JP2012126746A - ヒト化c−Kit抗体 - Google Patents
ヒト化c−Kit抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012126746A JP2012126746A JP2012077479A JP2012077479A JP2012126746A JP 2012126746 A JP2012126746 A JP 2012126746A JP 2012077479 A JP2012077479 A JP 2012077479A JP 2012077479 A JP2012077479 A JP 2012077479A JP 2012126746 A JP2012126746 A JP 2012126746A
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、線維症などc−Kitに関連する障害を処置する組成物および方法に、より具体的には、ヒト化c−Kit抗体を含む組成物に関する。本発明は、モノクローナル抗体など、細胞結合型の膜c−KitレセプターにおけるSCFのアンタゴニストおよびニュートラルアンタゴニストである作用物質を提供する。c−Kitに結合するヒト化(非マウス)モノクローナル抗体を提供する。本発明は、前出の抗体または特異的結合因子のいずれかをコードする核酸配列をも提供する。
【選択図】なし
Description
本願は、2006年4月24日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/794,771号(これは、本明細書に参考として援用される)に基づく利益を主張する。
肥満細胞は、喘息、関節リウマチ、および炎症性腸疾患などの炎症性状態の媒介に関与しており、アレルギー性炎症における役割が広く認知されている。肥満細胞は、重度の喘息患者由来の肺外植片において数が増大し、ロイコトリエン、ヒスタミン、およびTh2サイトカインなどの、臨床的に重要な炎症メディエータの主要な供給源である。肥満細胞は、疾患組織中のあらかじめ形成されたTNFの主要な供給源である。
本発明は、モノクローナル抗体など、細胞結合型の膜c−KitレセプターにおけるSCFのアンタゴニストおよびニュートラルアンタゴニストである作用物質を提供する。より具体的な実施形態において、c−Kitに結合するヒト化(非マウス)モノクローナル抗体を提供する。さらにより具体的な実施形態において、本発明のヒト化抗体は、配列番号2、4、および6に示すアミノ酸配列から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む。本発明は、前出の抗体または特異的結合因子のいずれかをコードする核酸配列をも提供する。本発明に関連する実施形態において、前述の核酸配列のいずれかを含むベクターを提供する。さらに別の実施形態において、前述の核酸またはベクターのいずれかを含む宿主細胞を提供する。
例えば、本願発明は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
c−Kitに特異的に結合し、配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、結合因子。
(項目2)
配列番号2に示す可変領域のアミノ酸配列と95%以上同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1に記載の結合因子。
(項目3)
配列番号2に示す可変領域のアミノ酸配列と98%以上同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目1に記載の結合因子。
(項目4)
配列番号4のアミノ酸配列をさらに含む、項目1に記載の結合因子。
(項目5)
相補性決定領域において少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有し、c−Kitに対する結合因子の親和性が維持される、項目1に記載の結合因子。
(項目6)
1つの保存的アミノ酸置換が存在する、項目5に記載の結合因子。
(項目7)
c−Kitに特異的に結合し、配列番号4に示すアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、結合因子。
(項目8)
配列番号4に示す可変領域のアミノ酸配列と95%以上同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目7に記載の結合因子。
