JP2010508425A - 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 - Google Patents
高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010508425A JP2010508425A JP2009535453A JP2009535453A JP2010508425A JP 2010508425 A JP2010508425 A JP 2010508425A JP 2009535453 A JP2009535453 A JP 2009535453A JP 2009535453 A JP2009535453 A JP 2009535453A JP 2010508425 A JP2010508425 A JP 2010508425A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- additive
- biodegradable
- polymer
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000013533 biodegradable additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 59
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 54
- -1 carboxylic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002975 chemoattractant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-en-4-olide Chemical compound O=C1CC=CO1 RHDGNLCLDBVESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000779 poly(divinylbenzene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003399 chemotactic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 claims 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 114
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 18
- 150000002241 furanones Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000222290 Cladosporium Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035605 chemotaxis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001606 poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000010907 Cyclooxygenase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010037462 Cyclooxygenase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007483 microbial process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N non-1-en-3-one Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)C=C HILCQVNWWOARMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000088 plastic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKAUYVFTDYCKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N -2-Amino-4-hydroxybutanoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCO UKAUYVFTDYCKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSFZDFIHIYXIEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethyl-2h-furan-5-one Chemical class CC1OC(=O)C(C)=C1C OSFZDFIHIYXIEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFNXFIJXYVEYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propylglutaric acid Chemical compound CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O IFNXFIJXYVEYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXERGIJHYVUXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-fluorophenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)furan-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=C(S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 NXERGIJHYVUXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIGLGQFBWGCQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methylhex-1-enyl)oxolan-2-one Chemical class CCCC(C)C=CC1CCOC1=O OEIGLGQFBWGCQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001019659 Acremonium <Plectosphaerellaceae> Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000534669 Albula vulpes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223600 Alternaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000131965 Aspergillus carneus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228193 Aspergillus clavatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000133597 Aspergillus deflectus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228197 Aspergillus flavus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001225321 Aspergillus fumigatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000132177 Aspergillus glaucus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000351920 Aspergillus nidulans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228257 Aspergillus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465318 Aspergillus terreus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203233 Aspergillus versicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700029181 Bacteria lipase activator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034309 Bacterial disease carrier Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000221198 Basidiomycota Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465178 Bipolaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010005098 Blastomycosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465180 Botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- DNOAKJMPNJIHPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC1C(OCC1)=O)CCC Chemical class CC(CCC1C(OCC1)=O)CCC DNOAKJMPNJIHPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001619326 Cephalosporium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480003 Chaetothyriales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000346819 Cladosporium macrocarpum Species 0.000 description 1
- DBPRUZCKPFOVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clorprenaline hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl.CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DBPRUZCKPFOVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 201000007336 Cryptococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000221204 Cryptococcus neoformans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000909206 Cryptostroma corticale Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-MGCNEYSASA-N D-galactonic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-MGCNEYSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001492222 Epicoccum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480035 Epidermophyton Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000427940 Fusarium solani Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000896533 Gliocladium Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000872577 Helicomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010034145 Helminth Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228402 Histoplasma Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004195 Isomerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000769 Isomerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010254 Jasminum officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005385 Jasminum sambac Species 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001598064 Memnoniella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480037 Microsporum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000179970 Monarda didyma Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010672 Monarda didyma Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001363490 Monilia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001633747 Negus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001236817 Paecilomyces <Clavicipitaceae> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000395955 Periconia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001223281 Peronospora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589776 Pseudomonas putida Species 0.000 description 1
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000235402 Rhizomucor Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000316848 Rhodococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223252 Rhodotorula Species 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000881765 Serratia ficaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000305302 Spegazzinia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894703 Sporoschisma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001085826 Sporotrichum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001279361 Stachybotrys Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDCBOTIENDVCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N TEPP Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OP(=O)(OCC)OCC IDCBOTIENDVCBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000006364 Torula Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001121162 Trichocladium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223238 Trichophyton Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000082085 Verticillium <Phyllachorales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940009098 aspartate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940091771 aspergillus fumigatus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008953 bacterial degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001064 degrader Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC=C BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000013 helminth Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005297 material degradation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000947 motile cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013370 mutualism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BQHTWZRFOSRCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);dicarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NC([S-])=S.NC([S-])=S BQHTWZRFOSRCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxaloacetate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(=O)C([O-])=O KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003899 penis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000030786 positive chemotaxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0033—Additives activating the degradation of the macromolecular compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/092—Polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1535—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1545—Six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08L25/06—Polystyrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
高分子は、一緒に結合された単量体と呼ばれるより小さな単位で構成された合成及び天然の巨大分子である。熱可塑性プラスチックは、融解又は変形することができ、加熱されると融解して液体となり、十分に冷却されると凍結してもろい、非常にガラス状の状態となる種類の高分子である。大部分の熱可塑性プラスチックは、分子鎖が弱いファンデルワールス力(ポリエチレンなど)、より強い双極子‐双極子相互作用及び水素結合(ポリアミドなど)、又は芳香族環の積層(ポリスチレンなど)によって会合する高分子量重合体である。熱可塑性高分子は、熱硬化性高分子と異なり、再融解され、再成形されることができるので、熱硬化性高分子とは別のものである。多くの熱可塑性材料は、付加重合体、例えば、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレンなどのビニル鎖成長重合体である。
