の結晶化、極性基同士の相互作用(極性基を有する樹脂に対して)、自由体積を埋めること、化合物そのものの剛直性、化合物そのものの平面性等が挙げられる。特に、本発明の場合、弾性率への影響度は、熱可塑性樹脂及び複素環化合物の極性基同士の相互作用と熱可塑性樹脂及び複素環化合物そのものの剛直性の両者の寄与が高いと考えている。
複素環化合物の分子量がある程度大きいほうが、化合物自体の分解が起こりづらい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、極性基を有する熱可塑性樹脂と、二つ以上のヘテロ原子を含む複素環化合物とを含有する樹脂組成物であって、前記樹脂組成物が、ガラス転移温度を境界として、弾性強度が異なる挙動を発現することを特徴とする。
本発明に係る熱可塑性樹脂は、極性基を有することが特徴であり、芳香族ポリカーボネート、シクロオレフィン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、セルロースエステル又はアクリル樹脂であることが好ましい。
本発明では、種々の公知のポリカーボネート樹脂も使用することができる。本発明においては、特に芳香族ポリカーボネートを用いることが好ましい。当該芳香族ポリカーボネートについて特に制約はなく、所望する樹脂組成物の諸特性が得られる芳香族ポリカーボネートであれば特に制約はない。
3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)プロパン、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2−フェニルエタン、2,2
−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフロロプロパン、ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)ジフェニルメタン、ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)サルファイド、ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン、1,1−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン等を挙げることができる。
本発明では、クロオレフィンを用いることが好ましい。以下、シクロオレフィンは「シクロオレフィン系重合体」として説明する。
(2)ノルボルネン系単量体とそれと開環共重合可能な共重合性単量体との開環共重合体
(3)上記(1)又は(2)の開環(共)重合体の水素添加物
(4)上記(1)又は(2)の開環(共)重合体をフリーデルクラフツ反応により環化した後、水素添加した(共)重合体
(5)ノルボルネン系単量体と不飽和二重結合含有化合物との付加共重合体
(6)ノルボルネン系単量体のビニル系環状炭化水素単量体との付加共重合体及びその水素添加物
(7)ノルボルネン系単量体と(メタ)アクリレートとの付加共重合体
(1)〜(7)の重合体は、いずれも公知の方法、例えば特開2008−107534号公報や特開2005−227606号公報に記載の方法で得ることができる。例えば、(2)の開環共重合に用いる触媒や溶媒は、特開2008−107534号公報の段落0019〜0024に記載のものを使用できる。(3)及び(6)の水素添加に用いる触媒は、特開2008−107534号公報の段落0025〜0028に記載のものを使用できる。(4)のフリーデルクラフツ反応に用いる酸性化合物は、特開2008−107534号公報の段落0029に記載のものを使用できる。(5)〜(7)の付加重合に用いる触媒は、例えば特開2005−227606号公報の段落0058〜0063を使用できる。(7)の交互共重合反応は、特開2005−227606号公報の段落0071及び0072に記載の方法で行うことができる。
本発明に係るポリエステルは、多価カルボン酸とポリアルコールとの重縮合体であり、主鎖の繰り返し単位中にエステル結合(−CO−O−)をもつ重縮合体の総称である。
本発明に用いることができるセルロースエステルは、セルロース(ジ、トリ)アセテート、セルロースプロピオネート、セルロースブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートフタレート、及びセルロースフタレートから選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
式(II) 0≦X≦2.5
さらに、本発明で用いられるセルロースエステルは、重量平均分子量Mw/数平均分子量Mn比が1.5〜5.5のものが好ましく用いられ、特に好ましくは2.0〜5.0であり、さらに好ましくは2.5〜5.0であり、さらに好ましくは3.0〜5.0のセルロースエステルが好ましく用いられる。
