JP2014521583A - 水素を生成するための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
水素を生成するための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図2
Description
本出願は、その開示全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる2011年7月25日出願の米国特許出願第61/511,322号および2012年1月30日出願の米国特許出願第61/592,284号に関連し、かつそれらの優先権を主張する。
本開示の例示的な実施形態では、化学反応:
2Al+6[H2O]+C → C+2[Al(OH)3]+3H2 式(1)
を使用することができる[式中、Alはアルミニウムであり、Hは水素であり、Oは酸素であり、Cは、上記のプロセスによって形成された電気活性化炭素(または触媒炭素)である]。この例示的な触媒反応では、アルミニウムおよび水(H2O)を燃料として、触媒炭素と共に使用することができ、水素(H2)を生じさせることができ、その際、副生成物は、水酸化アルミニウム(Al(OH)3)である。この例示的な反応では、水およびアルミニウムが消費され得る燃料であり、触媒炭素Cが触媒であり得る。水を有するか、または水と類似の特性を有する他の液体組成物も使用することができる。
2Al+3[H2O]+C → C+Al2O3+3H2 式(2)
[式中、Alはアルミニウムであり、Hは水素であり、Oは酸素であり、Cは、上記のプロセスによって形成された電気活性化炭素(触媒炭素)である]。この例示的な化学反応では、アルミニウムおよび水(H2O)を燃料として、触媒炭素と共に使用することができ、水素(H2)を生成することができ、その際、副生成物は、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)である。水酸化アルミニウムから水を除去するために乾燥させると、水酸化アルミニウムは還元されて、酸化アルミニウムになり得る。水素を生成する反応を水中で実施することができるので、水酸化アルミニウム生成物を示す式1が、最も使用される反応であるが、酸化アルミニウム生成物を示す式2も、化学作用を記載する場合には使用され得る。この例示的な反応では、水およびアルミニウムが、消費され得る燃料であり、触媒炭素Cが触媒であり得る。
H2O+CC → CC+H+OH 式(3)
実験1では、炭素(すなわち、炭)を、電気活性化されていない触媒として使用した。チャンバーを清浄にし、茶さじ約3杯のアルミニウム粉末(約30ミクロンの粒径を有する)を茶さじ約7杯の非電気活性化炭素と共にチャンバーに加えた。チャンバーに、チャンバーの約60%まで、水を充填して、炭が水の線のやや下になるようにした。加熱素子を使用して、触媒、アルミニウム粉末、および水の混合物を加熱した。温度および水素発生速度を下記のチャートに示す。
実験2では、炭素(すなわち、炭)を6アンペア時で電気活性化した触媒として使用した。チャンバーを清浄にし、茶さじ約2杯のアルミニウム粉末(約30ミクロンの粒径を有する)を茶さじ約4杯の洗浄していない電気活性化炭素と共にチャンバーに加えた。チャンバーに水を充填し、加熱素子を使用して、触媒、アルミニウム粉末、および水の混合物を加熱した。温度および水素発生速度を下記のチャートに示す。
実験3では、炭素(すなわち、炭)を6アンペア時で電気活性化した触媒として使用した。炭を電気活性化した後に、流水で約30分間洗浄した。チャンバーを清浄にし、茶さじ約2杯のアルミニウム粉末(約30ミクロンの粒径を有する)を茶さじ約2杯の洗浄した電気活性化炭素と共にチャンバーに加えた。チャンバーに水を充填し、加熱素子を使用して、触媒、アルミニウム粉末、および水の混合物を加熱した。温度および水素発生速度を下記のチャートに示す。
本開示の例示的な実施形態では、炭素(16メッシュ炭素顆粒の形態)を電気活性化し、どの程度のアンペア時が、高い水素生成速度を有する触媒を生成するかを決定するために、試料を異なる時間長さで取り出した。炭素をチャンバーに入れ、2アンペアで電気活性化した。試料1は、1分間の電気活性化時間の後に取り出し、試料2は、45分の電気活性化時間の後に取り出し、試料3は、3時間の電気活性化時間の後に取り出し、試料4は、15時間の電気活性化時間の後に取り出し、試料5は、16時間の電気活性化時間の後に取り出した。
2Al+2[NaOH]+6[H2O]+C →
C+2[NaAl(OH)4]+3H2 式(4)
[式中、Alはアルミニウムであり、Hは水素であり、Oは酸素であり、NaAl(OH)4はテトラヒドロキシアルミン酸ナトリウムであり、Cは電気活性化炭素(または触媒炭素)である]。この例示的な反応では、水、アルミニウム、および水酸化ナトリウムは、消費され得る燃料であり得、触媒炭素Cは触媒であり得る。
100a 活性化セル100の第1の側面
100b 活性化セル100の第2の側面
102 陽極
104 陰極
106 炭素
108 水
200 水素セル
202 加熱サブユニット
204 ワイヤ
206 水素出口206
208 加熱素子
300 水素セル
302 サブユニット
304 ワイヤ
306 水素出口
308 加熱素子
310 冷却サブユニット
312 冷水入口
314 水出口
400 バブラー
401 水レベル
402 管
403 チャンバー領域
404 出口
405 グロープラグ
406 水素セル
407 サーミスタ温度センサ
500 ボイラーシステム
502 火炎
504 出口
506 点火器
507 水入口
508 水素セル
509 水出口
510 上方向
511 水レベル
512 水素気泡
Claims (26)
- 水素生成のための触媒を生成する方法であって、
電気エネルギーを炭素材料に供給して、前記炭素材料を電気活性化するステップと;
前記電気活性化炭素材料を、水素を生成するために使用するステップとを含む方法。 - 前記炭素材料を、水を含む液体組成物に供給する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記液体組成物が電解質をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記電気エネルギーを約6アンペア時で供給する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素材料が、純粋な炭素、固体炭素、破砕炭素、焼結炭素、炭素複合材料、炭、圧縮炭素、炭素ブロック、黒鉛、炭素顆粒、顆粒活性化炭素、または石炭のうちの1種または複数である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水素を生成する方法であって:
電気活性化炭素を液体組成物と組み合わせるステップと;
電気活性化炭素および前記液体組成物の前記組合せの間で化学反応を発生させて、水素を生成するステップとを含む方法。 - 前記電気活性化炭素および液体組成物を、燃料と組み合わせるステップと;
