JP2013016684A - 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013016684A JP2013016684A JP2011149054A JP2011149054A JP2013016684A JP 2013016684 A JP2013016684 A JP 2013016684A JP 2011149054 A JP2011149054 A JP 2011149054A JP 2011149054 A JP2011149054 A JP 2011149054A JP 2013016684 A JP2013016684 A JP 2013016684A
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Abstract
【解決手段】絶縁基板の片面に表面電極パターンが、および絶縁基板の他の面に裏面電極パターンが、それぞれ形成された半導体素子基板と、表面電極パターンの、絶縁基板とは反対側の面に接合材を介して接合された半導体素子と、この半導体素子および表面電極パターンを覆う第一の封止樹脂と、絶縁基板の表面で、少なくとも表面電極パターンまたは裏面電極パターンが形成されていない部分と第一の封止樹脂とを覆う第二の封止樹脂と、を備え、第二の封止樹脂の弾性率は、第一の封止樹脂の弾性率よりも小さいとともに、第一の封止樹脂の半導体素子に対応する中央部分が周辺部分よりも厚みが厚くなるように段差を設けた。
【選択図】図1
Description
が小さい第二の封止樹脂において応力が緩和されるとともに、第一の封止樹脂の端部での応力集中が緩和され、封止樹脂に亀裂が生じたり、基板から剥離を起こしたりし難く、高温動作による動作不良を起こし難い信頼性の高い半導体装置を得ることができる。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1による半導体装置の基本構造を示す断面図、図2は封止樹脂、配線、および端子を取り除いて示す本発明の実施の形態1による半導体装置の基本構造の上面図である。図1は、図2のA−A位置に相当する位置で切断した断面図であり、封止樹脂、配線および端子を含めて示している。絶縁基板1の上面に表面電極パターン2、裏面に裏面電極パターン3が貼られた半導体素子基板4の表面電極パターン2の表面に半導体素子5、6がはんだなどの接合材7で固着されている。ここで、例えば半導体素子5は大電流を制御するMOSFETのような電力用半導体素子であり、半導体素子6は例えば電力用半導体素子5に並列に設けられる還流用のダイオードである。半導体素子基板4は裏面電極パターン3側がベース板10にはんだなどの接合材70で固着されており、このベース板10が底板となり、ベース板10とケース側板11とでケースが形成される。第一の封止樹脂12が、半導体素子5、6と表面電極パターン2を覆うように設けられている。また、半導体素子基板4の絶縁基板1が露出する部分、および第一の封止樹脂12を含めて、ケース内のものを覆うように第二の封止樹脂120が設けられている。表面電極パターン2および各半導体素子には各半導体素子の電極などを外部に電気接続するための配線13が接続され、配線13が端子14に接続されている。
のセラミック粉を添加して用いることもできるが、これに限定するものではなく、AlN、BN、Si3N4、ダイアモンド、SiC、B2O3などを添加しても良く、シリコーン樹脂やアクリル
樹脂などの樹脂製の粉を添加しても良い。粉形状は、球状を用いることが多いが、これに限定するものではなく、破砕状、粒状、リン片状、凝集体などを用いても良い。粉体の充填量は、必要な流動性や絶縁性や接着性が得られる量であれば良い。ただし、第二の封止樹脂120の弾性率は、第一の封止樹脂12の弾性率よりも小さくなければならない。
用いるが、これに限定するものではなく、アルミや鉄を用いても良く、これらを複合した材料を用いても良い。また表面は、通常、ニッケルメッキを行うが、これに限定するものではなく、金や錫メッキを行っても良く、必要な電流と電圧を半導体素子に供給できる構造であれば構わない。また、銅/インバー/銅などの複合材料を用いても良く、SiCAl、CuMoなどの合金を用いても良い。また、端子14及び表面電極パターン2は、封止樹脂に埋設されるため、樹脂との密着性を向上させるため表面に微小な凹凸を設けても良く、化学的に結合するようにシランカップリング剤などで接着補助層を設けても良い。
、銅やアルミの表面電極パターン2および裏面電極パターン3を設けてあるものを指す。半導体素子基板4は、放熱性と絶縁性を備えることが必要であり、上記に限らず、セラミック粉を分散させた樹脂硬化物、あるいはセラミック板を埋め込んだ樹脂硬化物のような絶縁基板1に、表面電極パターン2および裏面電極パターン3を設けたものでも良い。また、絶縁基板1に使用するセラミック粉は、Al2O3、SiO2、AlN、BN、Si3N4などが用いら
れるが、これに限定するものではなく、ダイアモンド、SiC、B2O3、などを用いても良い
