JP2013515336A - カソード構造が改善されたリチウム電池及びリチウム電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
カソード構造が改善されたリチウム電池及びリチウム電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 120
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
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- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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Abstract
Description
この課題は、独立請求項に記載されている方法及び装置によって解決される。
Claims (10)
- 電子伝導性且つリチウムイオン伝導性の支持体材料から成るカソード構造を備えたリチウム電池において、
前記カソード構造(10)は連続した支持体層(12)を含んでおり、該連続した支持体層(12)には基底面(12’)が設けられており、該基底面(12’)からは複数のウェブ(14)が延びており、該ウェブ(14)にはウェブ面(14’)が設けられており、該ウェブ面(14’)からは支持構造(16)が延びており、該支持構造(16)には支持面が設けられており、該支持面上に活性物質(18)が分布していることを特徴とする、リチウム電池。 - 前記基底面(12’)、前記ウェブ(14)及び前記支持構造(16)は素材結合により相互に直接的に接続されており、且つ、隣接するウェブの支持構造は相互に対向して配置されているが、相互に直接的には接続されておらず、特に、前記支持体層は電気的なコンタクト(150)を含んでおり、該電気的なコンタクト(150)は前記リチウム電池のカソード端子を形成する、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記支持体層(12)は前記ウェブ(14)と共に支持体材料の凍結鋳込み成形によって形成されており、前記支持構造(16)は前記ウェブ面上に析出されたナノ構造又はナノワイヤによって設けられており、前記ナノ構造又はナノワイヤは前記支持体材料から形成されている、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記リチウム電池は更に、絶縁性且つリチウムイオン伝導性の材料から成る固体電解質構造(20)を含んでおり、該固体電解質構造(20)上には前記連続した支持体層が配置されており、
前記支持体層の前記基底面(12’)側とは反対側の面は、前記固体電解質構造(20)上に直接的に配置されており、
前記リチウム電池は更に、リチウム層を備えているアノード構造(30)を含んでおり、該アノード構造(30)上には前記固体電解質構造(20)が直接的に配置されており、
更に有利には、前記アノード構造の表側及び裏側にそれぞれ前記固体電解質構造が直接的に配置されており、且つ、前記固体電解質構造上にはそれぞれ支持体層が配置されており、
前記ウェブは前記アノード構造の両面において、所属の支持体層から延びている、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記支持体材料はリチウムに対して最大で2.9V又は最大で2Vの電極電位を有しており、特に、リチウムチタン酸化物又はLi4-xMgxTi5O12(但し0≦x≦2又は0≦x≦1)もしくは、Li4-xMgxTi5-y(Nb,Ta)yO12(但し0≦x≦2又は0≦x≦1且つ0≦y≦0.1又は0≦y≦0.05)、又は、Li2-xMgxTi3-y(Nb,Ta)yO7(但し0≦x≦1又は0<x<0.5且つ0<y<0.03)を含んでおり、
前記活性物質は、硫黄又は硫黄粒子を含む、又は、リチウムと酸素の反応を支援するための触媒物質を含む、又は、α−MnO2若しくはナノクリスタルα−MnOを含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池を複数備えているリチウム蓄電池において、
該リチウム蓄電池は更に保持部(380−396)を含んでおり、該保持部(380−396)内に複数のリチウム電池が積層体の形態で配置されており、
前記保持部は更に電気的なコンタクト(380,382,392,394)を含んでおり、該電気的なコンタクト(380,382,392,394)を用いて電池が相互に電気的に接続されており、前記電気的なコンタクトは有利には差込コンタクトを含んでいることを特徴とするリチウム蓄電池。 - リチウム電池の製造方法において、
電子及びリチウムイオンに対して伝導性である支持体材料の凍結鋳込み成形によってカソード構造を形成し、同一の凍結鋳込み成形ステップによって、連続した基底面(12’)が設けられている連続した支持体層(12)と、前記基底面から延びる複数のウェブ(14)とを形成し、
前記支持体層及び前記複数のウェブを形成した後に、前記支持体材料をマイクロ構造又はナノ構造の形態で、有利にはナノワイヤとして析出することによって前記ウェブから延びる支持構造(16)を形成し、
形成された前記支持構造によって設けられる支持面上に活性物質(18)を分散させることを特徴とする、リチウム電池の製造方法。 - 更に、絶縁性且つリチウムイオン伝導性の材料から固体電解質構造(20)を、例えばプレート又は層の形態で形成し、
凍結鋳込み成形のステップにおいて注型ベースとして使用される前記固体電解質構造(20)上に前記支持体材料を凍結鋳込み成形することによって、前記カソード構造(10)を前記固体電解質構造(20)上に直接的に被着させる、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 更に、アノード構造を形成し、固体電解質層において前記カソード構造が被着されるカソード構造の面とは反対側の面にアノード層を配置し、
但し、前記アノード構造を、
(i)二つの部分層として設けられているリチウム層(130)を形成し、前記二つの部分層間に電極層(132)を配置し、前記二つの部分層を該二つの部分層間に位置する前記電極層と接続させることにより形成するか、又は、
(ii)リチウムが混合されている発泡金属層によって形成するか、又は、
(iii)有利には前記カソード構造がそれぞれの固体電解質構造上に被着される前に、相互に配置されている二つの固体電解質構造の間に中間空間を形成し、該中間空間へのリチウムの電気化学的なポンプによって、又は、該中間空間へのリチウムの流し込みによって、該中間空間にリチウムを注入することによって形成する、請求項8に記載の方法。 - リチウム蓄電池の製造方法において、
請求項7乃至9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム電池の製造方法を実施し、該リチウム電池の製造方法において更に、
前記リチウム電池のカソード電極(150)を構成する電気的なコンタクトを、前記支持体層と電気的に接続させて、有利には前記支持体層の側縁に配置し、前記リチウム電池のアノード電極を構成する別の電気的なコンタクト(132)をリチウム電池に配置し、有利には前記支持体層の別の側縁に配置し、
リチウム蓄電池の製造方法は更に、
積層体の形態の複数のリチウム電池を、内部に電気的なコンタクトが設けられている保持部(380−396)内に配置し、該配置を、前記保持部の前記電気的なコンタクト(390,392)に前記リチウム電池を差し込み、前記カソード電極及び前記アノード電極を前記保持部の前記電気的なコンタクトと電気的に接続させることにより行なうことを特徴とする、リチウム蓄電池の製造方法。
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