(項目9)
配列番号4に示す可変領域のアミノ酸配列と98%以上同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目7に記載の結合因子。
(項目10)
配列番号2のアミノ酸配列をさらに含む、項目7に記載の結合因子。
(項目11)
相補性決定領域において少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有し、c−Kitに対する結合因子の親和性が維持される、項目7に記載の結合因子。
(項目12)
1つの保存的アミノ酸置換が存在する、項目11に記載の結合因子。
(項目13)
c−Kitに特異的に結合し、配列番号6に示すアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、結合因子。
(項目14)
配列番号6に示す可変領域のアミノ酸配列と95%以上同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目13に記載の結合因子。
(項目15)
配列番号6に示す可変領域のアミノ酸配列と98%以上同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、項目13に記載の結合因子。
(項目16)
配列番号2のアミノ酸配列をさらに含む、項目13に記載の結合因子。
(項目17)
相補性決定領域において少なくとも1つの保存的アミノ酸置換を有し、c−Kitに対する結合因子の親和性が維持される、項目13に記載の結合因子。
(項目18)
1つの保存的アミノ酸置換が存在する、項目17に記載の結合因子。
(項目19)
表面プラズモン共鳴分析により決定される、c−Kitに対して10 −2 未満のアビディティーkdを示す、項目1から18のいずれか一項に記載の結合因子。
(項目20)
配列番号2、4、または6に示すアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、c−Kitに結合する特異的結合因子をコードする核酸配列。
(項目21)
配列番号1、3、または5に示す群から選択される核酸と少なくとも90%同一である核酸配列を含む核酸。
(項目22)
項目20から21のいずれかに記載の核酸配列を含む、ベクター。
(項目23)
項目22に記載のベクターを含む、宿主細胞。
(項目24)
c−Kit特異的結合因子を産生する方法であって、項目23に記載の宿主細胞を培養することによって、前記核酸を発現させて該特異的結合因子を産生する工程を含む、方法。
(項目25)
前記宿主細胞培養物から前記特異的結合因子を回収する工程をさらに含む、項目24に記載の方法。
(項目26)
被験体における線維症、炎症、自己免疫、または癌に関連するc−Kit疾患またはc−Kit障害を低減または処置する方法であって、治療有効量のc−Kit抗体を被験体に投与する工程を含む、方法。
(項目27)
前記障害または疾患が線維症である、項目26に記載の方法。
(項目28)
アンタゴニスト抗体が、ヒト抗体、ヒト化抗体、単鎖抗体、または抗体断片からなる群から選択される、項目26に記載の方法。
(項目29)
ペプチドまたはポリペプチド結合因子、可溶性レセプターまたは可溶性ヘテロダイマーレセプターが、Fcドメインをさらに含む、項目28に記載の方法。
(項目30)
前記線維性障害が、強皮症、間質性肺疾患、間質性肺線維症、慢性B型肝炎または慢性C型肝炎から生じる線維症、放射線が誘発する線維症、および創傷治癒から生じる線維症からなる群から選択される、項目27に記載の方法。
(項目31)
線維症促進性サイトカインに対する第2のアンタゴニストを投与する工程をさらに含み、該サイトカインがトランスホーミング増殖因子β(TGF−β)、インターロイキン−4(IL−4)、インターロイキン−5(IL−5)、インターロイキン−9(IL−9)、インターロイキン−13(IL−13)、顆粒球/マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)、腫瘍壊死因子α(TNF−α)、インターロイキン−1β(IL−1β)、結合組織成長因子(CTGF)、インターロイキン−6(IL−6)、オンコスタチンM(OSM)、血小板由来成長因子(PDGF)、単球化学誘導タンパク質1(CCL2/MCP−1)、ならびに肺および活性化調節型ケモカイン(CCL18/PARC)から選択される、項目30に記載の方法。
(項目32)
治療有効量の項目1に記載の組成物を含む、線維性障害に罹患する被験体において線維症を低減または予防するための薬学的組成物。
