JP2012221824A - リチウムイオン二次電池、電子機器、電動工具、電動車両および電力貯蔵システム - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池、電子機器、電動工具、電動車両および電力貯蔵システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012221824A JP2012221824A JP2011088092A JP2011088092A JP2012221824A JP 2012221824 A JP2012221824 A JP 2012221824A JP 2011088092 A JP2011088092 A JP 2011088092A JP 2011088092 A JP2011088092 A JP 2011088092A JP 2012221824 A JP2012221824 A JP 2012221824A
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Abstract
【解決手段】リチウムイオン二次電池は、セパレータ23を介して対向された正極および負極と、電解液とを備えている。正極、負極およびセパレータのうちの少なくとも1つは、特定のPSQ骨格を有する有機ケイ素化合物を含んでいる。このPSQ骨格は、[R1SiO3/2 ]m または[R2SiO3/2 ]n [XSiO3/2 ]nー1(R1およびR2は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基など、Xは水素基など、mおよびnは4〜12の整数である。)で表される。
【選択図】図2
Description
(R1は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基、シクロアルキル基、あるいはアリール基であり、mは4〜12の整数である。)
(R2は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基、シクロアルキル基、あるいはアリール基であり、Xは水素基、ハロゲン基、不飽和結合を含むアルキル基、エステル基、不飽和結合を含むエステル基、ハロゲン化シリル基、またはハロゲン化シリル基を含むアルキル基であり、nは4〜12の整数である。)
1.リチウムイオン二次電池
1−1.円筒型
1−2.ラミネートフィルム型
2.リチウムイオン二次電池の用途
図1および図2は、本技術の一実施形態におけるリチウムイオン二次電池(以下、単に「二次電池」という。)の断面構成を表しており、図2では、図1に示した巻回電極体20の一部を拡大している。
ここで説明する二次電池は、いわゆる円筒型である。この二次電池では、ほぼ中空円柱状の電池缶11の内部に、巻回電極体20と、一対の絶縁板12,13とが収納されている。巻回電極体20は、例えば、セパレータ23を介して正極21と負極22とが積層および巻回されたものである。
正極21は、例えば、正極集電体21Aの片面または両面に正極活物質層21Bが設けられたものである。正極集電体21Aは、例えば、Al、Niまたはステンレスなどの導電性材料により形成されている。
(MはCo、Mn、Fe、Al、V、Sn、Mg、Ti、Sr、Ca、Zr、Mo、Tc、Ru、Ta、W、Re、Yb、Cu、Zn、Ba、B、Cr、Si、Ga、P、SbおよびNbのうちの少なくとも1種であり、zは0.005<z<0.5である。)
負極22は、例えば、負極集電体22Aの片面または両面に負極活物質層22Bが設けられたものである。
セパレータ23は、正極21と負極22とを隔離して、両極の接触に起因する電流の短絡を防止しながらリチウムイオンを通過させるものである。このセパレータ23は、例えば、合成樹脂あるいはセラミックからなる多孔質膜であり、2種類以上の多孔質膜が積層された積層膜でもよい。合成樹脂としては、例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリプロピレンあるいはポリエチレンなどが挙げられる。
セパレータ23には、液状の電解質である電解液が含浸されている。この電解液は、溶媒に電解質塩が溶解されたものであり、必要に応じて各種添加剤などの他の材料を含んでいてもよい。
電解質塩は、例えば、以下で説明するリチウム塩のいずれか1種類または2種類以上を含んでいる。ただし、電解質塩は、リチウム塩以外の他の塩(例えばリチウム塩以外の軽金属塩)でもよい。
ここで、正極21、負極22およびセパレータ23のうちの少なくとも1つは、下記の式(1)および式(2)で表されるポリシルセスキオキサン骨格(以下「PSQ骨格」という。)を有する有機ケイ素化合物(以下、単に「有機ケイ素化合物」ともいう。)のうちの少なくとも一方を含んでいる。この有機ケイ素化合物により、正極21または負極22などの表面に強固な被膜が形成されるからである。これにより、電池内の抵抗を増加させすぎないと共にリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保しつつ、電解液の分解反応などの副反応の発生が抑制される。よって、特に、高温環境中で副反応の発生が著しく抑制される。なお、有機ケイ素化合物は、1種類だけでもよいし、2種類以上でもよい。
(R1は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基、シクロアルキル基、あるいはアリール基であり、mは4〜12の整数である。)
(R2は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基、シクロアルキル基、あるいはアリール基であり、Xは水素基、ハロゲン基、不飽和結合を含むアルキル基、エステル基、不飽和結合を含むエステル基、ハロゲン化シリル基、またはハロゲン化シリル基を含むアルキル基であり、nは4〜12の整数である。)
この二次電池では、充電時に、例えば、正極21から放出されたリチウムイオンが電解液を介して負極22に吸蔵される。この場合には、高い電池容量を得るために、充電電圧(完全充電状態における開回路電圧)を4.25V以上とすることが好ましい。一方、放電時には、例えば、負極22から放出されたリチウムイオンが電解液を介して正極21に吸蔵される。
この二次電池は、例えば、以下の手順により製造される。
この円筒型の二次電池によれば、正極21、負極22およびセパレータ23のうちの少なくとも1つが式(1)および式(2)に示したPSQ骨格を有する有機ケイ素化合物のうちの少なくとも一方を含んでいる。これにより、上記したように、高温環境中でも、電池内の抵抗を増加させすぎないと共にリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保しつつ、電解液の分解反応などの副反応が発生が抑制される。よって、高温特性を向上させることができるため、高温環境中でもサイクル特性および安全性を確保できる。特に、充電電圧を4.25V以上に高くしても、同様の効果を得ることができる。
図5は、本技術の一実施形態における他のリチウムイオン二次電池の分解斜視構成を表しており、図6は、図5に示した巻回電極体30のVI−VI線に沿った断面を拡大して示している。以下では、既に説明した円筒型のリチウムイオン二次電池の構成要素を随時引用する。
ここで説明する二次電池は、いわゆるラミネートフィルム型である。この二次電池では、フィルム状の外装部材40の内部に巻回電極体30が収納されており、その巻回電極体30は、セパレータ35および電解質層36を介して正極33と負極34とが積層および巻回されたものである。正極33には正極リード31が取り付けられていると共に、負極34には負極リード32が取り付けられている。この巻回電極体30の最外周部は、保護テープ37により保護されている。
この二次電池では、充電時に、例えば、正極33から放出されたリチウムイオンが電解質層36を介して負極34に吸蔵される。この場合には、円筒型の場合と同様に、高い電池容量を得るために充電時の電圧を4.25V以上とすることが好ましい。一方、放電時には、例えば、負極34から放出されたリチウムイオンが電解質層36を介して正極53に吸蔵される。
