JP2014534894A - 土壌燻蒸用光触媒フィルム - Google Patents
土壌燻蒸用光触媒フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014534894A JP2014534894A JP2014527722A JP2014527722A JP2014534894A JP 2014534894 A JP2014534894 A JP 2014534894A JP 2014527722 A JP2014527722 A JP 2014527722A JP 2014527722 A JP2014527722 A JP 2014527722A JP 2014534894 A JP2014534894 A JP 2014534894A
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- Prior art keywords
- photocatalytic film
- film
- layer
- polymer
- photocatalytic
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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- LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound CN=C=S LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
Description
ii)接着によって現場でストリップを貼り合わせることができる表面状態のフィルム
b)溶けた、または顆粒の形でその後に溶かす第2のポリマーマトリックス(特性は、第1のポリマーマトリックスと同一または異なり、同一であることが好ましい。)の中に、ステップa)において得られた上記顆粒を最終的に調製されるポリマーに対して重量で約5%から約50%、好ましくは約5%から約30%の量を取り込むことによって、ステップa)において得られたマスターバッチの顆粒から光触媒フィルムを調製する。
a)先に定義した少なくとも1つのポリマー層(1)および
b)上記の少なくとも1つの燻蒸剤の蒸気を透過させず、紫外線放射を透過させる第2のポリマーフィルム(2)の層を少なくとも1つ含む。
・1つまたは複数のラクタム、例えば、カプロラクタム、エナントラクタムおよび/またはラウリルラクタムなど
・1つまたは複数のジアミン、場合により塩の形のジアミン、例えば、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ドデカメチレンジアミン、メタキシリレンジアミン、ビス−パラ−アミノシクロヘキシルメタンおよび/またはトリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミンと、例えば、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸およびドデカンジカルボン酸から選ばれた1つまたは複数の二酸
・コポリアミドを生じるこれらのモノマーの混合物
ポリアミドおよび/またはコポリアミドの混合物を用いることが可能である。
−b)層(1)と層(2)との間での「相溶」層または「カップリング」層(C)の利用。これらは、共押出による結合剤と理解することができる。
式中、Rは1から4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルおよびアルケニルラジカルから選ばれ、nは0、1または2に等しく、xは0から4の限界値を含む範囲の値を取り、R’は1から4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルおよびアルケニルラジカルから選ばれ、またはn=x=0のときのみ、R’は水素原子またはアルカリ金属原子を表すことができる。
式中、RおよびR’は同一でも異なっていてもよいが、同一であるほうが好ましく、それぞれ互いに無関係にアルキルラジカルまたはアルケニルラジカル、好ましくは1から4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルを表し、xは1、2、3または4である。
a)マスターバッチの調製
マイクロ押出機(DSM Research製ミクロ15型二軸スクリュー)を使用する。チャンバーの容量は15mlで6つの加熱ゾーン(最高温度:350℃)があり、スクリュー回転速度は毎分1−250回転になりうる。空気下で、または水回路の使用により冷却することができる。
運転条件は、マスターバッチの調製と同じである。即ち運転温度は235℃、平均溶融温度は約224℃、2つの共回転スクリューの速度設定は毎分200回転、「対」が安定した後のブレンド時間は5分である。
さまざまな種類のフィルムの有効性は、紫外線放射に対して透明な0.35L耐漏洩パイレックス(登録商標)反応容器中でDMDSを用いて試験する。農地での実際の条件を再現するため、相対湿度は90%、温度は45℃とする。フィルムは、反応容器の壁と上部窓の間で遮り、活性層を反応容器の底に向ける。フィルムは、パイレックスの窓を通して上から照射する。
試験するフィルムはポリエチレン(PE)の単層フィルムで、相対湿度86%、温度45℃、DMDS濃度10114ppmvにおいて厚さは50μm、TiO2は重量で1.3%入っている。6日間の照射後、DMDS濃度が直線的に30%減少するのが測定される。
この試験では、全体の厚さが45μmで、以下からなる3層のフィルム(図3による。)を用いる。
試験2で用いたフィルムを別の試験で使用する。試験温度は45℃に設定し、相対湿度は90%、DMDSの初期濃度は25500ppmvである。今回の試験は、1.9太陽に相当する照射で行う。1.9太陽の場合、1太陽の場合と比べてフィルム下のDMDS残留濃度が、より急速に減少するのが確認される。この結果は明らかに、フィルムの光触媒効果を示すものである。
試験は、厚さ50μmの活性層にTiO2を3.3%含む、全体の厚さが80μmのVIF−TiO2フィルムで実施する。条件は、1.9太陽、相対湿度90%、温度45℃、DMDS濃度25500ppmvである。
上の試験4で記載したように、再度試験を行う。今回は全体の厚さが80μmで、厚さが50μmのPEの活性層に重量で1.3%のTiO2が入っているVIF−TiO2フィルムを用いる。相対湿度は90%、温度は45℃、DMDSの濃度は25500ppmvである。