マウス抗ヒトc−Kit抗体SR−1については、米国特許第5,919,911号および米国特許第5,489,516号に記載され、それぞれは参考として本明細書に援用される。SR−1は、c−Kitに適する結合特性を示し、SCF媒介レセプターシグナル伝達を遮断したが、この分子は、明白な免疫原性の問題を乗り越えてヒト治療において所望となるすべての特性を有したわけではなかった。Broudyは、SR−1が、レセプターの内在化およびリン酸化を生じうる、一定のアゴニスト様活性を有することを報告した(J Cell Physiol、1994年3月、第158巻、第3号、545〜554頁)。これらの機能的な活性は、該分子の有効性および安全性を低下させる。モノクローナル抗体のヒト化は確立された手法であり、生物学的活性も適切に翻訳されると一般に期待されるが、ヒトフレームワークに依存するヒト化SR−1抗体のコンフォメーションは、c−Kitにおいて異なる内在的活性を生じ、このため、異なる生物学的機能を生じる可能性がある。この特定の例では、所望の薬理学的特性が求められ、非所望の「アゴニスト性の」特性は求められないであろうが、これを達成する手法は公表されていない。SR−1抗体の相補性決定領域を、構造的に異なるIgG1およびIgG2およびIgG4のヒト重鎖およびヒト軽鎖の独自の組み合わせに挿入したところ、意外にも、c−Kitに対する同様の親和性を維持した。しかし、これらのフレームワーク領域の各々は、欠陥を有することが分かった。
配列番号1は、SR−1ヒト化κ軽鎖をコードする核酸を表す。
被験体の免疫グロブリンのアミノ酸配列は、直接のタンパク質配列決定により決定してよく、これをコードする適切なヌクレオチド配列は、共通コドン表により設計することができる。
当該分野で公知である標準的な手順(Morrison,S.L.ら、1984年、「Chimeric Human antibody Molecules;Mouse Antigen Binding Domains with Human Constant Region Domains」、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA、第81巻、6841〜6855頁;およびBoulianne,G.L.ら、Nature、第312巻、643〜646頁、1984年)を用いて、げっ歯類モノクローナル抗体のIg可変ドメインをヒトIg定常ドメインに融合するキメラモノクローナル抗体を産生することができる。一部のキメラモノクローナル抗体はヒトにおいて免疫原性が低いことが分かっているが、げっ歯類Ig可変ドメインは、やはり、顕著なヒト抗げっ歯類反応をもたらしうる。
所望の特異的結合因子または抗体のアミノ酸配列改変体は、コードDNAに適切なヌクレオチド変化を導入すること、またはペプチド合成により調製してよい。こうした変異は、例えば、特異的結合因子または抗体のアミノ酸配列内における残基の欠失および/または挿入および/または置換を含む。欠失、挿入、および置換の任意の組み合わせを行うことによる最終構築物が所望の特性を有するならば、最終構築物に到達する。アミノ酸の変化は、グリコシル化部位の数または位置の変化など、特異的結合因子またはヒト化抗体もしくは改変体抗体の翻訳後プロセスを変化させることがある。
アミノ酸配列の挿入は、1残基〜100以上の残基を含むポリペプチドの範囲の長さのアミノ末端融合および/またはカルボキシ末端融合のほか、単一または複数のアミノ酸残基の配列内挿入を含む。末端挿入の例は、N末端のメチオニル残基を含む特異的結合因子もしくは抗体、またはエピトープタグもしくはサルベージレセプターエピトープに融合した特異的結合因子もしくは抗体(抗体断片を含む)を含む。特異的結合因子または抗体分子の他の挿入改変体は、特異的結合因子または抗体分子の血清半減期を増大させるポリペプチドへの融合、例えば、N末端またはC末端における融合を含む。
改変体の別の種類は、アミノ酸置換改変体である。これらの改変体は、除去した特異的結合因子または抗体分子中の少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基と、その代りに挿入した異なる残基とを有する。超可変領域もしくはCDR領域またはフレームワーク領域のいずれかの内部における置換突然変異誘発が企図される。保存的置換を表1に示す。「好ましい置換」の見出しの下に、最高度の保存的置換が見出される。該置換が生物学的活性の変化をもたらさない場合、表1で「例示的置換」と称するか、またはアミノ酸クラスとの関連で下記に詳しく述べるより実質的な変化を導入し、その産物をスクリーニングしてよい。