生分解は、一般的に、酵素触媒加水分解、非酵素加水分解のどちらか又は両方からなると考えられる。酵素は、分子鎖内の内部鎖結合部を切断する内酵素又は末端の単量体単位を順次切断する外酵素のどちらでもよい。
細菌及び真菌を含むさまざまな微生物が高分子材料を分解する上で助けとなる。米国EPAの放射線及び屋内空気局(Office of Radiation and Indoor Air)のために作成された(2006年9月11日)廃棄物隔離パイロットプラントにおけるセルロース材料、プラスチック材料及びゴム材料の分解、及び酸化マグネシウム安全因子計算の考え得る効果の予備調査。放線菌は土壌中で最も(主に)普通に見いだされ、低栄養源環境中で繁茂することができる種類の細菌である。放線菌は、大部分は好気性であるが、好気性条件中でも嫌気性条件中でも生存することができる。放線菌の最も重要な役割は、セルロースなどの有機栄養分の分解であり、リグノセルロースを消費することができる数少ない細菌の1つである。
合成プラスチック高分子の酵素による分解については、多くの微生物がヒドロラーゼ(加水分解を触媒する酵素)を産生することができるので、高分子骨格の中に加水分解可能な基を含む高分子は微生物の攻撃を特に受けやすいと考えられる。一般に、脂肪族ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリエーテル、及びポリイミドの方が普通に生じる微生物によって容易に分解される。一般に、高分子量重合体及び分岐重合体の方が分解されにくい。
層1(紫外線又は光阻止層)、層2(プラスチック中に懸濁された生分解する微生物の層)、層3(香気層又は着香層)、層4(微生物のための嗅覚誘引剤層)、層5(DupontのSarano(商標)などのグリーンな製品の層)、層6(高分子を変化させる開始剤層、すなわち光、熱、高エネルギー、フリーラジカル)、層7(予め設計された温度又は条件が満たされたとき分子を以前の形状に戻す記憶高分子層)、層8(水分/水あるいは気体又は液体の形の指定された誘起剤が孔を通って内部の層の中に可能にし、微生物(細菌、糸状菌、酵母、酵素等)の刺激及び生分解プロセスが始まることを可能にする添加剤を有する孔のある層又はミクロな孔のある層(単数又は複数)。
添加剤全体の約0〜20添加重量%以上、又は約20〜40添加重量%以上、又は約40〜60添加重量%以上、又は約60〜80添加重量%以上、又は約80〜100添加重量%以上の範囲のフラノン化合物、添加剤全体の約0〜20重量%以上、又は約20〜40重量%以上、約40〜60重量%以上、約60〜80重量%以上、又は約80〜100重量%以上の範囲のグルタル酸、添加剤全体の約0〜20重量%以上、又は約20〜40重量%以上、約40〜60重量%以上、又は約60〜80重量%以上、又は約80〜100重量%以上の範囲のヘキサデカン酸、添加剤全体の約0〜20重量%以上、又は約20〜40重量%以上、約40〜60重量%以上、又は約60〜80重量%以上、又は約80〜100重量%以上の範囲のポリカプロラクトン高分子、添加剤全体の約0〜20重量%以上、又は約20〜40重量%以上、約40〜60重量%以上、又は約60〜80重量%以上、又は約80〜100重量%以上の範囲のポリカプロラクトン高分子、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)及びポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)及び添加剤全体の約0〜20重量%以上、又は約20〜40重量%以上、約40〜60重量%以上、又は約60〜80重量%以上、又は約80〜100重量%以上の範囲の天然又は人工の感覚刺激性膨潤剤(天然繊維、培養コロイド、シクロデキストリン、ポリ乳酸等)。
実施例7中の試料のすべてについて減衰全反射(ATR)分析が行われた。これらの試料のATRスペクトルは、パーキンエルマー(Perkin-Elmer)16PC分光計を用いて記録された。すべての試料は、4000から800cm−1の範囲で掃引された。スペクトルは、試料Cと比較して試料A及びBで若干の変化を示す。4ヶ月マークから8ヶ月マークのATRスペクトルを比較すると、試料Aは、顕著な生分解の増加を示した。試料Aの生分解は、2.7%から15.8%に増加する。
実施例7における試料の機械的性質及び熱的性質は、結晶構造、結晶化度、分子量及び分岐に著しく依存する。融解範囲及びガラス転移点の温度は、高分子の種類によって強く変化する。
Claims (20)
- 化学誘引剤化合物と、
グルタル酸又はその誘導体と、
5から18の炭素の鎖長を有するカルボン酸化合物と、
高分子と、
膨潤剤と、
を含む高分子材料のための生分解性添加剤。 - 前記高分子材料を消化することができる微生物をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の高分子材料のための生分解性添加剤。
- 前記高分子材料は、ポリジビニルベンゼン、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリテルタレート、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、メタクリレート、ナイロン6、ポリカーボネート、ポリアミド、及びこれらの共重合体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上の高分子材料である、請求項1に記載の生分解性添加剤。
- 適合化添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の生分解性添加剤。
- 担体樹脂をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の生分解性添加剤。
- 前記担体樹脂は、ポリジビニルベンゼン、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体、無水マレイン酸、アクリル酸及びポリオレフィンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上の担体樹脂である、請求項5に記載の生分解性添加剤。
- 微生物を誘引する正の化学走性剤をさらに含む、前記高分子材料のための請求項1に記載の生分解性添加剤。
- 前記正の化学走性剤は、糖又はフラノンである、請求項7に記載の高分子材料のための生分解性添加剤。
- 前記微生物及び前記フラノンは、材料の放出の制御を容易にするためにカプセル内に配置される、請求項8に記載の高分子材料のための生分解性添加剤。
- 着色剤、インク又は金属粒子からなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1つ以上の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の高分子材料のための生分解性添加剤。
- 少なくとも1つの高分子の層を準備するステップ、及び製品を高分子材料の周りに積層して新しい生分解性製品を作り出すステップを含む、多層高分子プラスチックを作り出す方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの高分子の層は、前記高分子材料を分解するのに適する微生物を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物は、蒸着を用いて前記少なくとも1つの高分子の層に塗布される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの高分子の層は、孔を有する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記多層高分子プラスチックは、二軸配向される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記多層高分子プラスチックは、ハニカム六角形の形にされる、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 内部層が機械的応力に対して剛性である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの高分子の層は香料を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの高分子の層は、微生物用の嗅覚誘引剤である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの高分子の層は、前記高分子材料を変質させるための開始剤である、請求項11に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US85543006P | 2006-10-31 | 2006-10-31 | |
US60/855,430 | 2006-10-31 | ||
PCT/US2007/083245 WO2008055240A1 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2007-10-31 | Chemical additives to make polymeric materials biodegradable |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013107921A Division JP2013177623A (ja) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-05-22 | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010508425A true JP2010508425A (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
JP2010508425A5 JP2010508425A5 (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
JP5280368B2 JP5280368B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
Family
ID=39344611
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009535453A Active JP5280368B2 (ja) | 2006-10-31 | 2007-10-31 | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 |
