JP2014026949A - 二次電池用電極活物質 - Google Patents
二次電池用電極活物質 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2014026949A JP2014026949A JP2012172519A JP2012172519A JP2014026949A JP 2014026949 A JP2014026949 A JP 2014026949A JP 2012172519 A JP2012172519 A JP 2012172519A JP 2012172519 A JP2012172519 A JP 2012172519A JP 2014026949 A JP2014026949 A JP 2014026949A
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- silicon oxide
- electrode active
- porous silicon
- particles
- Prior art date
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 165
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】内部にリチウムが分散され、表面に炭素が被覆された多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体を含む二次電池用電極活物質であり、多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子の表面に炭素を被覆し、前記粒子をリチウム前駆体と混合したあと熱処理することにより多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体を製造する。
【選択図】なし
Description
前記粒子をリチウム前駆体と混合したあと熱処理することを含む多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の製造方法を提供する。
多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子の表面に炭素被覆
多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子20gを回転管状炉に投入し、アルゴンガスを0.5L/分で流したあと温度を5℃/分の速度で800℃まで昇温させた。回転管状炉を10rpm/分の速度で回転させながらアルゴンガスを1.8L/分、アセチレンガスを0.3L/分で流しながら3時間のあいだ熱処理し、炭素が被覆された多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を製造した。このときの炭素含量は多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子に対し5重量%であった。
前記で製造された炭素が被覆された多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子とLiOH・H2Oを65:35の重量比で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気下で700℃、5時間のあいだ熱処理してコア−シェル構造の多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体を製造した。このとき、リチウムの含量は8重量%であった。
一酸化ケイ素粒子の表面にAg電着
フルオロ化水素(HF)が10モル%である300ml溶液と、硝酸銀(AgNO3)が10mMである300ml溶液とを10分間混合した。前記フルオロ化水素と硝酸銀とが混合された溶液に一酸化ケイ素(SiO)2gを添加し5分間混合したあと、濾過、洗浄及び乾燥してAgが電着された一酸化ケイ素を製造した。
フルオロ化水素が5モル%である200ml溶液と、過酸化水素(H2O2)が1.5重量%で添加された100ml溶液とを10分間混合した。Ag粒子が電着された一酸化ケイ素を前記フルオロ化水素と過酸化水素とが混合されたエッチング溶液に投入し30分間混合したあと、濾過、洗浄及び乾燥して多孔性一酸化ケイ素を製造した。
60モル%の硝酸(HNO3)100mlを50℃で加熱した後、前記多孔性一酸化ケイ素を投入して2時間のあいだ混合し、濾過、洗浄及び乾燥してAgが除去された多孔性一酸化ケイ素を製造した。
水酸化ナトリウム50mgをエタノールに溶解させて製造された水酸化ナトリウム溶液に、前記で製造された多孔性一酸化ケイ素1gを投入して10分以上攪拌した。
80〜120℃で加熱されているアルミナボートに多孔性一酸化ケイ素と水酸化ナトリウムを混合した溶液を投入してエタノールを蒸発させた。溶媒の蒸発が完了すれば、多孔性一酸化ケイ素と水酸化ナトリウムの混合物が盛られたアルミナボートを石英管ファーネス(Quartz Tube Furnace)に投入した後、アルゴンガスを流しながら800℃の温度で5分間熱処理し、石英管ファーネスを常温まで冷却させて多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を製造した。
アルミナボートに盛られている多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を回収し、蒸留水に2時間のあいだ浸漬して濾過し、多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子の表面に付着している水酸化ナトリウムを除去した。
Agが電着された一酸化ケイ素をフルオロ化水素と過酸化水素が混合されたエッチング溶液に投入して5時間のあいだ混合したことを除いては、前記実施例2と同一の方法で多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を製造した。
熱処理時間を120分間行ったことを除いては、前記実施例2と同一の方法で多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を製造した。
Agが電着された一酸化ケイ素をフルオロ化水素と過酸化水素が混合されたエッチング溶液に投入して5時間のあいだ混合し、熱処理時間を120分間行ったことを除いては、前記実施例2と同一の方法で多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を製造した。
前記実施例2、実施例3、実施例4及び実施例5で製造されたそれぞれの電極活物質20gを回転管状炉に投入し、アルゴンガスを0.5L/分で流したあと温度を5℃/分の速度で800℃まで昇温させた。回転管状炉を10rpm/分の速度で回転させながらアルゴンガスを1.8L/分、アセチレンガスを0.3L/分で流しながら5時間のあいだ熱処理し、導電性炭素被覆層が形成された多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子を製造した。このとき、導電性炭素被覆層の炭素含量は多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子の総重量の10重量%であった。