。また、シリコーン樹脂やアクリル樹脂などの樹脂製の粉を用いても良い。粉形状は、球状を用いることが多いが、これに限定するものではなく、破砕状、粒状、リン片状、凝集体などを用いても良い。粉体の充填量は、必要な放熱性と絶縁性が得られる量が充填されていれば良い。絶縁基板1に用いる樹脂は、通常エポキシ樹脂が用いられるが、これに限定するものではなく、ポリイミド樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、アクリル樹脂などを用いても良く、絶縁性と接着性を兼ね備えた材料であれば構わない。
図5、図6は、本発明の実施の形態2による半導体装置の製造方法を示す模式図である。図5、図6において、図1、図3と同一符号は同一または相当する部分を示す。あらかじめ、図7および図8の斜視図で示すようなエポキシ樹脂製の区画壁124、および第一の封止樹脂副部となる第一の封止樹脂副部枠125を形成しておく。まず、半導体素子基板4に半導体素子5、6及びベース板10をはんだにて接合する。その後、区画壁124を設置・熱硬化して半導体素子基板4の表面電極パターン2に接合する(図5(A)、図5(B))。区画壁124の表面電極パターン2への接合は、例えばエポキシ樹脂を接着剤として用いる。また、区画壁124は、樹脂が半硬化したBステージ状態の組成物を用い、表面電極パターン2に密着させ加熱してCステージ化して接合することで形成することも可能である。ここでいうBステージとは、熱硬化性樹脂の反応の中間的な段階であって、材料は加熱により軟化して膨張するが、ある種の液体と接触しても、完全には溶融又は溶解しない段階を示し、Cステージとは硬化の最終段階となった樹脂の状態を示す。従って、区画壁としての形状は維持するが、加熱による溶融とCステージ化によって表面電極パターンに接合することが出来る樹脂の状態を示す。なお、区画壁124を構成する樹脂のCステージ化は、以下に示す第一の封止樹脂12を構成した段階までに完了していればよく、例えば区画壁124を表面電極パターン2に接合する段階で完了していてもよい。
図9、図10は、本発明の実施の形態2による半導体装置の製造方法を示す模式図である。図9、図10において、図1、図3、図5、図6と同一符号は同一または相当する部分を示す。まず、上治具21と下治具22で構成される分割式の治具を用いてエポキシ樹脂製の区画壁124を半導体素子基板4に形成する(図9(A))。この区画壁124を形成した半導体素子基板4に半導体素子5、6及びベース板10をはんだにて接合する(図9(B))。次に、端子14が設けられたケース側板11をベース板10に取り付け、必要な配線13を施す(図9(C))。次に、区画壁124の内部に第一の封止樹脂主部122となるエポキシ樹脂をポッティングする(図10(A))。その後、形成した第一の封止樹脂主部122の上部に第一の封止樹脂副部123をさらにポッティングし、熱硬化させて半導体素子の上部のみ第一の封止樹脂12の厚みを厚くする(図10(B))。その後、耐熱性シリコーンゲルをケース内部に満たし熱硬化して第二の封止樹脂120を形成して(図10(C))、半導体装置が出来上がる。本実施の形態3の製造方法で製造した半導体装置にあっては、区画壁124、第一の封止樹脂主部122、第一の封止樹脂副部123が、図1で示した構造の半導体装置の第一の封止樹脂12を構成する。
上に直接形成されるため、工数の短縮が図れ、生産性が向上できる。また、表面電極パターン2の線膨張率に近い線膨張率を有する区画壁124は半導体素子基板4の表面電極パターン2上に存在しており、絶縁基板1と区画壁124の線膨張率の差に起因するはく離やクラック等が生じないため、半導体装置の信頼性が向上する。さらに、第一の封止樹脂12全体は半導体素子近傍の中央部分が厚く、周辺部分は樹脂厚が薄い、段差を有する構造である。このため、実施の形態1において説明したように、半導体素子基板4の表面電極パターン2端部と第一の封止樹脂界面(本実施の形態3においては、区画壁124)に生じるひずみ応力が低減され、表面電極パターン/樹脂界面でのはく離が抑制でき、半導体装置の信頼性が向上する。
図11〜図14は、本発明の実施の形態4による半導体装置の製造方法を示す模式図である。図11〜図14において、図1〜図10と同一符号は同一、または相当する部分を示す。まず、図11で示すような、絶縁基板1の片面に表面電極パターン2、他方の面に裏面電極パターン3、が貼りつけられた半導体素子基板4を準備する。ここで、図11(A)は半導体素子基板4の上面図、図11(B)は図11(A)のB−B位置に相当する位置で切断した断面図である。ここでは、表面電極パターン2が分離され、半導体素子基板4の周辺部分以外の部分にも表面電極パターン2が形成されず絶縁基板1が露出する露出部20を有する半導体素子基板4を例にして説明する。
本実施の形態5では、本発明による構造、および従来の構造の試験用の半導体装置モジュールを作製し、パワーサイクル試験およびヒートサイクル試験を行った結果を実施例として示す。