JP2013107921A Pending JP2013177623A (ja) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-05-22 | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013107921A Pending JP2013177623A (ja) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-05-22 | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8222316B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2087033B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5280368B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN103865288B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2007313630B2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2087033T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2773919T3 (ja) |
HK (2) | HK1137189A1 (ja) |
PL (1) | PL2087033T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008055240A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008260901A (ja) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-30 | Mikasa Sangyo Kk | スチレン−(メタ)アクリル樹脂の分解方法 |
JP2013177623A (ja) * | 2006-10-31 | 2013-09-09 | Bio-Tec Environmental Llc | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 |
JP2013245118A (ja) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-09 | Daiki Koga | 水環境浄化用コンクリートブロック |
JP2015532675A (ja) * | 2012-08-30 | 2015-11-12 | ショーワ ベスト グローブ, インコーポレイテッド | 生分解性組成物、方法およびその用途 |
JP2018525457A (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-09-06 | キャルビオスCarbios | 高濃度の生物学的実体を含むマスターバッチ組成物 |
JP2019513911A (ja) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-05-30 | ローディア ポリアミダ エ エスペシアリダデス エス.アー. | 生分解性ポリアミド繊維、そのような繊維を得るための方法、及びそれから製造されるポリアミド物品 |
JP2022504908A (ja) * | 2018-10-13 | 2022-01-13 | プーマ エス イー | 衣類、特にスポーツ衣類 |
WO2024085131A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | 国立大学法人 高知大学 | 環境適合性プラスチック、環境適合性プラスチック繊維、およびpgaイオンコンプレックス |
Families Citing this family (68)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110123761A1 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2011-05-26 | Wright Rickie J | Biodegradable surface protection system mat |
US8513329B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-08-20 | Bio-Tec Environmental, Llc | Chemical additives to make polymeric materials biodegradable |
US20100115836A1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-13 | Julian Brandon J | Biodegradable agricultural growth management tools |
US9181014B2 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2015-11-10 | Besatori Llc | Ecologically safe storage bag and transporting system and method of making same |
US9067384B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2015-06-30 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Microporous material having degradation properties and articles prepared therefrom |
US8501989B2 (en) | 2009-06-13 | 2013-08-06 | Rennovia, Inc. | Production of adipic acid and derivatives from carbohydrate-containing materials |
US8669397B2 (en) | 2009-06-13 | 2014-03-11 | Rennovia, Inc. | Production of adipic acid and derivatives from carbohydrate-containing materials |
US8785683B2 (en) | 2009-06-13 | 2014-07-22 | Rennovia, Inc. | Production of glutaric acid and derivatives from carbohydrate-containing materials |
GB0914001D0 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2009-09-16 | Benson Jennifer M | Biodegradable pregnancy test |
CA2680970A1 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-28 | Labplas Inc. | Biodegradable sterile sampling bag |
AU2010324522A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2012-06-21 | Safeps Pty Ltd | A biodegradable expanded polystyrene foam and method for its production |
ITAN20100002A1 (it) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-07-26 | Biolog S R L | Materiale polimerico sintentico biodegradabile |
US8669393B2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2014-03-11 | Rennovia, Inc. | Adipic acid compositions |
US20110280498A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Centurion Medical Products Corporation | Biodegradable waste container |
US8853289B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2014-10-07 | Scott C. Smith | Foam compositions for selective recovery of oil spills and other applications |
US9770705B2 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2017-09-26 | Rennovia Inc. | Oxidation catalysts |
US20120077254A1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-03-29 | Morse Margaret C | Method for anaerobic biodegradation of bioplastics |
WO2013076734A2 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-05-30 | Bilcare Limited | Biodegradable pvc film for pharmaceutical packaging and a process for its preparation |
CN102627013B (zh) * | 2012-04-09 | 2014-09-03 | 圣厦药品食品包装新材料(昆山)有限公司 | 一种控制共挤复合薄膜中各层同步降解的方法 |
US20140003026A1 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-02 | Omniglow, Llc | Biodegradable chemiluminescent articles |
US20150065650A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Nylon Corporation Of America, Inc. | Biodegradable nylon and method for the manufacture thereof |
CN104494261B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-08-17 | 昆山市张浦彩印厂 | 可降解evoh高阻隔复合薄膜 |
CN104369508B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-08-17 | 嘉合实业(苏州)有限公司 | 可降解pp-evoh高阻隔复合薄膜 |