前記実施例6で製造された炭素が被覆された多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子とLiOH・H2Oを65:35の重量比で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気下で700℃、5時間のあいだ熱処理してコア−シェル構造の多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体を製造した。このとき、リチウムの含量は8重量%であった。
前記実施例1乃至10で製造された物質をそれぞれ正極活物質に用い、アセチレンブラックを導電材、及びポリビニリデンフルオリドをバインダーとして用いて85:5:10の重量比で混合し、これらを溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに混合してスラリーを製造した。製造されたスラリーを銅集電体の一面に65μmの厚さにコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延したあと一定の大きさにパンチング(punching)して正極を製造した。
気孔のない一酸化ケイ素を正極活物質に用いたことを除いては、前記実施例11と同一の方法で二次電池を製造した。
気孔のない一酸化ケイ素を前記実施例6と同一の方法で炭素が被覆された一酸化ケイ素の表面に炭素を被覆させたあと、前記実施例11と同一の方法で二次電池を製造した。
前記比較例2で製造された炭素が被覆された一酸化ケイ素とLiOH・H2Oを65:35の重量比で混合し、アルゴン雰囲気下で700℃、5時間のあいだ熱処理し、内部にリチウムが分散され表面に炭素が被覆された一酸化ケイ素を製造した後、前記実施例11と同一の方法で二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例11乃至20及び比較例1乃至3で製造された二次電池の寿命特性及び厚さ変化率を調べるため、下記のような実験を行った。
−厚さの変化率:(50番目のサイクル充電後の電極厚さ−サイクル前の電極厚さ)/サイクル前の電極厚さ×100
前記実施例11乃至20及び比較例1乃至3で製造された二次電池の初期効率を調べるため、下記のような実験を行った。
Claims (19)
- 内部にリチウムが分散され、表面に炭素が被覆された多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体を含む電極活物質。
- 前記リチウムの含量は、前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の総重量の2〜15重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記炭素の含量は、前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の総重量の2〜30重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の内部に分散されたリチウムの濃度は、多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の炭素被覆された表面と隣接した部分で最大であり、多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の球心方向に行くほど低くなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体でケイ素酸化物は一酸化ケイ素であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体のBET比表面積は2〜100m2/gであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体はSiOx(0<x<2)相を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体は、ケイ素相と、SiOx(0<x<2)相と、二酸化ケイ素相とを含み、5〜90%の空隙率を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記二酸化ケイ素相は前記SiOx相に分散されていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記二酸化ケイ素相は結晶質であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記ケイ素相は、多孔性ケイ素系電極活物質の中心周辺部より中心部で濃度がさらに大きいことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記二酸化ケイ素相は、SiOx粒子の中心部より中心周辺部で濃度がさらに大きいことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電極活物質。
- 前記ケイ素相及び二酸化ケイ素相は、SiOx(0<x<1)の負極により形成されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電極活物質。
- 負極活物質を含む負極と、分離膜と、正極活物質を含む正極と、電解質とを含む二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質又は正極活物質は請求項1乃至13の何れか1項に記載の電極活物質を含む二次電池。 - 多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子の表面に炭素を被覆し、
前記粒子をリチウム前駆体と混合したあと熱処理することを含む多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の製造方法。 - 前記リチウム前駆体はLiOH・H2O、LiCl、Li(OH)・H2O、LiCH3OO・2H2O、Li2SO4、Li3PO4及びこれらの塩でなる群から選択される1種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、500〜1200℃で2〜10時間のあいだ行われることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の製造方法。
- 前記多孔性ケイ素酸化物粒子の製造は、
フッ素系溶液と金属前駆体溶液を混合したあと、SiOx(0<x<2)粒子と接触させて前記SiOx粒子の表面に金属粒子を電着させ、
前記金属粒子が電着されたSiOx粒子をエッチング溶液と接触させてエッチングし、
前記エッチングされたSiOx粒子を金属除去溶液と接触させて前記金属粒子を除去することを含む請求項15に記載の多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の製造方法。 - 前記金属粒子を除去したあと、
SiOx粒子をアルカリ系水酸化物が溶解されている極性溶媒と混合し、
前記極性溶媒と混合されたSiOx粒子で極性溶媒を蒸発させたあと加熱することをさらに含む請求項18に記載の多孔性ケイ素酸化物複合体の製造方法。
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