JP2012107241A - エアロゲル/ptfe複合絶縁材料 - Google Patents
エアロゲル/ptfe複合絶縁材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2012107241A JP2012107241A JP2011252955A JP2011252955A JP2012107241A JP 2012107241 A JP2012107241 A JP 2012107241A JP 2011252955 A JP2011252955 A JP 2011252955A JP 2011252955 A JP2011252955 A JP 2011252955A JP 2012107241 A JP2012107241 A JP 2012107241A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- airgel
- insulating
- ptfe
- thermal conductivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D19/00—Gloves
- A41D19/015—Protective gloves
- A41D19/01529—Protective gloves with thermal or fire protection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/20—Cooling means
- G06F1/203—Cooling means for portable computers, e.g. for laptops
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
- B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
- B29C63/08—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
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Landscapes
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】エアロゲル粒子及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)バインダーからなる組成物。該組成物は大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する材料を形成する。該材料は成型可能又は成形可能であり、フィラー粒子の脱落がほとんどないか又は全くなく、例えば二つの外層の間に該材料を接着することにより、テープのような構造体又は複合体を形成することができる。有利には、複合体は、顕著な発塵又は絶縁特性の損失を伴わずに、屈曲、伸長又は折り曲げることができる。
【選択図】なし
Description
絶縁構造体から脱落した粒子数は、注入物中の粒子状物質を測定するためのUSP788の方法を用いて決定した。絶縁材料の小さいサンプル(約0.64cm×0.32cm〜1.3cm×1.3cm)を、超音波を印加した水槽に漬けたビーカー中で、50質量%の脱イオン水と50質量%のイソプロピルアルコールの混合物150〜200cm3の中に入れた。粒子は2分間超音波をかけて抽出した(Branson 2200 ultrasonic bath)。試験の前に、イソプロピルアルコール/水の混合物を、0.22μm Millipore メチルセルロースフィルターを通して濾過した。単位体積あたりの脱落粒子数は、レーザ粒子計測(LPC)手法を用い、8000Aカウンタ及びMC200レーザを備えたHIAC Royco 液体シリンジサンプラ3000Aにより、100cm3/分で0.2〜5μmの範囲で測定した。単位体積あたりの脱落粒子数は、絶縁材料を含むサンプル中の粒子数の読値から、ブランクサンプル中の粒子数(バックグラウンド計数)の読値を引くことで決定した。バックグラウンド計数は、全ての測定について、サンプル計数よりも少なくとも1000倍は低かった。絶縁材料1グラムあたりの脱落粒子数は、式(サンプル計数[/cm3]−ブランク計数[/cm3])×抽出体積[cm3]/抽出された領域[g]を用いて計算した。絶縁材料単位面積あたりの脱落粒子数は、式(サンプル計数[/cm3]−ブランク計数[/cm3])×抽出体積[cm3]/抽出された領域[cm2]を用いて計算した。値はサンプルの既知の形状及び体積密度から計算した。単位質量及び単位面積あたりの脱落粒子の総数は、0.2〜2.5μmの範囲にわたって脱落した粒子の総数を合計して計算した。
本発明のサンプルの熱伝導率は、大気条件(約298K及び101.3kPa)において、特注の熱流計型熱伝導率試験機を用いて測定した。試験機は、表面に埋め込まれた熱流計(Model FR−025−TH44033,Concept Engineering,Old Saybrook,Connecticut)及び温度センサ(サーミスタ)を備えている加熱されたアルミニウム板、並びに室温に維持されておりその表面にも温度センサが埋め込まれている第2のアルミニウム板からなる。
表1:実施例3の絶縁構造体及びAspenエアロゲルブランケット(Aspen AR3100及びAspen AR5200)から脱落した総粒子数の比較
表2:Aspenエアロゲルブランケットと実施例3の絶縁構造体の総脱落粒子数の比率
Claims (98)
- エアロゲル粒子と、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)バインダーを含む材料であって、該材料が大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する材料。
- 該材料が大気条件において約20mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該材料が大気条件において約17mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約100nm以下の平均空孔サイズを有する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約40質量%以上存在する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約60質量%以上存在する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約80質量%以上存在する、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが無機酸化物から形成されている、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルがシリカエアロゲルである、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該材料が、約50nmから約600μmの粒径を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)粒子から形成されている、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 乳白化剤、色素、ファイバー及びポリマーから選択される、少なくとも一種の追加の構成要素をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該乳白化剤が、カーボンブラック、二酸化チタン、酸化鉄類、シリコンカーバイド、モリブデンシリサイド、酸化マンガン又はアルキル基が1〜4個の炭素原子を含むポリジアルキルシロキサン類である、請求項11に記載の材料。
- 該材料が粉末である、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該材料が成形可能又は成型可能である、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該材料がパテである、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該材料が二重壁の容器の二つの壁の間にある、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 該材料がテープである、請求項1に記載の材料。
- 二つの層及び該二つの層の間に接着した材料を含む構造体であって、該材料がエアロゲル粒子及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)バインダーを含む構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが液体に対して不透過性である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが気体に対して不透過性である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 層の少なくとも一つが金属ホイル及び金属化ポリマーフィルムから選択される、請求項19に記載の構造体。
- 層の少なくとも一つが金属ホイル及び金属化ポリマーフィルムから選択される、請求項20に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つがアルミニウム又は銅である、請求項19に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つがアルミニウム又は銅である、請求項20に記載の構造体。
- 該不透過性層が延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)を含む、請求項19に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが気体に対して透過性である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つが水蒸気に対して透過性である、請求項26に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つが延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)を含む、請求項27に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つが連続したポリマーフィルムを含む、請求項26に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つがポリウレタンを含む、請求項29に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが弾性体である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが熱可塑性弾性体である、請求項31に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つがポリウレタン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド及びこれらの共重合体を含む、請求項32に記載の構造体。
