JP7378617B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7378617B2 JP7378617B2 JP2022528130A JP2022528130A JP7378617B2 JP 7378617 B2 JP7378617 B2 JP 7378617B2 JP 2022528130 A JP2022528130 A JP 2022528130A JP 2022528130 A JP2022528130 A JP 2022528130A JP 7378617 B2 JP7378617 B2 JP 7378617B2
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- sulfur
- positive electrode
- active material
- graphene oxide
- lithium secondary
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 65
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 160
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- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、硫黄‐炭素複合体を含むコア;及び
前記コアの表面に位置して炭素ナノチューブを含むシェル;を含むコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質であって、
前記硫黄‐炭素複合体は、
熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド(Thermally expanded‐reduced graphene oxide、TE‐rGO);及び
前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの表面及び内部の少なくとも一部に硫黄;を含むことを特徴とするコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を提供する。
(a)グラフェンオキサイドを300ないし500℃の温度で熱処理して熱膨脹させる段階;及び
(b)前記熱膨脹されたグラフェンオキサイドを700ないし1200℃の温度で熱処理して還元させて、熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドを製造する段階;
(c)前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド及び硫黄を混合して硫黄‐炭素複合体を製造する段階;
(d)前記硫黄‐炭素複合体及び炭素ナノチューブを混合して硫黄‐炭素複合体の表面に炭素ナノチューブを位置させる段階;を含むコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
前記正極は前記本発明の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
本発明はコア/シェル(core/shell)構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質に係り、より具体的に、
硫黄‐炭素複合体を含むコア;及び
前記コアの表面に位置して炭素ナノチューブを含むシェル;を含むコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質であって、
前記硫黄‐炭素複合体は、
熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド;及び
前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの表面及び内部の少なくとも一部に硫黄;を含むことを特徴とするコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質に関する。
また、本発明は、コア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法に係り、より具体的に、
(a)グラフェンオキサイドを300ないし500℃の温度で熱処理して熱膨脹させる段階;及び
(b)前記熱膨脹されたグラフェンオキサイドを700ないし1200℃の温度で熱処理して還元させて熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドを製造する段階;
(c)前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド及び硫黄を混合して硫黄‐炭素複合体を製造する段階;
(d)前記硫黄‐炭素複合体及び炭素ナノチューブを混合して硫黄‐炭素複合体の表面に炭素ナノチューブを位置させる段階;を含む。
本発明は、正極;負極;前記正極と負極の間に介在される分離膜;及び電解液を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記正極は、正極活物質で前記本発明のコア/シェル構造の正極活物質を含む。
実施例1.コア/シェル構造の硫黄‐熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド複合体/炭素ナノチューブ(S‐Te‐rGO/CNT)の製造
グラフェンオキサイド(graphene oxide、GO、製品名SE2430、sixth element社)を非活性雰囲気で400℃の温度で10分間熱処理して熱膨脹されたグラフェンオキサイドを製造した。
グラフェンオキサイド(graphene oxide、GO、製品名SE2430、sixth element社)を非活性雰囲気で400℃の温度で10分間熱処理して熱膨脹されたグラフェンオキサイドを製造した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1で製造した正極活物質を使ってそれぞれのリチウム‐硫黄電池を製造した。
前記で製造したリチウム‐硫黄電池に対して、充・放電測定装置を使って充・放電特性変化を試験した。得られた電池は0.1C/0.1Cの充電/放電条件で初期容量を調べ、その結果を図1に示す。
前記で製造したリチウム‐硫黄電池に対して、充・放電測定装置を使用して初期3cycleの間0.1C/0.1Cで充電/放電、その後3cycleの間0.2C/0.2Cで充電/放電して、以後0.3C/0.5Cで充電/放電して50cycleの充・放電を繰り返して寿命特性を測定し、その結果を図2に示す。
Claims (15)
- 硫黄‐炭素複合体を含むコア;及び
前記コアの表面に位置して炭素ナノチューブを含むシェル;を含むコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質であって、
前記硫黄‐炭素複合体は、
熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド;及び
前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの表面及び内部の少なくとも一部に硫黄;を含み、
前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの比表面積は500m 2 /gないし1200m 2 /gであることを特徴とするコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの比表面積は700m2/gないし1000m2/gであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの気孔体積は3cm3/gないし7cm3/gであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブは前記硫黄‐炭素複合体100質量部に対して0.5質量部ないし2質量部で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブを含むシェルは2nmないし200nmの大きさの気孔を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド及び硫黄は1:1ないし1:9の質量比で混合されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム二次電池用正極活物質はリチウム‐硫黄電池用正極活物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- (a)グラフェンオキサイドを300℃ないし500℃の温度で熱処理して熱膨脹させる段階;
(b)前記熱膨脹されたグラフェンオキサイドを700℃ないし1200℃の温度で熱処理して還元させて熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドを製造する段階;
(c)前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイド及び硫黄を混合して硫黄‐炭素複合体を製造する段階;及び
(d)前記硫黄‐炭素複合体及び炭素ナノチューブを混合して硫黄‐炭素複合体の表面に炭素ナノチューブを位置させる段階;を含むコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記(a)段階の熱膨脹は5分間ないし30分間行われることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記(b)段階の還元は1時間ないし5時間行われることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記(d)段階の炭素ナノチューブは前記硫黄‐炭素複合体100質量部に対して0.5ないし2質量部で混合されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱膨脹された還元グラフェンオキサイドの比表面積は500m2/gないし1200m2/gで、気孔体積は3cm3/gないし7cm3/gであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のコア/シェル構造のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 正極;負極;前記正極と負極の間に介在される分離膜;及び電解液を含むリチウム二次電池であって、
前記正極は請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極の硫黄のローディング量は2mg/cm2ないし15mg/cm2であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウム二次電池はリチウム‐硫黄電池であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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