JP6606182B2 - 二酸化炭素電気分解装置用のイオン性ポリマー膜 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素電気分解装置用のイオン性ポリマー膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6606182B2 JP6606182B2 JP2017531965A JP2017531965A JP6606182B2 JP 6606182 B2 JP6606182 B2 JP 6606182B2 JP 2017531965 A JP2017531965 A JP 2017531965A JP 2017531965 A JP2017531965 A JP 2017531965A JP 6606182 B2 JP6606182 B2 JP 6606182B2
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- anion exchange
- cathode
- carbon dioxide
- membrane
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2339/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2339/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
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Description
「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、互換的に使用され、1つ以上を意味する。
「及び/又は」は、明記されている場合の一方又は両方が起こり得ることを示すために使用され、例えば、A及び/又はBは、(A及びB)及び(A又はB)を含む。
「イオン交換膜」は、イオン含有ポリマーが、通常、ほとんどポリ陽イオン又はポリ陰イオンのどちらか一方だけである、イオン含有ポリマー(イオン交換樹脂としても知られている)を含む膜である。このポリマーの帯電している官能基の対イオンは、通常、小さな水溶性イオンであり、この水溶性イオンは、特に、電場又は濃度勾配の影響下で、膜ポリマーマトリックスを移動することができる。
「ポリマー」とは、少なくとも10,000ダルトン、少なくとも25,000ダルトン、少なくとも50,000ダルトン、少なくとも100,000ダルトン、少なくとも300,000ダルトン、少なくとも500,000ダルトン、少なくとも750,000ダルトン、少なくとも1,000,000ダルトン、又は少なくとも1,500,000ダルトンにもなり、かつポリマーの早期ゲル形成を引き起こす程の高分子量ではない数平均分子量(Mn)を有するマクロ構造を指す。
「ポリマー主鎖」とは、このポリマーの主な連続鎖を指す。
本明細書ではまた、端点による範囲の列挙は、その範囲内に含まれるすべての数を含む(例えば、1〜10は、1.4、1.9、2.33、5.75、9.98などを含む)。
アノード、カソード、及びそれらの間にある、陰イオン交換ポリマーを含むポリマー陰イオン交換膜であって、この陰イオン交換ポリマーがグアニジニウム、グアニジニウム誘導体、N−アルキル共役複素環式陽イオン又はそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの正に帯電している基を含む、ポリマー陰イオン交換膜を備えた電気化学デバイスを用意する工程と、
二酸化炭素を含む組成物をカソードに導入する工程と、
電気化学デバイスに電気エネルギーを適用して、二酸化炭素の電気化学的還元を行う工程とを含む、二酸化炭素の電気化学的還元の方法。
(a)(i)アノード電極、(ii)カソード電極、及び(iii)それらの間にある、陰イオン交換ポリマーを含むポリマー陰イオン交換膜であって、陰イオン交換ポリマーがグアニジニウム、グアニジニウム誘導体、N−アルキル共役複素環式陽イオン又はそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの正に帯電している基を含む、ポリマー陰イオン交換膜、及び(iv)ポリマー陰イオン交換樹脂に対向したカソード電極に隣接するカソード流場を備えた電気化学デバイスと、
(b)カソード電極において二酸化炭素を還元するために、二酸化炭素を含む組成物をカソード流場に供給するよう構成されている、二酸化炭素投入口とを備えた、二酸化炭素を還元するためのシステム。
カソードと、
(i)ポリマー陰イオン交換樹脂及びポリマー陽イオン交換樹脂を含むポリマー陰イオン交換膜層、並びに(ii)ポリマー陽イオン交換膜層を備えたバイポーラ膜と、
アノードとを備えた、二酸化炭素を電気化学的に還元するための物品。
カソードと、
(i)ポリマー陰イオン交換樹脂及びポリマー陽イオン交換樹脂を含むポリマー陽イオン交換膜層、並びに(ii)ポリマー陰イオン交換膜層を備えたバイポーラ膜と、
アノードとを備えた、二酸化炭素を還元するための物品。
(実施例)
COのモル%/(COのモル%+H2のモル%)として算出される。
結果を図3に示す。主要生成物は、水の電気分解に由来するH2ガスであるが、生成物の最大20%が一酸化炭素であった。排出物の残りは、未反応CO2であった。このアセンブリは、40分間の段階後に約18〜20%の選択性で、COを安定的に生成することを示した。
Claims (6)
- アノード、カソード、及びそれらの間にある、陰イオン交換ポリマーを含むポリマー陰イオン交換膜であって、前記陰イオン交換ポリマーがグアニジニウム、グアニジニウム誘導体、N−アルキル共役複素環式陽イオン又はそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの正に帯電している基を含む、ポリマー陰イオン交換膜を備え、液体電解質を実質的に含まない電気化学デバイスを用意することと、
二酸化炭素を含む組成物を前記カソードに導入することと、
前記電気化学デバイスに電気エネルギーを適用して、二酸化炭素の電気化学的還元を行うこととを含む、二酸化炭素の電気化学的還元の方法。 - 前記グアニジニウム誘導体が、チオウロニウム、ウロニウム又はそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記N−アルキル共役複素環式陽イオンが、N,N’−二置換イミダゾリウム、1,2,3−三置換イミダゾリウム、N−置換ピリジニウム、N−置換イソキノリニウム、N−二置換ピロリジニウム、又はそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマー陰イオン交換膜が、前記陰イオン交換ポリマーと陽イオン交換ポリマーとのブレンドを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記カソードが、標準水素電極に対して、−0.2V以下の負の電位で動作される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- (a)(i)アノード電極、(ii)カソード電極、及び(iii)それらの間にある、陰イオン交換ポリマーを含むポリマー陰イオン交換膜であって、前記陰イオン交換ポリマーがグアニジニウム、グアニジニウム誘導体、N−アルキル共役複素環式陽イオン又はそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの正に帯電している基を含む、ポリマー陰イオン交換膜、及び(iv)ポリマー陰イオン交換樹脂に対向した前記カソード電極に隣接するカソード流場を備え、液体電解質を実質的に含まない電気化学デバイスと、
(b)前記カソード電極において二酸化炭素を還元するために、前記二酸化炭素を含む組成物を前記カソード流場に供給するよう構成されている、二酸化炭素投入口とを備えた、二酸化炭素を還元するためのシステム。
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