- 該絶縁材料が大気条件において約25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該絶縁材料が大気条件において約20mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該材料が大気条件において約17mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該エアロゲルが無機酸化物から形成されている、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該エアロゲルがシリカエアロゲルである、請求項37に記載の構造体。
- 該エアロゲルが約40質量%以上の該材料を構成する、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該材料が少なくとも一種の追加の構成要素をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該材料が乳白化剤をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該材料が接着剤を使用しない接着によって二層の間に接着している、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該材料が接着剤によって二層の間に接着している、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体がテープとして形成されている、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体が熱伝導率における実質的な変化を伴わずに屈曲する又は巻きつくことができる、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体がパイプの周りに巻きついて絶縁されたパイプを形成している、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体が衣料において用いられる挿入体である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体が履物において用いられる挿入体である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体が手袋において用いられる挿入体である、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 該構造体が約0.5mm以上の厚さを有する、請求項18に記載の構造体。
- 少なくとも二つの表面、及び少なくとも二つの表面の間の絶縁材料を含む物品であって、該絶縁材料がエアロゲル粒子及び相互連結したポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)フィブリルを含み、該絶縁材料が大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する物品。
- 該絶縁材料がパテである、請求項51に記載の絶縁構造体。
- 少なくとも一つの表面が剛直である、請求項51に記載の絶縁された物品。
- 少なくとも一つの表面が柔軟である、請求項51に記載の絶縁された物品。
- 該表面が無孔性である、請求項51に記載の絶縁された物品。
- 該表面が二重壁のパイプの二つの壁である、請求項51に記載の絶縁された物品。
- 該表面が二重壁の容器の二つの壁である、請求項51に記載の絶縁された物品。
- 二つの層を用意し、及び該二つの層の間に絶縁材料を提供することを含む、構造体を形成する方法であって、該絶縁材料がエアロゲル粒子及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)バインダーを含み、該絶縁材料が大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、構造体を形成する方法。
- 該構造体の少なくとも3辺をシールし、該構造体を真空にし、及び圧力を大気圧より低くするために該構造体の4番目の辺をシールする段階をさらに含む、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 該構造体がテープである、請求項58に記載の方法。
- エアロゲル粒子、及び相互連結したポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)フィブリルを含む材料であって、該材料が大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する材料。
- 該相互連結したフィブリルが、他のポリテトラフルオロエチレンフィブリル又は粒子と相互連結している、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲル粒子が該相互連結したフィブリルの内部又は周囲に位置している、請求項62に記載の材料。
- 該材料が大気条件において約20mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該材料が大気条件において約17mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約40質量%以上存在する、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約60質量%以上存在する、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルが約80質量%以上存在する、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該エアロゲルがシリカである、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 乳白化剤、色素、ファイバー及びポリマーから選択される、少なくとも一種の追加の構成要素をさらに含む、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該材料が二つの層の間にコア材料を形成して複合構造体を形成している、請求項61に記載の材料。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが液体に対して不透過性である、請求項71に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが気体に対して不透過性である、請求項71に記載の構造体。
- 層の少なくとも一つが金属ホイル及び金属化ポリマーフィルムから選択される、請求項72に記載の構造体。
- 層の少なくとも一つが金属ホイル及び金属化ポリマーフィルムから選択される、請求項73に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つがアルミニウム又は銅である、請求項74に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つがアルミニウム又は銅である、請求項75に記載の構造体。
- 該不透過性層が延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)を含む、請求項72に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが気体に対して透過性である、請求項71に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つが水蒸気に対して透過性である、請求項79に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つが延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)を含む、請求項80に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つが連続したポリマーフィルムを含む、請求項79に記載の構造体。
- 該透過性層の少なくとも一つがポリウレタンを含む、請求項79に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが弾性体である、請求項71に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つが熱可塑性弾性体である、請求項84に記載の構造体。
- 該層の少なくとも一つがポリウレタン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド及びこれらの共重合体を含む、請求項85に記載の構造体。
- 該複合体が0.001Paから100000Paの間の真空圧力下にある、請求項51に記載の材料。
- 少なくとも一つの発熱する構成部品、筐体、及び該発熱する構成部品と該筐体の間に位置する絶縁構造体を含む、持ち運び可能な電子デバイス。
- 該絶縁構造体が大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項88に記載のデバイス。
- 該絶縁構造体がエアロゲル粒子及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)バインダーを含む絶縁材料を含む、請求項89に記載のデバイス。
- 該絶縁材料が二つの追加層をさらに含む複合体である、請求項90に記載のデバイス。
- 該筐体が表面を有し、該表面の少なくとも一部が使用者と直接接触するように設計されている、請求項88に記載のデバイス。
- 該デバイスがコンピュータである、請求項88に記載のデバイス。
- 該デバイスが携帯電話である、請求項88に記載のデバイス。
- 該二つの層が延伸ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)である、請求項91に記載のデバイス。
- 少なくとも一つの発熱する構成部品と表面を有する筐体とを有する持ち運び可能な電子デバイスを用意し、絶縁構造体を該発熱する構成部品と該筐体の間に配置し、そのことにより発熱する構成部品から該筐体の表面の少なくとも一部へ発生した熱が伝達することを防止又は遅延させる段階を含む方法。
- 該絶縁構造体がエアロゲル粒子及びポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)バインダーを含む材料を含み、該材料が大気条件において25mW/mK以下の熱伝導率を有する、請求項96に記載の方法。
- 該筐体の表面の少なくとも一部が使用者に直接接触するように設計されている、請求項96に記載の方法。
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