VIF/TiO2フィルム(Orevac(登録商標)−TiO2マスターバッチで調製したフィルム)、相対湿度90%、温度45℃、TiO2量4.5%。フィルムは活性PE層の15μmを含めた全体の厚さが45μm。DMDS濃度32mg.l−1。
ここで試験するフィルムは4層フィルムであり、層1は15μmのLDPE、層2は15μmのポリアミド−6,6、層3は15μmのLDPE、層4は白色顔料(顔料を含むマイクロメートルサイズのTiO2)を含む5μmのLDPEである。PE層は着色された層(層1)の上方にあるが、この層にのみ光触媒TiO2が含まれる。
抗紫外線TiO2を入れたポリエチレンフィルムの調製
使用ポリエチレンは顆粒状LDPE(直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン)で、メルトフローインデックス(MFI)は1g/10分(190℃/2.6kg)、アルドリッチ社(参照:428078)が販売しているものである。
この厚さ50μm、重量で3%の抗紫外線TiO2を入れた透明なポリエチレン(PE)単層フィルムを、実施例2に記載した手順に従い、相対湿度92%、温度45℃、DMDS濃度11052ppmvで試験する。対照試験に比べ、DMDS濃度の低下は6日の照射後に測定されない。
顔料を含むTiO2を入れたポリエチレンフィルムの調製
このフィルムでは、抗紫外線TiO2を、デュポン社がTi−Pure(登録商標)R−105という名称で販売しているTiO2に置き換えて実施例3の手続きを繰り返す。このTiO2は、SiO2で覆われた顔料を含むルチル型TiO2で、平均粒径は310nmである。
この厚さ50μm、重量で3%の顔料を含むTiO2を入れた白色ポリエチレン(PE)単層フィルムを、実施例2の手順に従い、相対湿度89%、温度45℃、DMDS濃度10645ppmvで試験する。対照試験に比べ、DMDS濃度の低下は6日の照射後に測定されない。
Claims (18)
- 少なくとも1つの光触媒を含む少なくとも1つのポリマー層(1)を含む光触媒フィルムであって、前記ポリマー層が、少なくとも1つの燻蒸化合物の蒸気に透過性であり、および光触媒を活性化できる紫外線放射にも透過性である、光触媒フィルム。
- 光触媒が、0.5nmから200nmの間の、好ましくは0.5nmから180nmの間の、より好ましくは0.5nmから100nmの間の、有利には1nmから50nmの間の、特に10nmから40nmの間の、およびさらに特に15nmから30nmの間の平均粒径を有する粒子の形で存在する、請求項1に記載の光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、ポリマー層(1)が、ポリオレフィンおよびポリエステル、好ましくはバイオベースおよび/または生分解性のポリオレフィンおよびポリエステル、から選ばれる少なくとも1つのポリマーAを含むポリマーフィルムである、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項3に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、ポリマーAが、オレフィンの重合または共重合の結果得られるポリオレフィンから選ばれ、前記オレフィン自体、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテンなど、およびそれらの混合物から選ばれ、前記ポリマーAが、好ましくはポリエチレンである、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項3に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、ポリマーAが、バイオベースまたは生分解性のコポリエステル、より好ましくはポリ乳酸、ポリ(ヒドロキシアルカノエート)、ポリ(アルキレンスクシネート)、熱可塑性デンプンなど、およびそれらの混合物から選ばれる、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、光触媒が、二酸化チタン、二酸化ケイ素、酸化亜鉛、三酸化タングステン、炭化ケイ素、酸化鉄(II)または酸化鉄(III)、二酸化セリウム、二酸化ジルコニウム、二酸化スズ、硫化亜鉛、硫化カドミウム、炭化ケイ素など、およびそれらの2種類以上の任意の割合の混合物から選ばれる、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、光触媒の量が、ポリマー層(1)の全重量に対して、光触媒重量0.1%から30%の間、好ましくは重量0.1%から20%、より好ましくはポリマー層(1)の全重量に対して、光触媒重量0.1%から10%である、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、ポリマー層(1)の厚さが、約5μmから約100μmの間、好ましくは5μmから75μmの間、好ましくは5μmから60μmの間、および、より好ましくは5μmから50μmの間である、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、少なくとも1つの燻蒸剤の蒸気に不透過性の、および紫外線放射に透過性の、少なくとも1つのポリマー層(2)をさらに含む、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項9に記載の光触媒であって、フィルムポリマー層(2)が、窒素性および/または酸素を含む極性樹脂、ポリエステルおよびコポリエステル、熱可塑性デンプン、ならびにそれらの2種類以上の任意の割合の混合物から選ばれる、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項9または請求項10に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、ポリマー層(2)が、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸、1つまたは複数のラクタム、および1つまたは複数のジアミンと、1つまたは複数の二酸との縮合生成物ならびにそれらのモノマーの混合物から選ばれるポリアミドまたはコポリアミドである、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項9から11のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、層(1)および/または層(2)内に、好ましくは層(1)内に、少なくとも1つの相溶化剤をさらに含み、および/または層(1)および(2)の間に「相溶」層または「カップリング」層(C)をさらに含む、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、1つまたは複数の補強層および/または1つまたは複数の着色層をさらに含む、光触媒フィルム。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムであって、全体の厚さが、10μmから300μmの間、好ましくは20μmから150μmの間である、光触媒フィルム。