(2)中性で親水性:cys、ser、thr;
(3)酸性:asp、glu;
(4)塩基性:asn、glu、his、lys、arg;
(5)鎖の配向性に影響する残基:gly、pro;および
(6)芳香族性:trp、tyr、phe。
親和性成熟は、親である特異的結合因子または抗体のCDR内に突然変異(欠失、挿入、または置換)を有する特異的結合因子または抗体の改変体を調製およびスクリーニングし、親である特異的結合因子または抗体と比べて結合親和性などの生物学的特性を改良した改変体を選択することを含む。こうした置換改変体を産生する好都合な方式は、ファージディスプレイ法を用いる親和性成熟である。略述すると、複数の超可変領域部位(例えば、6〜7部位)を突然変異させて、各部位に可能なすべてのアミノ置換を産生する。こうして産生された特異的結合因子または抗体の改変体は、各粒子内にパッケージ化されたM13の遺伝子III産物への融合体として、フィラメント状のファージ粒子から一価の様式で提示しうる。次いで、ファージディスプレイされた改変体を、その生物学的活性(例えば、結合親和性)についてスクリーニングする。
親である特異的結合因子または抗体と比べて、グリコシル化のパターンが改変された、例えば、特異的結合因子もしくは抗体に見出される1つ以上の炭水化物部分を欠失する、および/または特異的結合因子もしくは抗体に存在しない1つ以上のグリコシル化部位を付加する、特異的結合因子または抗体の改変体をも産生することができる。
Fc領域において、1つ以上のシステイン残基を除去または挿入し、これによって、この領域における鎖間のジスルフィド結合の形成を排除または増進してよい。こうして産生されたホモダイマーの特異的結合因子または抗体は、内在化能が向上し、かつ/または補体媒介性細胞死滅および抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)が増大しうる。Caronら、J.Exp Med.、第176巻、1191〜1195頁、1992年、およびShopes,B.、J.Immunol.、第148巻、2918〜2922頁、1992年を参照。ホモダイマーの特異的結合因子または抗体は、Wolffら、Cancer Research、第53巻、2560〜2565頁、1993年に記載のヘテロ二官能性架橋剤を用いて調製してもよい。あるいは、2つのFc領域を有する特異的結合因子または抗体を加工することができ、これによって、補体溶解およびADCC能力を高めることもできた。Stevensonら、Anti−Cancer Drug Design、第3巻、219〜230頁、1989年を参照。
特異的結合因子または抗体の共有結合改変も、本発明の適用範囲内に含まれる。該当の場合、特異的結合因子または抗体の化学的合成または酵素的開裂もしくは化学的開裂により該改変を行ってよい。選択した側鎖またはN末端残基もしくはC末端残基と反応しうる有機誘導体化剤と標的アミノ酸残基を反応させることにより、共有結合改変の他の種類を特異的結合因子または抗体に導入することができる。
「処置」とは、障害の発現を予防するまたは障害の病理を変化させる意図により行う介入である。したがって、「処置」とは、治療的処置および予防的(prophylactic or preventative)措置の両方を指す。処置を要する被験体は、既に障害を伴う被験体のほか、障害を予防すべき被験体をも含む。
本発明の方法の実施において用いる抗c−Kit特異的結合因子または抗c−Kit抗体は、所望の送達法に適する担体を含む薬学的組成物へと処方してよい。適切な担体は、抗c−Kit特異的結合因子およびニュートラルアンタゴニスト剤または抗体と併用するとき、c−Kitにおける高親和性結合および効力を保持し、被験体の免疫系と非反応性である任意の物質を含む。例は、滅菌リン酸緩衝生理食塩液、静菌性水など多数の標準的な薬剤担体のいずれかを含むがこれに限定されない。各種の水性担体、例えば、水、緩衝水、0.4%生理食塩水、0.3%グリシンなどを用いてよく、安定性を高めるために、軽度の化学改変などを施したアルブミン、リポタンパク質、グロブリンなど他のタンパク質を含めてよい。
本発明の抗体は、他の抗炎症治療剤との併用で投与してもよい。併用投与は、作用物質がその治療効果を及ぼす期間に一定の重複が存在する限りにおいて、異なる時点および異なる経路における2つの異なる治療剤の投与を含む。当該分野で公知である例示的な抗c−Kit剤は、イマチニブメシレート(GleevecTM)を含む。イマチニブメシレートは、Ablチロシンキナーゼ由来のシグナル伝達にも拮抗するので、特異的なc−Kitインヒビターではないことに注意すべきである。
