CN111823655A - 二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料及制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料及制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111823655A CN111823655A CN201910300789.5A CN201910300789A CN111823655A CN 111823655 A CN111823655 A CN 111823655A CN 201910300789 A CN201910300789 A CN 201910300789A CN 111823655 A CN111823655 A CN 111823655A
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- flexible elastic
- silicon dioxide
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料及其制备方法和用途,首先制备二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料,然后在膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜上涂布胶黏剂,与二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料进行贴合,并进行热压干燥,最后在室温内熟成24小时以上,即制得该复合材料,用途是将复合材料用于保暖服装、帐篷、防护服或鞋帽的里衬。通过上述方式,本发明的多层新颖结构的隔热保温透湿材料,具防风防雨水渗透和隔热保温等性能优势,并将优势充分发挥,用于各种保暖服装、帐篷、防护服和鞋帽的里衬,可消除因不透气造成的人体闷湿不舒服感,增强使用者的舒适感,提升产品质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料及制备方法和用途。
背景技术
目前市场上的里衬材料保暖性效果很差,尤其在春季、秋季和冬季,人们需要穿着很厚的外套棉衣、羊毛衫、毛线衣、棉裤、羽绒服和厚实的鞋帽等,上述衣料透风散热快,人体温度下降快,时常感到寒冷笨重;或者穿着皮衣和人造皮革的衣服,由于人造皮革做的面料衣服不透湿气,与人体之间构成了一个密封的人造气候环境,人会感到闷气湿热,穿久了会造成皮肤瘙痒过敏等不良反映,影响健康生活;也有保暖面料内衬中使用超薄PVC或PU塑料不透气膜来增强抗风能力,防止热气透出去,容易起静电和有闷气感强烈,静电加速皮肤的干燥和皮炎产生,闷气感强烈导致人体汗水蒸汽粘结在内衣和人体表面,引发皮炎和湿疹;目前市场上也有保暖的面料(如全面、涤棉、化纤)保暖的效果一般。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料及其制备方法和用途,能够具有防风防雨水渗透和隔热保温等性能,用在严寒酷暑的极端环境中使用,节约大量的能源。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的一个技术方案是:提供一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,首先制备二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料,然后在膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜上涂布胶黏剂,与二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料进行贴合,并进行热压干燥,最后在室温内熟成24小时以上,即制得二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述胶黏剂是溶剂型PU胶,用芳香族PU树脂用甲苯或MEK或DMF或醋酸乙脂(乙酸乙酯)稀释后形成的胶粘剂,胶黏剂的粘度范围20,000 ± 3,000 cps/LVT/25℃。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料是用二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体和高分子聚合物用发泡工艺包裹结合形成具有完全开孔、完全封闭孔或半开半闭孔结构的材料,其中二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体镶嵌在高分子聚合物形成的孔壁上,其制备方法包括将包含1-40wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体、高分子聚合物的原材料充分混合均匀,然后加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料挤出成拉片,拉片经过连续或间歇发泡的工艺,制得二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,高分子聚合物包括聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP、聚对苯二甲酸类塑料PET、乙烯、醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯PU、聚酰亚胺PI 、环氧树脂、三聚氰胺Melamine、天然橡胶NR、丁苯橡胶SBR、顺丁橡胶BR、异戊橡胶IR、氯丁橡胶CR、丁基橡胶IIR、丁晴橡胶NBR、氢化丁晴橡胶HNBR和乙丙橡胶EPM、EPDM中的一种或两种以上按比例混合而成的颗粒粉末。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,原材料中进一步包括硫化剂,硫化剂为有机硫化剂,包括有机过氧化物、醌肟化合物、多硫聚合物、氨基甲酸乙酯和马来酰亚胺衍生物中的一种或多种组合,用于激活高分子聚合物的双键使其进一步聚合。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,原材料中进一步包括阻燃剂,阻燃剂分为无机阻燃剂和有机阻燃剂,包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、三氧化二锑、卤系阻燃剂、氮磷系阻燃剂和氮系阻燃剂中的一种或多种组合。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,原材料中或进一步包括1-20wt%的玻璃微珠。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,热压干燥的温度为80℃-100℃。