カラム:Shodex K806,K805,K803G(昭和電工(株)製を3本接続して使用した)
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度: 0.1質量%
検出器:RI Model 504(GLサイエンス社製)
ポンプ:L6000(日立製作所(株)製)
流量:1.0ml/min
校正曲線:標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=1000000〜500迄の13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔に得ることが好ましい。
本発明に用いることができるアクリル樹脂には、メタクリル樹脂も含まれる。樹脂としては特に制限されるものではないが、メチルメタクリレート単位50〜99質量%、及びこれと共重合可能な他の単量体単位1〜50質量%からなるものが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、前記極性基を有する熱可塑性樹脂と、二つ以上のヘテロ原子を含む複素環化合物とを含有することが特徴である。
各種樹脂添加剤としては、熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、離型剤、紫外線吸収剤、染顔料、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、防曇剤、滑剤・アンチブロッキング剤、流動性改良剤、可塑剤、分散剤、防菌剤などが挙げられる。これらは2種以上を併用してもよい。以下、本発明の樹脂組成物に好適な添加剤の一例について具体的に説明する。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、例えば、混合機を使用して前記の各成分を混合した後、溶融混練することによって製造することができる。混合機としては、バンバリーミキサー、ロ−ル、ブラベンダ−等が使用され、溶融混練には、単軸混練押出機、二軸混練押出機、ニ−ダ−等が使用される。また、各成分を予め混合せずに、又は、一部の成分のみ予め混合してフィーダーで押出機に供給して溶融混練する方法も採用できる。特に、本発明に係る極性基を有する化合物成分を他の成分を混合せずにフィーダーで押出機に供給して溶融混練する方法は、押出作業性の点で好ましい。
〔5〕用途
本発明の樹脂組成物は、透明性、高剛性、耐熱性に優れているという特長がある。この様な特長を有する本発明の樹脂組成物は、成形体として幅広い分野に使用することが可能であり、電気・電子機器やその部品、OA機器、情報端末機器、機械部品、家電製品、車輌用部材、医療用器具、建築部材、各種容器、レジャー用品・雑貨類、照明機器などの各種用途に有用であり、特に電気・電子機器、車輌用部材及び医療用器具への適用が期待できる。
[熱可塑性樹脂]
PC:ポリカーボネート 三菱エンジニアリング−プラスティック(株)
ユーピロンS−3000(登録商標) 重量平均分子量45000、ガラス転移温度149℃
ユーピロンH−4000(登録商標) 重量平均分子量33000、ガラス転移温度146℃
塩ビ:信越PVCストレートポリマーTK1300、平均重合度1300、ガラス転移温度87℃
COP:シクロオレフィン樹脂 JSR(株)製ARTON(登録商標)G7810
重量平均分子量140000、 ガラス転移温度168℃
PET:ポリエチレンテレフタレート ユニチカ社製、MA−2101M、固有粘度=0.62dl/g、ガラス転移温度70℃
CAP:セルロースアセテートプロピオネート:イーストマンケミカルジャパン(株)製 CAP482−20、重量平均分子量220000、ガラス転移温度138℃
セルロースエステル1:アセチル基置換度1.63、プロピオニル基置換度1.21、総アシル基置換度2.84、重量平均分子量230000、ガラス転移温度145℃
なお、アセチル基、プロピオニル基及び総アシル基の置換度の測定方法はASTM−D817−96の規定に準じて測定した。
アクリル:BR85(三菱レイヨン社製)、重量平均分子量280000、ガラス転移温度105℃
なお、重量平均分子量はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィーを用いて測定し、ガラス転移温度(Tg)は、JIS K7121に基づいて、示差走査熱量分析法(DSC)により測定した。また、固有粘度は特開2013−67749号公報の段落〔0024〕〜〔0026〕に記載の方法に基づき、測定した。
下記方法にしたがって樹脂組成物No.1の混練物を調製し、さらに溶融流延製膜法により表Iに記載の樹脂組成物No.1を用いたフィルム1を作製した。
樹脂組成物No.1の調製において、ポリカーボネート樹脂ユーピロンS−3000の代わりに、ポリカーボネート樹脂ユーピロンH−4000を用いた以外は同様にして、樹脂組成物No.2及びそれを用いたフィルムNo.2を得た。