SR−1は、所望の機能活性であることはいまだ示されていないが、意外にも、親和性を維持するのに必要な復帰突然変異なしに、直鎖状のCDRグラフトによりヒト化された。もっとも規範的な残基を保持し、付加的なプロリン残基を導入しなかったヒトフレームワークを、アクセプター配列として選んだ。これらの基準に基づく重鎖のアクセプター配列は、フレームワークIおよびIIに対応するVH1 1−46、フレームワークIIIに対応するVH1 1−eであり、JH4をもっとも近接するJ領域(フレームワークIVとしても知られる)とした。軽鎖のアクセプター配列は、VK4 B3生殖細胞系列の配列であり、JK2をもっとも近接するJ領域とした。
幹細胞因子(SCF)による結合と同時にc−Kitが活性化すると、もっとも高い可能性でクラスリン依存性経路を介して、ダイマー化/オリゴマー化、自己リン酸化、およびレセプター内在化が生じる。SR−1モノクローナル抗体は、Biacoreによる定量の通り、可溶性c−Kitの細胞外ドメインモノマーと比べて1000倍高い親和性でc−Kitダイマーに結合する。速度論的モデル化は、SR−1が、放出された可溶性レセプターのモノマーがng/mL単位で存在する場合でさえ、天然の膜結合型レセプターに選択的に結合することを示唆する。
ヒト巨核芽球細胞株UT−7は生存でSCFに依存し、SCFの除去またはその阻害が急速な生存能力の喪失および増殖の低下をもたらす。このアッセイは、SCFアンタゴニストのIC50効力の定量に適する。hSR−1 aIgG1は、35pMの平均IC50を示した。
骨髄CD34+細胞由来の培養ヒト肥満細胞を用いて、化合物の見かけの効力および序列を評価した。hSR−1 aIgG1は、SCF依存性の肥満細胞生存を阻害し、肥満細胞への生存シグナルを与えず、c−Kitレセプターのリン酸化を媒介せず(図3)、同型の肥満細胞凝集の媒介能力を示さなかった。しかし、hSR−1 IgG2は、SCFによる肥満細胞生存を遮断することはできたが、それ自体が生存シグナルを与え、c−Kitレセプターのリン酸化を媒介する部分アゴニスト活性を示し、肥満細胞のクラスター化に対する再現効果をもたらした。非ヒト霊長類において、hSR−1 aIgG1を4週間にわたり週1回、最高30mg/kg、または2週間にわたり週1回、皮下で最高150mg/kgをインビボで投与したところ、この抗体に予測外の異常は観察されなかった。
予備的なPK試験を実施して、3mg/kgでの単回の静脈内投与または皮下投与後の雄カニクイザルにおけるhSR−1 IgG2とhSR−1 aIgG1とのPKを比較した。時間プロフィールは、いずれについても非線形性のPKを示す。低濃度では、濃度がより急速に低下した。2つの抗体は、カニクイザルにおける単回の静脈内投与または皮下投与後のC0/CmaxおよびAUC0−tlastで測定した通り、同様の曝露を示した。AUC0−tlastによれば、血清クリアランスは、いずれのヒト化抗体についても約≦0.3mL/時間/kgであった。バイオアベイラビリティは、皮下投与後におけるhSR−1 aIgG1およびhSR−1 IgG2のヒト化SR−1バージョンについて、それぞれ、約82%および69%であった。
Cmax=皮下投与後における最大濃度
Tmax=Cmaxの時点
AUC0−tlast=時点0から定量可能な濃度を有する最終時点までの濃度−時間曲線下面積
CL=静脈内投与後におけるクリアランス;CL/F=皮下投与後における見かけのクリアランス
F%=バイオアベイラビリティ%
aAUC0−tlastに基づき計算したクリアランス
−該当なし
C0、Cmax、AUC0−{last}、CL、CL/F、およびF%は、3つの重要な図に報告される。
肥満細胞増大の創傷PDモデルにおける最小有効用量は、サルにおける2週間にわたり週1回投与する<0.3mg/kgである。体表面積に基づく用量変換によれば、ヒトにおける最小有効用量は、同等の投与法で<0.1mg/kgとなると推定される。ただし、現時点では、hSR−1 aIgG1によるヒトにおけるc−Kit阻害の程度と持続との間のPKおよび薬力学的な関係、ならびに臨床的評価項目が未知であるため、これは、予備的な推定である。より正確な推定は、より多くの薬物動態および薬力学データが入手されるときになされるであろう。