在本发明还涉及一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料,根据上述方法制备而成,所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料的单面或双面贴合层压有膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜。
在本发明还涉及二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的用途,用于保暖服装、帐篷、防护服或鞋帽的里衬。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的将二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与膨体聚四氟乙烯 (ePTFE)的微孔薄膜单面或双面用胶黏剂涂布层压贴合牢固,形成多层新颖结构的隔热保温透湿材料,具防风防雨水渗透和隔热保温等性能优势,并将优势充分发挥,用于各种保暖服装、帐篷、防护服和鞋帽的里衬,可消除因不透气造成的人体闷湿不舒服感,增强使用者的舒适感,提升产品质量。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图,其中:
图1是本发明二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的一较佳实施例的结构示意图;
图2是本发明二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的另一较佳实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例包括:
一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料,包括二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料1和膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜2,二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料1的单面或双面贴合层压有膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜2,形成多层结构的隔热保温透湿材料,如图1和图2所示。
隔热保温透湿材料用于保暖服装、帐篷、防护服或鞋帽的里衬,使保暖服装、帐篷、防护服或鞋帽具有防风、防雨水渗透、轻柔、隔热保温、透湿和美观等性能。
透湿是指:人体、服装、外部环境这三者之间的保温和湿度满足人体舒适性的热平衡要求,使得人体表面与服装里层之间的热、湿等状况处于人体生理调节范围之内,营造一个舒适的人体表面与服装里层之间的微小型气候环境,人调节体温出汗形成的水蒸气的分子直径只有0.0004μm,该膨体聚四氟乙烯 (ePTFE)的微孔薄膜的微纤维构成了里外通透的0.1μm~20μm孔径的微孔,该微孔能够让汗液湿蒸气透过,该(ePTFE)的微孔薄膜优良的透湿性能,能及时把人体排出的水蒸气传输到外部环境,防止了水蒸气在内衣气候里面凝结成液态水,减小了传导热量散失的可能性,没有体感闷湿和湿冷的感觉,提高了使用者的舒适性。
防风是指:外界空气流不能透过面料与人体构成的内衣气候接触的特性,膨体聚四氟乙烯 (ePTFE)的微孔薄膜的微纤维构成了里外通透的0.1μm~20μm孔径的弯曲错位微孔道,薄膜迎风表面相对讲均是侧面风,风不能直接通过,遇到弯曲微纤维管道就会改变方向返回,薄膜表面密布大量微孔和层压复合面料结构一起可以有效阻止内外空气对流散热的发生,减少人体温度变化,从而起到保暖作用,因此具有优良的防风性能。
本发明还涉及二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,首先制备二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料1,然后在膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜2上涂布胶黏剂3,与二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料1进行贴合,并进行热压干燥,热压干燥的温度为80℃-100℃,最后在室温内熟成24小时以上,即制得二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料。
其中胶黏剂是溶剂型PU胶,用芳香族PU树脂用甲苯或MEK或DMF或醋酸乙脂(乙酸乙酯)稀释后形成的胶粘剂,胶黏剂的粘度范围20,000 ± 3,000 cps/LVT/25℃。
其中,胶黏剂厚度可视贴合材质种类及所要求物性调整,干燥条件视上胶厚度与烘箱效率调整之。
二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料是用二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体和高分子聚合物用发泡工艺包裹结合形成具有完全开孔、完全封闭孔或半开半闭孔结构的材料,其中二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体镶嵌在高分子聚合物形成的孔壁上,形成富有弹性和柔软性的紧密的结合。
二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末被高分子材料的泡壁紧密包裹束缚,赋予了气凝胶良好的拉伸、压缩、弯曲性能,使复合材料耐受外力冲击且气凝胶无脱落现象,无纤维气凝胶毡粉尘逸散的缺陷。