樹脂組成物No.1の調製において、添加剤としてメタターフェニル(新日鐵化学社製)を熱可塑性樹脂に対して20質量%加えた以外は同様にして、樹脂組成物No.3及びそれを用いたフィルムNo.3を得た。
樹脂組成物No.1の調製において、添加剤として化合物1を熱可塑性樹脂に対して20質量%加えた以外は同様にして、樹脂組成物No.4及びそれを用いたフィルムNo.4を得た。
樹脂組成物No.1の調製において、添加剤としてフェノキサジン(パラ位に極性基を有する化合物)を熱可塑性樹脂に対して20質量%加えた以外は同様にして、樹脂組成物No.5及びそれを用いたフィルムNo.5を得た。
樹脂組成物No.1の調製において、表Iに記載の熱可塑性樹脂及び添加剤を用いた以外は同様にして、樹脂組成物No.6〜No.20及びそれを用いたフィルムNo.6〜20を得た。
得られたフィルムNo.1〜No.20を用いて、下記評価を実施した。
(1)3Dプリンター適性
150℃に熱したホットプレート上に、5cm角に切り出したフィルムをのせ、フィルムの形状を観察した。
(2)強度(引張り弾性率)
光学フィルムを100mm(MD方向)×10mm(TD方向)のサイズに切り出して、試験片を得た。
引張り弾性率は、2.40以上が好ましく、2.60以上がより好ましい。
(3)耐熱性(成形時のガス発生)
示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(TG/DTA)を用い、試料パンに50mgのサンプルを設定し、300℃で加熱した時の重量減少を確認した。装置は、日立ハイテクサイエンス社製STA7200RVを用いた。単位は質量%であり、値が小さい程、熱分解性が小さく成形時のガス発生が少ない。
重量減少率(質量%)の値は、85未満であれば好ましく、50以下であればより好ましく、30以下であればさらに好ましい。
具体的には、複素環化合物を含む樹脂組成物の中で、熱可塑性樹脂が極性基を有しない樹脂組成物(例えば樹脂組成物No.12)や、複素環化合物がヘテロ原子を2以上有しない樹脂組成物(例えば樹脂組成物No.3)では、引張強度が低いのに対して、ヘテロ原子を2以上有する複素環化合物を含む樹脂組成物は、引張強度が向上した。
また、複素環化合物がヘテロ原子を2以上有する樹脂組成物の中でも、一つの環の骨格内に互いにメタ位に位置するヘテロ原子を有し、かつ分子量が183を超えるものは、引張強度が更に高く重量減少も更に少なく、引張強度及び耐熱性ともに優れているため、特に好ましい。
Claims (8)
- 極性基を有する熱可塑性樹脂と、二つ以上のヘテロ原子を含む複素環化合物とを含有する樹脂組成物であって、
前記樹脂組成物が、ガラス転移温度を境界として、弾性強度が異なる挙動を発現することを特徴とする樹脂組成物。 - 前記複素環化合物が、2環以上の縮環化合物であり、かつ、少なくとも一つの環の骨格内の互いにパラ位の位置に、窒素原子(N)、酸素原子(O)及び硫黄原子(S)のいずれかの原子を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記極性基が、ハロゲン原子、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アミノ基、アミド基、又はシアノ基のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記複素環化合物が、キノキサリン構造、プラジカンテル構造、又はメキタジン構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記複素環化合物の分子量が、183を超えることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、芳香族ポリカーボネート、シクロオレフィン、ポリエステル、セルロースエステル又はアクリル樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記複素環化合物の添加量が、前記熱可塑性樹脂に対して1〜20質量%の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項6までのいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物を用いたことを特徴とする成形体。
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US20200181401A1 (en) | 2020-06-11 |
CN111363332B (zh) | 2023-04-18 |
CN111363332A (zh) | 2020-07-03 |
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