ヒトにおいて、トリプターゼを発現し、キマーゼを欠く肥満細胞MCtは、おもに肺および結腸などの粘膜組織に局在し、このサブタイプが皮膚およびより高いレベルで一部の強皮症患者の皮膚において検出されていることは、この状態における肥満細胞の活性化の別の可能性を示唆する。トリプターゼおよびキマーゼの両方を発現する肥満細胞MCtcも、これら組織の一部に同時に局在化し、強皮症および他の線維性状態に同様に関連している。したがって、いずれのサブタイプも、粘膜組織および結合組織に関わる疾患(例えば、IPF、SSc、喘息、RA、およびIBD)におけるc−Kitインヒビターの主要標的となるであろう。肥満細胞は、一般に、長命であり組織常駐型であるため、治療剤は、高度に強力、有効であり、良好な分布容積およびPKを有することも必要となるであろう。さらに、肥満細胞は、活性化して脱顆粒し、新規にメディエータを合成し、次いで、これらが炎症反応において重要な役割を果たすまで、大部分は休眠中である。
皮膚への損傷には活発な炎症反応が続き、ここでは、まず好中球が、次いでマクロファージおよび肥満細胞が、近傍の組織から、また、組織の循環、肉芽形成、および再上皮化、ならびに線維芽細胞に関連する創傷基底結合組織の収縮に由来して移動する(Diegelmann RFら、Front.Biosci.、2004年1月1日、第9巻、283〜289頁)。皮膚創傷は、関与する細胞型の多くがこの疾患と関連するため、線維症において重要となりうる機構を研究するモデルである。さらに、皮膚創傷は、ヒトにおいて、線維芽細胞由来SCFにおける肥満細胞の増加および活性化および密度の上昇と関連することが報告されている(Trautmann Aら、J.Pathol.、2000年1月、第190巻、第1号、100〜106頁)。サルにおける皮膚創傷の後、肥満細胞数は時間依存的に増大し、ヒトにおける範例と同等の、創傷後第14日に到達するプラトーを示す。
マウスの遺伝子解析は、c−Kitが胚発生中の造血において役割を果たすことを示すが、ヒトにおいては、限局性皮膚白皮症の被験体における不活性化型および/または機能喪失型のヘテロ接合c−Kit突然変異が、血液学的異常と結びついていない。造血幹細胞の可動化にはSCFがG−CSFとともに用いられるので、SCFおよびc−Kitは、ヒトの造血において重要である。さらに、おもにBCR−ABL、PDGFR、およびc−Kitを標的とする多重キナーゼインヒビターであるGleevecは、その主要な薬理学的効果として骨髄抑制を有し、GIST患者において、グレード3〜4の重度の貧血症および血小板減少症が報告されている(Hensley MLら、Semin.Hematol.、2003年4月、第40巻、第2号補遺2、21〜25頁)。
IC50の>8000倍であった。肥満細胞枯渇の最大限の有効性は、UT−7 IC50の>7倍において達成された。これらのデータは、c−Kitの阻害がメラニン細胞機能に影響し、過剰なメラニン細胞活性を特徴とする疾患においては、遮断のためにより高度の用量/曝露量が必要となりうることを示唆する。
マウス試験は、c−Kitが、分化したc−Kitレセプター陽性精原細胞の保持および増殖に重要であるが、精原細胞分化の初期段階には重要でないことを示している。不活性c−Kitレセプターの対立遺伝子についてヘテロ接合体である限局性皮膚白皮症の被験体が、雌雄ともに繁殖可能であることは、この程度のc−Kit不活性化が、始原生殖細胞の発達、精子形成、または卵子形成に影響を及ぼさないらしいことを示唆する。
ヒト化抗c−Kit非グリコシル化IgG1(hSR−1 aIgG1)抗体は、c−Kitシグナル伝達の近位側および遠位側のリードアウトを用いて調べる細胞に基づくすべてのアッセイで中和している、高度に強力で特異的な抗体である。本来、該抗体は、マウスモノクローナルSR−1親抗体について報告されるc−Kitレセプターの内在化またはリン酸化を媒介しない。ヒト化IgG1アイソタイプ、ヒト化IgG2アイソタイプ、およびヒト化IgG4アイソタイプに対する非グリコシル化IgG1アイソタイプの選択は、標準的な手法に基づいては予測されなかったであろう。hSR−1 aIgG1は、該抗体が、膜c−Kitレセプターにおいて適切な薬理学的特性を示し、c−Kitおよび肥満細胞におけるアゴニスト活性を回避し、バイスタンダー効果によるエフェクター機能および細胞死滅を欠くことを示す新たな実験により、経験的に選択された。この抗体は、サルにおいて、良好な皮下バイオアベイラビリティおよび半減期、非線形性のPKおよび標的を介する飽和抗体の除去、ならびに肥満細胞の枯渇を示した。これらのデータは、ヒトにおいて有効な肥満細胞枯渇用量を予測するであろう。
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