このゲル状の電解質層36を備えた二次電池は、例えば、以下の3種類の手順により製造される。
このラミネートフィルム型の二次電池によれば、正極33、負極34およびセパレータ35のうちの少なくとも1つが式(1)および式(2)に示したPSQ骨格を有する有機ケイ素化合物のうちの少なくとも一方を含んでいる。よって、上記した円筒型の二次電池と同様の理由により、高温特性を向上させることができる。特に、ラミネートフィルム型では、電解液の分解反応などの副反応に起因して発生するガスの影響を受けて電池膨れが生じやすいため、より高い効果を得ることができる。これ以外の作用および効果は、円筒型と同様である。
次に、上記したリチウムイオン二次電池の適用例について説明する。
以下の手順により、図1および図2に示した円筒型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
負極活物質として炭素材料に代えて金属系材料(ケイ素またはSnCoC)を用いたことを除き、実験例1−1〜1−49と同様の手順で二次電池を作製した。この場合でも高温特性を調べたところ、表4〜表6に示した結果が得られた。
Claims (9)
- セパレータを介して対向された正極および負極と、電解液とを備え、
前記正極、前記負極および前記セパレータのうちの少なくとも1つは、下記の式(1)および式(2)で表されるポリシルセスキオキサン骨格を有する有機ケイ素化合物のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、
リチウムイオン二次電池。
[R1SiO3/2 ]m ・・・(1)
(R1は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基、シクロアルキル基、あるいはアリール基であり、mは4〜12の整数である。)
[R2SiO3/2 ]n [XSiO3/2 ]nー1 ・・・(2)
(R2は炭素数=1〜12のアルキル基、アルケニル基またはアルキニル基、シクロアルキル基、あるいはアリール基であり、Xは水素基、ハロゲン基、不飽和結合を含むアルキル基、エステル基、不飽和結合を含むエステル基、ハロゲン化シリル基、またはハロゲン化シリル基を含むアルキル基であり、nは4〜12の整数である。) - 前記正極は正極集電体の上に正極活物質層を有すると共に、前記負極は負極集電体の上に負極活物質層を有し、前記正極活物質層および前記負極活物質層のうちの少なくとも一方は前記有機ケイ素化合物を含む、請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極は正極集電体の上に正極活物質層を有すると共に、前記負極は負極集電体の上に負極活物質層を有し、前記正極活物質層および前記負極活物質層のうちの少なくとも一方に前記有機ケイ素化合物を含む被覆層が設けられている、請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記セパレータは、多孔質膜である基材層と、その基材層の少なくとも一方の面に設けられた被覆層とを有し、前記被覆層は前記有機ケイ素化合物を含む、請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 完全充電状態における開回路電圧は4.25V以上である、請求項1記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を用いた電子機器。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を用いた電動工具。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を用いた電動車両。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を用いた電力貯蔵システム。
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WO2014027532A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-02-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法 |
JPWO2014027532A1 (ja) * | 2012-08-16 | 2016-07-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウム二次電池およびその製造方法 |
KR101458097B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-11-05 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 가교성 사다리형 폴리실세스퀴옥산을 이용한 유무기 하이브리드 겔 고분자 전해질의 제조방법 및 이에 의하여 제조된 유무기 하이브리드 겔 고분자 전해질 |
JP2016031868A (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 全固体二次電池、電池用電極シート、電池用電極シートの製造方法、固体電解質組成物、固体電解質組成物の製造方法、および全固体二次電池の製造方法 |
KR101754915B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-07-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
US10454086B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-10-22 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Separator for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
JP2020119640A (ja) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-08-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 集電体 |
JP7052740B2 (ja) | 2019-01-18 | 2022-04-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 集電体 |
KR20220023002A (ko) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-03-02 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | 대면적 대전체 폴리머 필름, 그의 제조방법 및 그를 이용한 마찰전기 발전소자 |
KR102491045B1 (ko) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-01-19 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | 대면적 대전체 폴리머 필름, 그의 제조방법 및 그를 이용한 마찰전기 발전소자 |
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US20120263994A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
CN102738504B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
US8795870B2 (en) | 2014-08-05 |
CN102738504A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
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