前記電気活性化炭素、液体組成物、および燃料の前記組合せの間で化学反応を発生させて、水素を生成するステップとをさらに含む、請求項6に記載の方法。 - 前記燃料が、純粋なアルミニウム、アルミニウム粉末、アルミニウム顆粒、またはアルミニウム削り屑のうちのいずれかである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 電気活性化炭素、水、および燃料の前記組合せの前記化学反応を制御して、水素をオンデマンドで生成するステップをさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 水素の生成を増やすためには、前記組合せを加熱し、水素の生成を減らすためには、前記組み合わせを冷却することによって、前記化学反応を制御する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記組合せを、華氏約150度〜華氏約190度の範囲の温度に加熱する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 水素の生成を増やすためには、前記電気活性化炭素、液体組成物、および燃料のうちの1種または複数の量を足し、水素の生成を減らすためには、前記電気活性化炭素、液体組成物、および燃料のうちの1種または複数の量を減らすことによって、前記化学反応を制御する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記液体組成物が、水、水道水、汚水、高カルシウム水、塩水、海水、アルカリ性水、または酸性水を含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 水素生成のための触媒を生成するシステムであって:
炭素材料を有する活性化セル;および
電気エネルギーを供給して、前記活性化セル内の前記炭素材料を電気活性化するように構成されている装置を含むシステム。 - 前記炭素材料が、前記活性化セル内の、水を含む液体組成物に供給される、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記液体組成物が電解質をさらに含む、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記装置が、電気エネルギーを約6アンペア時で供給するように構成されている、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記炭素材料が、純粋な炭素、固体炭素、破砕炭素、焼結炭素、炭素複合材料、炭、圧縮炭素、炭素ブロック、黒鉛、炭素顆粒、顆粒活性化炭素、または石炭のうちの1種または複数である、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 水素を生成するためのシステムであって:
液体組成物および電気活性化炭素を有する容器;および
前記液体組成物と電気活性化炭素との間で化学反応を発生させて、水素を生成する装置を含むシステム。 - 前記液体組成物および電気活性化炭素と共に前記容器に供給される燃料をさらに含み;その際、前記装置が、前記液体組成物、電気活性化炭素、および燃料の間で化学反応を発生させて、水素を生成する、請求項19に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃料が、純粋なアルミニウム、アルミニウム粉末、アルミニウム顆粒、またはアルミニウム削り屑のうちのいずれかである、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記液体組成物、電気活性化炭素、および燃料の間での前記化学反応を制御して、水素をオンデマンドで生成するための1つまたは複数の機構をさらに含む、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数の機構が、水素の生成を増やすためには、前記液体組成物、電気活性化炭素、および燃料の前記組合せを加熱し、水素の生成を減らすためには、前記液体組成物、電気活性化炭素、および燃料の前記組合せを冷却する、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 前記1つまたは複数の機構が、電気活性化炭素、水、および燃料の前記組合せを、華氏約150度〜華氏約190度の間の温度範囲に加熱する、請求項23に記載のシステム。
- 水素の生成を増やすためには、前記電気活性化炭素、液体組成物、および燃料のうちの1種または複数の量を足し、水素の生成を減らすためには、前記電気活性化炭素、液体組成物、および燃料のうちの1種または複数の量を減らすことによって、前記化学反応を制御する、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 前記液体組成物が、水、水道水、汚水、高カルシウム水、塩水、海水、アルカリ性水、または酸性水を含む、請求項19に記載のシステム。
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US201161511322P | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | |
US61/511,322 | 2011-07-25 | ||
US201261592284P | 2012-01-30 | 2012-01-30 | |
US61/592,284 | 2012-01-30 | ||
PCT/US2012/048025 WO2013016367A1 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2012-07-24 | Methods and systems for producing hydrogen |
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- 2012-07-24 CN CN201280041004.3A patent/CN103828091A/zh active Pending
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CA2842960C (en) | 2019-02-05 |
ZA201401427B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
CR20140049A (es) | 2014-04-15 |
EP2737564A4 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
AU2012287009A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
WO2013016367A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
CN103828091A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2737564A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
US10259707B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
US20140154173A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
MX2014000915A (es) | 2014-11-21 |
KR20140079364A (ko) | 2014-06-26 |
US9102529B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 |
CA2842960A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
BR112014001813A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
US20150344303A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
AU2012287009B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
JP6230533B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
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