JP2013525088A - 新規触媒混合物 - Google Patents
新規触媒混合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において用語「CO2の電気化学的転換」は、電気化学的プロセスの任意の工程で、二酸化炭素、炭酸塩、又は重炭酸塩が別の化学物質に転換されるプロセスを意味する。
(a)化学反応を加速すること、又は
(b)プロセスで実質的に消費されることなく、反応の過電圧を低下させること。
化学反応を加速すること、又は
プロセス中で実質的に消費されることなく、反応の過電圧を低下させること。
標準的な3電極電気化学セルに、反応Rに一般的に使用されている電解質を満たす。一般的な電解質には、0.1Mの硫酸があり、又は0.1MのKOH水溶液も使用することができる。
活性金属を、3電極電気化学セルと適切な対電極に取り付ける。
数回のCVサイクルを実行して、活性金属を洗浄する。
電解質中の可逆水素電極(RHE)電位を測定する。
反応Rの反応物をセルに充填し、反応Rに関連するピークの電位に注意しながら、反応RのCVを測定する。
V1=RHEと反応に関連するピークの開始電位の差を計算する。
V1A=RHEと反応に関連するピークの最大電位の差を計算する。
0.0001〜99.9999%の物質Sを電解質に加える。
助触媒を用いる反応におけるRHEを測定する。
反応Rに関連するピークの電位に注意しながら、反応RのCVを再度測定する。
V2=RHEと反応に関連するピークの開始電位の差を計算する。
V2A=RHEと反応に関連するピークの最大電位の差を計算する。
CO2の電気化学的転換の過電圧を低下させ、かつ反応の選択性(電流効率)を向上させるために、白金と1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボラート(EMIM−BF4)とを含む活性元素−助触媒混合物を使用する。
この例は、水の添加がCO形成速度を上昇させることを示す。この実験は、例1に記載のセルと手順を用いたが、以下の例外を含む:例1で使用した99.9999%のEMIM−BF4の代わりに、98.55%のEMIM−BF4と0.45%の水とを含む溶液を使用し、電位は、RHEに対して−0.6Vで10又は30分間維持し、次に電位を50mV/秒でプラスに上げた。図10にその結果を示す。1.2Vと5Vとの間のピークに注意されたい。これはCO形成に関連するピークであり、例1のものよりはるかに大きい。すなわち水の添加は、おそらく反応物として作用することによりCO形成を加速させた。
CO2に、パラジウムとヨウ化コリンを含む活性元素−助触媒混合物を使用することは、水中でのCO2の電気化学的転換のための過電圧を低下させる。
CO2のギ酸への電気化学的転換に関する過電圧を低下させるために、パラジウムと塩化コリンを含む活性元素−助触媒混合物を使用する。
CO2からCOへの電気化学的転換に関する過電圧を低下させるために、ニッケルと塩化コリンを含む活性元素−助触媒混合物を使用する。
活性元素(金)−助触媒混合物がCO2センサーに有用であることを証明する。
この例は、一酸化炭素の定常状態での製造を示す。
Claims (24)
- 少なくとも1種の触媒活性元素、及び少なくとも1種の助触媒を含む、触媒。
- CO2を、CO2との反応による1種以上の生成物に電気的に転換する、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒活性元素は、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Sn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Ir、Pt、Au、Hg、Al、Si、C、In、Sn、Tl、Pb、Bi、Sb、Te、U、Sm、Tb、La、Ce、及びNdの1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記生成物は、以下の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項2に記載の触媒:CO、OH−、HCO−、H2CO、(HCO2)−、H2CO2、CH3OH、CH4、C2H4、CH3CH2OH、CH3COO−、CH3COOH、C2H6、O2、H2、(COOH)2、及び(COO−)2。
- 前記反応生成物は、H2CO2を含む、請求項4に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒活性元素は、Pt、Pd、Au、Ag、Ni、Fe、Co、Ru、及びRhの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、有機カチオン及び有機アニオンの少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、約0.0000062重量%〜99.999重量%の濃度を有する、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、ホスフィン類、イミダゾニウム類、ピリジニウム類、ピロリジニウム類、ホスホニウム類、スルホニウム類、プロリナート類、及びメチオニナート類の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、コリン類を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾニウムカチオン類を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、トリフルオロボラートアニオン類を含む、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記助触媒は、溶媒、電解質、又は添加物である、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 請求項1に記載の触媒を含む、CO2センサー。
- 請求項1に記載の触媒を含む、燃料電池。
- 以下の工程を含む、化学反応生成物の製造方法:
反応物の存在下で触媒活性元素と助触媒とを組み合わせる工程;及び
反応を進行させて反応生成物を製造する工程。 - 前記反応に電気エネルギーを適用して、前記反応物から反応生成物への電気化学的転換を達成する工程をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒活性元素は、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Sn、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Ir、Pt、Au、Hg、Al、Si、C、In、Sn、Tl、Pb、Bi、Sb、Te、U、Sm、Tb、La、Ce、及びNdよりなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒活性元素は、Pb、Hg、Tl、In、Cd、Bi、Zr、Cr、Sn、W、Pd、及びRuよりなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記助触媒は、有機カチオン及び有機アニオンの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記助触媒は、ホスフィン類、イミダゾニウム類、ピリジニウム類、ピロリジニウム類、ホスホニウム類、スルホニウム類、プロリナート類、メチオニナート類、コリン類、塩化コリン、臭化コリン、ヨウ化コリンからなる群より選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記反応物はCO2である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記反応生成物は、CO、OH−、HCO−、H2CO、(HCO2)−、H2CO2、CH3OH、CH4、C2H4、CH3CH2OH、CH3COO−、CH3COOH、C2H6、O2、H2、(COOH)2、(COO−)2、Cl2、Br2、I2、NaOH、KOH、NaClO、NaClO3、KClO3、及びCF3COOHの少なくとも1種である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記反応生成物はギ酸(H2CO2)である、請求項23に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31795510P | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | |
US61/317,955 | 2010-03-26 | ||
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KR20180126572A (ko) * | 2016-04-04 | 2018-11-27 | 디옥시드 머티리얼즈, 인크. | 촉매 층 및 전해장치 |
JP2019510884A (ja) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-04-18 | ダイオキサイド マテリアルズ,インコーポレイティド | 触媒層及び電解槽 |
JP2019513895A (ja) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-05-30 | ダイオキサイド マテリアルズ,インコーポレイティド | 水電解槽 |
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KR20130060185A (ko) | 2013-06-07 |
EP2553147A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
CA2794105A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
JP6254565B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
JP2016041427A (ja) | 2016-03-31 |
US20110237830A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
US20150122640A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
CN102892929B (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
AU2011230545A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
AU2011230545C1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
WO2011120021A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
KR101721287B1 (ko) | 2017-03-29 |
EP2553147B1 (en) | 2022-05-18 |
CA2794105C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
US10023967B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
AU2011230545B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
CN102892929A (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
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