JP6448057B2 - 多孔性シリコン系負極活物質、この製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
多孔性シリコン系負極活物質、この製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6448057B2 JP6448057B2 JP2015527410A JP2015527410A JP6448057B2 JP 6448057 B2 JP6448057 B2 JP 6448057B2 JP 2015527410 A JP2015527410 A JP 2015527410A JP 2015527410 A JP2015527410 A JP 2015527410A JP 6448057 B2 JP6448057 B2 JP 6448057B2
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Images
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Description
内部空隙率=単位質量当たり空隙体積/(比体積+単位質量当たり空隙体積)
<段階(i):シリコンウェハの表面に金属粒子の蒸着段階>
フルオロ化水素(HF)が10モル%である300ml溶液と、硝酸銀(AgNO3)が10mMである300ml溶液を10分間混合した。前記フルオロ化水素と硝酸銀が混合した溶液に軸方向が<111>方向であるシリコンウェハ(LGシルトロン)を添加して5分間混合した後、濾過、洗浄及び乾燥してシリコンウェハの表面にAgを蒸着させた。
フルオロ化水素が5モル%である200ml溶液と、過酸化水素(H2O2)が1.5重量%で添加された100ml溶液を10分間混合した。前記段階(i)で得たAg粒子が蒸着されたシリコンウェハを前記フルオロ化水素と過酸化水素が混合されたエッチング溶液に投入して30分間混合した後、濾過、洗浄及び乾燥してシリコンウェハの表面及び内部に空隙を形成した。
60モル%の硝酸(HNO3)100mlを50℃に加熱した後、前記段階(ii)で得た多孔性シリコンウェハを投入して2時間の間混合しており、濾過、洗浄及び乾燥してAgを除去した。すり鉢などを用いて適切な大きさに破砕した後、Ar雰囲気でボールミルで粉砕して最終分給(625メッシュの篩:目の大きさ20μm)である多孔性シリコン負極活物質を製造した。
製造された前記多孔性シリコン負極活物質は、空隙の結晶面の6つの面全体が<110>面を有する。
前記実施例1の段階(i)で軸方向が<111>方向であるシリコンウェハの代わりに、軸方向が<100>方向であるシリコーンウェハ(LGシルトロン)を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で多孔性シリコン系負極活物質を製造した。製造された前記多孔性シリコン負極活物質は、空隙の結晶面のうち4つの面が<110>面を有する。
前記実施例1の段階(i)で軸方向が<111>方向であるシリコンウェハの代わりに、軸方向が<110>方向であるシリコンウェハ(LGシルトロン)を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で多孔性シリコン系負極活物質を製造した。製造された前記多孔性シリコン負極活物質は、空隙の結晶面のうち2つの面が<110>面を有する。
前記実施例1で製造された多孔性シリコン負極活物質、アセチレンブラックの導電材及びリチウム−ポリアクリル酸をバインダとして用いて、70:10:20の重量比で混合し、これらを溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに混合してスラリーを製造した。製造されたスラリーを銅集電体の一面に30μmの厚さでコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延した後、一定の大きさでパンチング(pouching)して負極を製造した。
前記実施例1で製造された多孔性シリコン負極活物質を用いる代わりに、実施例2及び3で製造された負極活物質を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例4と同じ方法でそれぞれの二次電池を製造した。
軸方向が<111>方向であるシリコーンウェハ(LGシルトロン)をすり鉢などを用いて適切な大きさに破砕した後、Ar雰囲気でボールミルで粉砕して最終分級(625メッシュの篩:目の大きさ20μm)である空隙のないシリコン負極活物質を製造した。
前記実施例1で製造された多孔性シリコン負極活物質を用いる代わりに、比較例1で製造された負極活物質を用いたことを除いては、前記実施例4と同じ方法で二次電池を製造した。
本発明の一実施形態に係る多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の形態及び結晶構造を調べるためにX線回折(XRD)で分析した。
前記実施例4から6及び比較例2で製造された二次電池の寿命特性及び厚さ変化率を調べるため、下記のような実験を行った。
−厚さ変化率:(50サイクル目の充電状態での電極の厚さ−1サイクル目前の電極の厚さ)/1サイクル目前の電極の厚さ×100
−内部空隙率=単位質量当たり空隙体積/(比体積+単位質量当たり空隙体積)
(BEL JAPAN社のBELSORP(BET装備)使用、メゾポア測定法であるBJH法によって計算された値を使用)
Claims (9)
- (i)シリコンウェハの表面に銀(Ag)粒子を蒸着させる段階;
(ii)前記銀(Ag)粒子が蒸着されたシリコンウェハの表面をエッチング溶液に担持させてシリコンウェハをエッチングし、シリコンウェハの表面、または表面及び内部に空隙を形成する段階;
(iii)前記空隙が形成されたシリコンウェハを金属除去溶液と接触させて前記銀(Ag)粒子を除去した後、得られたシリコンウェハを粉砕して多数の空隙を含む結晶性シリコン粒子を得る段階;及び
(iv)前記結晶性シリコン粒子を炭素前駆体と混合した後、熱処理して結晶性シリコン粒子の表面を炭素でコーティングする段階を含み、
前記エッチング溶液は、フルオロ化水素(HF)溶液と過酸化水素(H 2 O 2 )溶液の混合溶液であり、前記フルオロ化水素(HF)溶液と過酸化水素(H 2 O 2 )溶液は、10から90:90から10の重量比で混合され、
前記シリコンウェハは、軸方向が<110>方向のものであり、
前記多数の空隙のうち少なくとも一部の空隙の結晶面は、2つの面が<110>面を含むことを特徴とする多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記蒸着は、フッ素系溶液と銀(Ag)前駆体溶液を混合した後、シリコンウェハと接触させることでなされることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素系溶液は、フルオロ化水素(HF)、フルオロ化珪素(H2SiF6)及びフルオロ化アンモニウム(NH4F)からなる群より選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素系溶液と銀(Ag)前駆体溶液は、10から90:90から10の重量比で混合されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記シリコンウェハは、前記フッ素系溶液と銀(Ag)前駆体溶液の混合溶液100重量部に対して0.001重量部から50重量部で接触されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記エッチングは、10分から5時間の間行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記金属除去溶液は、硝酸、硫酸及び塩酸からなる群より選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記炭素前駆体は、ピッチ(pitch)または炭化水素系物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理は、300℃から1400℃の温度範囲で行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔性シリコン系負極活物質の製造方法。
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US9985318B2 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2018-05-29 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc | Electrolyte formulations |
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US11233288B2 (en) | 2018-07-11 | 2022-01-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Silicon substrate containing integrated porous silicon electrodes for energy storage devices |
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JP2015524993A (ja) | 2015-08-27 |
EP2863455A4 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
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CN104662715A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
PL2863455T3 (pl) | 2019-11-29 |
EP2863455B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
IN2015DN00810A (ja) | 2015-06-12 |
TW201515308A (zh) | 2015-04-16 |
TWI521773B (zh) | 2016-02-11 |
KR20140141488A (ko) | 2014-12-10 |
CN104662715B (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
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US9843034B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
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