由于高分子材料的泡壁紧密包裹束缚了大量的纳微孔结构的二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末,二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末的导热系数极低,高比表面积的二氧化硅气凝胶的室温导热系数可低达0.013W/(m•k),这就大大降低了该复合材料的高分子材料泡壁的导热能力且具有较低的导热系数,本发明的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温复合材料经检测其室温导热系数<0.029W/(m•k), 其中二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉末含量较高的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温复合材料的室温导热系数可低达0.021W/(m•k)。
二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料导热系数处在0.021W/(m•k)~0.029W/(m•k)的区间,其导热系数与空气相当或低于空气的导热系数,具有优异的隔热保温性能。本发明的复合材料贴合、放置在目标物体和热源之间,即可实现热隔断保温保护,保护目标物体不受热源的影响。
二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料的制备方法,将二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体、高分子聚合物材料、发泡剂、增塑剂、润滑剂、阻燃剂、偶联剂、增强剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、填充剂、着色剂等材料在搅拌机中充分混合均匀,然后放入密炼机中加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料放入挤出机中挤出成片,经过切割成为具有一定尺寸与重量的胚料,把胚料放入发泡机中,连续发泡或间歇的发泡工艺技术过程后,取出发泡成型好的复合材料,经过后续的模切、纵切、剖切等加工,制得卷状或块体片材的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温复合材料。
高分子聚合物包括聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP、聚对苯二甲酸类塑料PET、乙烯、醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯PU、聚酰亚胺PI 、环氧树脂、三聚氰胺Melamine、天然橡胶NR、丁苯橡胶SBR、顺丁橡胶BR、异戊橡胶IR、氯丁橡胶CR、丁基橡胶IIR、丁晴橡胶NBR、氢化丁晴橡胶HNBR和乙丙橡胶EPM、EPDM中的一种或两种以上按比例混合而成的颗粒粉末。
二氧化硅气凝胶是一种防热隔热性能非常优秀的轻质纳米多孔非晶固体材料,其孔隙率高达80-99.8%,孔洞的典型尺寸为1-100nm,比表面积为200-1000m2/g,室温导热系数可低达0.013W/(m•k),是绝热保温的新材料。本发明的原材料中包括1-40wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体。
所述发泡工艺中的发泡剂为化学发泡剂,包括2,2'-偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、偶氮二甲酸钡、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯、偶氮胺基苯、亚硝基化合物类、N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二亚硝基对苯二甲酰胺、苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰肼、4,4’-氧化双苯磺酰肼、3,3’-二磺酰肼二苯砜、1,3-苯二磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰氨基脲、三肼基三嗪、5-苯基四唑或聚硅氧烷-聚烷氧基醚共聚物。
高分子材料的连续发泡技术一般有双螺杆连续挤出成型发泡、喷涂发泡。间歇发泡的技术有注射成型发泡、模压、吹塑和浇铸等成型方法。
原材料中进一步包括硫化剂,硫化剂为有机硫化剂,包括有机过氧化物(如过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化二异丙苯)、醌肟化合物、多硫聚合物、氨基甲酸乙酯和马来酰亚胺衍生物中的一种或多种组合,用于激活高分子聚合物的双键使其进一步聚合。
原材料中进一步包括填充料,填充料包括滑石粉、碳酸钙、石英砂或金刚砂,用于进一步改善复合材料的指定特性,包括密度、硬度或光泽度。
原材料中进一步包括阻燃剂,阻燃剂分为无机阻燃剂和有机阻燃剂,包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、三氧化二锑、卤系阻燃剂(有机氯化物和有机溴化物)、氮磷系阻燃剂和氮系阻燃剂中的一种或多种组合。
原材料中进一步包括调节复合材料颜色的着色剂,包括有机着色剂和无机着色剂,包括炭黑、钛白粉、锌粉、镉红、三氧化二铁、铬黄、锌黄等。
实施例1:用聚乙烯PE高分子链紧密包裹束缚了大量的纳微孔结构的二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末,原材料包括:100kg低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、15kg偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、0.6~0.8kg过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、3kg氧化锌(ZnO)、1kg硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)和20wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶。