- 土壌、栽培可能基材または品物を燻蒸するための方法であって、少なくとも、
a)前記土壌、基材もしくは品物の内部に、および/または前記土壌、基材もしくは品物の表面に、少なくとも1つの燻蒸剤を適用するステップ、
b)前記土壌、基材もしくは品物の全部または一部を、ステップa)の前または後に、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムで覆うステップ、
c)前記光触媒フィルムを、数日から数週間範囲の期間、紫外線放射に曝すステップ、ならびに
d)場合により、前記光触媒フィルムを全部または一部取り除く、または光触媒フィルムの全部または一部を単に穿孔するステップ、
を含む方法。 - 請求項15に記載の燻蒸方法であって、燻蒸剤が、臭化メチル、ヨウ化メチル、メチルイソチオシアネート(MITC)、1,3−ジクロロプロペン、クロロピクリン、フッ化スルフリル(SO2F2)、ホスフィン、テトラチオカーボネートまたは他のMITC発生化合物、硫化アルキル、ジアルキルジスルフィド、ジアルキルポリスルフィド、チオスルフィネートなど、およびそれらの2種類以上の任意の割合の混合物から選ばれる、燻蒸方法。
- 請求項16に記載の方法であって、燻蒸剤が、一般式(I)
R−S(O)n−Sx−R’ (I)
の硫黄含有揮発性殺虫化合物から選ばれ、
式中、Rはアルキルラジカルもしくはアルケニルラジカル、好ましくは1から4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルを表し、nは0、1または2に等しく、xは0から4の範囲の限界値を含む値を取り、およびR’はアルキルラジカルもしくはアルケニルラジカル、好ましくはアルキルラジカルを表し、
好ましくは、揮発性の殺虫化合物が、式(I’)
R−S−Sx−R’ (I’)
の化合物から選ばれ、
式中、RおよびR’は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、好ましくは同一であり、それぞれ互いに無関係にアルキルラジカルもしくはアルケニルラジカル、好ましくは1から4個の炭素原子を含むアルキルラジカルを表し、xは1、2、3または4を表し、より好ましくは燻蒸剤がジメチルジスルフィドである、方法。 - 燻蒸処理キットであって、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の光触媒フィルムを少なくとも1つ含み、および少なくとも1つの燻蒸剤、好ましくは少なくとも1つの揮発性の硫黄含有有機化合物、好ましくは請求項16に記載の式(I)または請求項17に記載の式(I’)の揮発性の硫黄含有有機化合物を含み、前記燻蒸剤がより好ましくはジメチルジスルフィドである、燻蒸処理キット。
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Also Published As
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KR101691706B1 (ko) | 2016-12-30 |
PT2750494T (pt) | 2017-12-21 |
CR20140104A (es) | 2014-05-20 |
NI201400015A (es) | 2014-06-18 |
IL231200A (en) | 2017-01-31 |
CA2845927C (fr) | 2017-04-04 |
FR2979521A1 (fr) | 2013-03-08 |
JP2017002282A (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
CN103957693B (zh) | 2017-09-22 |
AU2012300676B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
US9668475B2 (en) | 2017-06-06 |
EP2750494A1 (fr) | 2014-07-09 |
ES2652368T3 (es) | 2018-02-01 |
IL231200A0 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
WO2013030513A1 (fr) | 2013-03-07 |
ZA201401567B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
FR2979521B1 (fr) | 2013-08-23 |
BR112014004947A2 (pt) | 2017-04-11 |
NZ621893A (en) | 2016-01-29 |
KR20140057372A (ko) | 2014-05-12 |
US20140377007A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
CN103957693A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
JP6014140B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
MX2014002084A (es) | 2014-06-05 |
AU2012300676A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
MA35446B1 (fr) | 2014-09-01 |
CA2845927A1 (fr) | 2013-03-07 |
GT201400032A (es) | 2014-12-23 |
EP2750494B1 (fr) | 2017-11-08 |
CL2014000476A1 (es) | 2014-08-22 |
MX348757B (es) | 2017-06-28 |
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