図5、図6に示す本発明の半導体装置の製造方法で作製した半導体装置、および比較例の半導体装置を作製し、ヒートサイクル及びパワーサイクル実施前後でPDIV(PD Inception Voltage:部分放電開始電圧)測定を実施した。本発明の構造の半導体装置においては、区画壁、及び第一の封止樹脂副部枠、接着剤、第一の封止樹脂主部には、サンユレック製EX-550(弾性率7.0GPa)を用いた。その後、第二の封止樹脂として信越化学工業社製KE1833(弾性率3.5MPa)を用い熱硬化させてケース内部を満たした。また比較例として、特許文献1、2に開示されている構造を模擬した半導体装置、すなわち段差を有しない、第一の封止樹脂が半導体素子基板の絶縁基板が露出する部分も覆っている構造の半導体装置を作製した。
3:裏面電極パターン 4:半導体素子基板
5、6:半導体素子 7、70:接合材
10:ベース板 11:ケース側板
12:第一の封止樹脂 13:配線
14:端子 120:第二の封止樹脂
121:中央部分 122:第一の封止樹脂主部
123:第一の封止樹脂副部 124:区画壁
125:第一の封止樹脂副部枠 126:応力緩和区画壁
Claims (10)
- 絶縁基板の片面に表面電極パターンが、および上記絶縁基板の他の面に裏面電極パターンが、それぞれ形成された半導体素子基板と、
上記表面電極パターンの、上記絶縁基板とは反対側の面に接合材を介して接合された半導体素子と、
この半導体素子および上記表面電極パターンを覆う第一の封止樹脂と、
上記絶縁基板の表面で少なくとも上記表面電極パターンまたは上記裏面電極パターンが形成されていない部分と、上記第一の封止樹脂とを覆う第二の封止樹脂と、を備え、
上記第二の封止樹脂の弾性率は、上記第一の封止樹脂の弾性率よりも小さいとともに、上記第一の封止樹脂の上記半導体素子に対応する中央部分が周辺部分よりも厚みが厚くなるように段差を設けたことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 上記第一の封止樹脂は、少なくとも上記半導体素子全体を被覆する第一の封止樹脂主部と、この第一の封止樹脂主部に上乗せするように設けられた第一の封止樹脂副部とにより構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 上記第一の封止樹脂主部の樹脂材料と上記第一の封止樹脂副部の樹脂材料は、線膨張率の差が15ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体素子がワイドバンドギャップ半導体により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置。
- ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料またはダイアモンドの半導体であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の半導体装置。
- 請求項2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法であって、
上記半導体素子基板の周辺部であって、上記表面電極パターンが形成された側に区画壁を設ける工程と、
上記半導体素子基板の区画壁内の表面電極パターン表面に上記半導体素子を、上記半導体素子基板の裏面電極パターン表面にベース板を、それぞれ接合する工程と、
上記ベース板の周辺に、端子を有するケース側板を接合して、このケース側板と上記ベース板とでケースを構成し、上記半導体素子および上記表面電極パターンから上記端子への配線を施す工程と、
上記区画壁内を上記第一の封止樹脂主部の樹脂材料で満たし、この第一の封止樹脂主部の樹脂材料に上記第一の封止樹脂副部の樹脂材料を載置する工程と、
上記第一の封止樹脂主部の樹脂材料と、上記第一の封止樹脂副部の樹脂材料とを硬化させる工程と、
上記ケース内を上記第二の封止樹脂の樹脂材料で満たし、この第二の封止樹脂の樹脂材料を硬化させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 上記第一の封止樹脂主部の樹脂材料は、上記第一の封止樹脂副部の樹脂材料よりも粘度が低く、上記第一の封止樹脂副部の樹脂材料はチクソ性を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 上記第一の封止樹脂副部の樹脂材料は、チクソ性を示す指標であるTI値が2以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 上記区画壁は、上記表面電極パターン上に設けられ、上記区画壁の弾性率は、上記第二の
封止樹脂の弾性率よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 上記区画壁は、上記半導体素子基板の周辺部の、少なくとも絶縁基板が露出する部分に設けられ、上記区画壁の弾性率は、上記第一の封止樹脂の弾性率よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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