间歇模压发泡块体片材的制备方法包括:将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)进行单独混合成粉末一,再将偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、氧化锌(ZnO)、硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)和二氧化硅气凝胶进行混合成粉末二,然后粉末一和粉末二放入密炼机中加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料放入挤出机中挤出成拉片,经过切割成为具有一定尺寸与重量的胚料,把胚料放入膜内发泡机内发泡,发泡完成后进行检验,最后加工成块体片材。
实施例2:用聚乙烯PE高分子链紧密包裹束缚了大量的纳微孔结构的二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末,原材料包括:100kg低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、15kg偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、0.6~0.8kg过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、3kg氧化锌(ZnO)、1kg硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)、40wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶、15wt%的氢氧化镁阻燃剂和5wt%的氢氧化铝阻燃剂。氢氧化镁阻燃剂的颗粒尺寸325目~800目,氢氧化铝阻燃剂的颗粒尺寸为325目~800目。
间歇模压发泡块体片材的制备方法包括:将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)进行单独混合成粉末一,再将偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、氧化锌(ZnO)、硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)、二氧化硅气凝胶、氢氧化镁阻燃剂和氢氧化铝阻燃剂进行混合成粉末二,然后粉末一和粉末二放入密炼机中加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料放入挤出机中挤出成拉片,经过切割成为具有一定尺寸与重量的胚料,把胚料放入膜内发泡机内发泡,发泡完成后进行检验,最后加工成具有阻燃性能的块体片材。
实施例3:用聚乙烯PE高分子链紧密包裹束缚了大量的纳微孔结构的二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末和玻璃微珠,原材料包括:100kg低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、15kg偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、0.6~0.8kg过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、3kg氧化锌(ZnO)、1kg硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)、15wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶和15wt%的玻璃微珠。
连续发泡卷状片材的制备方法包括:将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)进行单独混合成粉末一,再将偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、氧化锌(ZnO)、硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)、二氧化硅气凝胶和玻璃微珠进行混合成粉末二,然后粉末一和粉末二放入密炼机中加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料放入挤出机中挤出成拉片,经过切割成为具有一定尺寸与重量的粒装坯料,把胚料挤片、压光,放入发泡机内交联发泡,然后再进行泡孔定型,最后进行水洗、烘干,卷取后形成卷状片材。
实施例4:用聚乙烯PE高分子链紧密包裹束缚了大量的纳微孔结构的二氧化硅气凝胶的颗粒粉末和玻璃微珠,原材料包括:100kg低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、15kg偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、0.6~0.8kg过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、3kg氧化锌(ZnO)、1kg硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)、10wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶、10wt%的玻璃微珠、15wt%的氢氧化镁阻燃剂和5wt%的氢氧化铝阻燃剂。氢氧化镁阻燃剂的颗粒尺寸325目~800目,氢氧化铝阻燃剂的颗粒尺寸为325目~800目。
连续发泡卷状片材的制备方法包括:将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)进行单独混合成粉末一,再将偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、氧化锌(ZnO)、硬脂酸锌(ZnSt)、二氧化硅气凝胶、玻璃微珠、氢氧化镁阻燃剂和氢氧化铝阻燃剂进行混合成粉末二,然后粉末一和粉末二放入密炼机中加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料放入挤出机中挤出成拉片,经过切割成为具有一定尺寸与重量的粒装坯料,把胚料挤片、压光,放入发泡机内交联发泡,然后再进行泡孔定型,最后进行水洗、烘干,卷取后形成具有阻燃性能的卷状片材。
