JP2019510884A - 触媒層及び電解槽 - Google Patents
触媒層及び電解槽 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、少なくとも部分的に、ARPA-E契約番号DE-AR-0000345及びDE-AR0000684のもとに米国政府の支援によってなされた。政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本明細書で使用される「CO2の電気化学的変換」という用語は、プロセスの任意の工程において二酸化炭素、炭酸塩又は炭酸水素塩が別の化学物質に変換される任意の電気化学的プロセスを指す。
の配位子が包含される。
の配位子が包含される。
の配位子が包含される。
P+(R12R13R14R15)
(式中、R12〜R15は、水素、ハロゲン、線状アルキル、分岐アルキル、環状アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、環状アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、ヘテロアルキルアリール、及びそれらのポリマー、例えば本明細書に記載のビニルベンジルコポリマーからそれぞれ独立に選択される。)
の配位子が包含される。
前述の一実施形態は、CO2電気槽のアウトプットを改善する電解槽カソード触媒層である。
この実施例の目的は、米国特許第6,841,285号の記載とは対照的に、触媒層へのイミダゾリウムを含有するポリマーの添加がCO2電解槽の性能を向上させることを示すことである。
この実施例の目的は、米国特許第6,841,285号の知見とは対照的に、触媒層にテトラメチルイミダゾリウムを含有するポリマーを添加することにより、CO2電解槽の性能が向上することを示すことである。
この実施例の目的は、米国特許第6,841,285号の知見とは対照的に、ピリジニウムを含有するポリマーを触媒層に添加することにより、CO2電解槽の性能が変化するが、被毒しないことを示すことである。
この実施例の目的は、‘285号特許の知見とは対照的に、ピラゾリウムを含有するポリマーを触媒層に添加することにより、CO2電解槽の性能が向上することを示すことである。
この実施例の目的は、CO2電解槽のカソードにPSMIMを添加することによって、電解槽の定常状態性能も改善されることを示すことである。
Claims (33)
- 触媒層を含む電解槽であって、前記触媒層が、触媒活性元素及びイオン伝導性ポリマーを含み、前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基を含み、さらに、二酸化炭素を含む反応物流が前記触媒層と接触する、電解槽。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、イミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム、ピラゾリウム、ピロリジニウム、ピロリウム、ピリミジウム、ピペリジニウム、インドリウム又はトリアジニウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の電解槽。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、イミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム又はピラゾリウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項2に記載の電解槽。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、スチレン、ビニルベンジル誘導体又はそれらのポリマーのうちの少なくとも1種も含む、請求項2に記載の電解槽。
- 前記触媒活性元素が、V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Sn,Zr,Nb,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,Hf,Ta,W,Re,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg,Al,Si,In,Tl,Pb,Bi,Sb,Te,U,Sm,Tb,La,Ce又はNdのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の電解槽。
- 前記触媒活性元素が、Au,Ag,Cu,Sn,Sb,Bi又はInのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項5に記載の電解槽。
- 前記電解槽が、アノードと、カソードと、それらの間に挟まれたポリマーのイオン伝導膜と、前記カソードと接触する二酸化炭素を含む前記反応物流と、及び、前記カソードから前記アノードに電流を向けるための電力供給源を含む、請求項2に記載の電解槽。
- 前記イオン伝導性膜が、イミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム、ピラゾリウム、ピロリジニウム、ピロリウム、ピリミジウム、ピペリジニウム、インドリウム又はトリアジニウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を含むポリマーを含む、請求項7に記載の電解槽。
- 前記イオン伝導膜がイミダゾリウムを含む、請求項8に記載の電解槽。
- 前記イミダゾリウムがアルキルイミダゾリウムである、請求項9に記載の電解槽。
- 前記アルキルイミダゾリウムが1−メチルイミダゾリウム又はテトラメチルイミダゾリウムのうちの1つである、請求項10に記載の電解槽。
- 前記アルキルイミダゾリウムがテトラメチルイミダゾリウムである、請求項11に記載の電解槽。
- 電気化学装置用の触媒層であって、触媒活性元素及びイオン伝導性ポリマーを含み、前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、
(a)正電荷を帯びた環状アミン基;及び
(b)スチレンのポリマー又はコポリマー;
を含む、電気化学装置用の触媒層。 - 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、イミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム、ピラゾリウム、ピロリジニウム、ピロリウム、ピリミジウム、ピペリジニウム、インドリウム又はトリアジニウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項13に記載の触媒層。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーが、イミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム又はピラゾリウムのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項14に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒活性元素が、V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Sn,Zr,Nb,Mo,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,Hf,Ta,W,Re,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg,Al,Si,In,Tl,Pb,Bi,Sb,Te,U,Sm,Tb,La,Ce又はNdのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項14に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒活性元素が、Pt,Pd,Au,Ag,Cu,Ni,Fe,Sn,Bi,Co,In,Ru又はRhのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項16に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒活性元素が、Au,Ag,Cu,Sn,Sb,Bi又はInのうちの1種又は2種以上を含む、請求項17に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒層中の前記イオン伝導性ポリマーの質量が、前記触媒層中の前記触媒活性元素の質量の64%未満である、請求項18に記載の触媒層。
- 前記イオン伝導性ポリマーの質量が、前記触媒層中の前記触媒活性元素の質量の少なくとも1%、かつ、10%以下である、請求項19に記載の触媒層。
- 前記触媒層が元素状炭素も含む、請求項13に記載の触媒層。
- 前記炭素がカーボンブラックである、請求項21に記載の触媒層。
- 前記電気化学装置が電解槽である、請求項13に記載の触媒層。
- 前記電解槽の動作によって、CO、OHー、HCOー、H2CO、(HCO2)ー、HCOOH、H2O2、CH3OH、CH4、C2H4、CH3CH2OH、CH3COOー、CH3COOH、C2H6、O2、H2、(COOH)2又は(COOー)2のうちの1種又は2種以上を含む電解生成物が生じる、請求項23に記載の触媒層。
- 請求項13に記載の触媒層を含む電解槽であって、前記電解槽が、反応物流インプットを有し、前記電解槽への前記反応物流がCO2又はH2Oのうちの少なくとも一方を含む、電解槽。
- 前記電解槽がアノード及びカソードを有し、前記触媒層が前記アノード又はカソードのうちの少なくとも一方と電気的に接触している、請求項25に記載の電解槽。
- 前記カソードにCO2が供給される、請求項26に記載の電解層。
- 前記触媒層が前記カソードと電気的に接触している、請求項26に記載の電解槽。
- 前記アノードに水が供給される、請求項26に記載の電解槽。
- 前記水フィードが電解質も含む、請求項29に記載の電解槽。
- 前記電解質が、炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩又は水酸化物のうちの少なくとも1種である、請求項30に記載の電解槽。
- 請求項13に記載の触媒層を含む電気化学装置であって、前記電気化学装置がセンサーである、電気化学装置。
- 請求項13に記載の触媒層を含む電気化学装置であって、前記装置が燃料電池である、電気化学装置。
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