实施例5:用其它高分子泡壁固定二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉末,原材料包括:二氧化硅气凝胶35wt%,100kg分子量3000的聚醚,47kg甲苯二异氰酸酯(80/20),0.2kg三乙烯二胺,0.3kg辛酸亚锡,2.3kg硅油,3.5kg蒸馏水。
间歇式箱体发泡块状片材的制备方法,是将上述所有原材料在20-25℃的环境下高速混合搅拌时间8秒钟以上,然后倒入箱体内发泡成块。
实施例6:用聚异氰脲酸酯泡壁固定二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉末,原材料包括:二氧化硅气凝胶40wt%,80.5kg粗MDI,100kg聚异氰酸酯,6.1kg含羟基化合物,10kg含磷聚醚,1.43kg丙烯氧化物(其中含三聚催化剂),0.86kg硅油表面活性剂20kg3003聚醚,10kg发泡剂F-Ⅱ,0.5kg烷基磷化合物,0.58kg三苯酚,0.5kg表面活性剂,0.58kg氮杂环丙烯。
连续发泡块状片材的制备方法中需要将上述所有原材料充分混合的过程中,至少进行18秒时间的乳化,和45秒时间的固化,然后再进行拉片、切粒和发泡。
聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料(PIR)长期使用温度为150-180℃,阻燃性更优异,此外改性聚异氰脲酸酯还包括:氨基甲酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺、碳二亚胺等。
综合实施例1-6,二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料具有工艺简单,材料成本低,设备投入小的优点,产出的复合材料具有大尺寸、可连续生产的优势。
本发明将二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与膨体聚四氟乙烯 (ePTFE)的微孔薄膜单面或双面用胶黏剂涂布层压贴合牢固,形成多层新颖结构的隔热保温透湿材料,具防风防雨水渗透和隔热保温等性能优势,并将优势充分发挥,用于各种保暖服装、帐篷、防护服和鞋帽的里衬,可消除因不透气造成的人体闷湿不舒服感,增强使用者的舒适感,提升产品质量。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,首先制备二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料,然后在膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜上涂布胶黏剂,与二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料进行贴合,并进行热压干燥,最后在室温内熟成24小时以上,即制得二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述胶黏剂是溶剂型PU胶,用芳香族PU树脂用甲苯或MEK或DMF或醋酸乙脂(乙酸乙酯)稀释后形成的胶粘剂,胶黏剂的粘度范围20,000 ± 3,000cps/LVT/25℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料是用二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体和高分子聚合物用发泡工艺包裹结合形成具有完全开孔、完全封闭孔或半开半闭孔结构的材料,其中二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体镶嵌在高分子聚合物形成的孔壁上,其制备方法包括将包含1-40wt%的二氧化硅气凝胶颗粒粉体、高分子聚合物的原材料充分混合均匀,然后加压加热充分捏炼均匀,把捏炼好的原料挤出成拉片,拉片经过连续或间歇发泡的工艺,制得二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,高分子聚合物包括聚乙烯PE、聚丙烯PP、聚对苯二甲酸类塑料PET、乙烯、醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯PU、聚酰亚胺PI 、环氧树脂、三聚氰胺Melamine、天然橡胶NR、丁苯橡胶SBR、顺丁橡胶BR、异戊橡胶IR、氯丁橡胶CR、丁基橡胶IIR、丁晴橡胶NBR、氢化丁晴橡胶HNBR和乙丙橡胶EPM、EPDM中的一种或两种以上按比例混合而成的颗粒粉末。
5.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,原材料中进一步包括硫化剂,硫化剂为有机硫化剂,包括有机过氧化物、醌肟化合物、多硫聚合物、氨基甲酸乙酯和马来酰亚胺衍生物中的一种或多种组合,用于激活高分子聚合物的双键使其进一步聚合。
6.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,原材料中进一步包括阻燃剂,阻燃剂分为无机阻燃剂和有机阻燃剂,包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、三氧化二锑、卤系阻燃剂、氮磷系阻燃剂和氮系阻燃剂中的一种或多种组合。
7.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,原材料中或进一步包括1-20wt%的玻璃微珠。
8.根据权利要求1所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,热压干燥的温度为80℃-100℃。
9.一种二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料,其特征在于,根据权利要求1-8任一所述的方法制备而成,所述二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料的单面或双面贴合层压有膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔薄膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的二氧化硅气凝胶柔弹性隔热保温材料与ePTFE膜贴合层压的复合材料的用途,其特征在于,用于保暖服装、帐篷、防护服或鞋帽的里衬。
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