CN104385698B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-09-21 | 昆山市张浦彩印厂 | 可降解po发泡共挤出复合薄膜 |
CN104369509B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-09-21 | 昆山加浦包装材料有限公司 | 可降解发泡共挤出pa阻隔薄膜 |
CN104494260B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-05-11 | 昆山市张浦彩印厂 | 可降解发泡共挤出pet阻隔薄膜 |
US11046840B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-06-29 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for lending biodegradability to non-biodegradable plastic materials |
US11111355B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Addition of biodegradability lending additives to plastic materials |
US10995201B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-05-04 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and strength characteristics of the same |
US11926929B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-03-12 | Biologiq, Inc | Melt blown nonwoven materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
US20170002184A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles Formed with Biodegradable Materials and Strength Characteristics of Same |
US10920044B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-02-16 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Carbohydrate-based plastic materials with reduced odor |
US11359088B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2022-06-14 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Polymeric articles comprising blends of PBAT, PLA and a carbohydrate-based polymeric material |
US10752759B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2020-08-25 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Methods for forming blended films including renewable carbohydrate-based polymeric materials with high blow up ratios and/or narrow die gaps for increased strength |
US11674018B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-06-13 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Polymer and carbohydrate-based polymeric material blends with particular particle size characteristics |
US11149144B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-10-19 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Marine biodegradable plastics comprising a blend of polyester and a carbohydrate-based polymeric material |
US11926940B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-03-12 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Spunbond nonwoven materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
US11674014B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2023-06-13 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Blending of small particle starch powder with synthetic polymers for increased strength and other properties |
US10919203B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-02-16 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with biodegradable materials and biodegradability characteristics thereof |
US11111363B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Articles formed with renewable and/or sustainable green plastic material and carbohydrate-based polymeric materials lending increased strength and/or biodegradability |
US11879058B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2024-01-23 | Biologiq, Inc | Yarn materials and fibers including starch-based polymeric materials |
HUE051012T2 (hu) * | 2015-07-10 | 2021-01-28 | Lopez Pozas Lanuza Luis Enrique | Biológiailag lebontható lõszer lõfegyverekhez |
US9890258B2 (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-02-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method to ensure degradation of plastic films in an anaerobic environment, such as a landfill |
IL247302B (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2019-03-31 | Technion Res & Dev Foundation | Systems for releasing materials based on polymer emulsions |
IL253431A0 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-28 | Technion Res & Dev Foundation | Flexible compounds store liquids, their preparation processes and their uses |
PL3565718T3 (pl) * | 2017-10-31 | 2022-01-31 | Flex Films (Usa) Inc. | Termoplastyczne folie o małym śladzie węglowym zawierające poddane recyklingowi materiały |
WO2019209834A1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-31 | BiologiQ, Inc. | Addition of biodegradability lending additives to plastic materials |
CA3004436C (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2021-06-01 | Paige Whitehead | Biodegradable light wand |
US10683399B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2020-06-16 | Intrinsic Advanced Materials, LLC | Biodegradable textiles, masterbatches, and method of making biodegradable fibers |
PL3861062T3 (pl) * | 2018-10-03 | 2024-03-11 | Eco Packaging Aps | Sposób wytwarzania neutralnego pod względem dwutlenku węgla i biodegradowalnego polimeru i wytworzone z niego produkty opakowaniowe |
EP3870636A1 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-09-01 | Ashok Chaturvedi | A biodegradable polymeric substrate and a method of producing the substrate |
US20220161458A1 (en) * | 2019-03-09 | 2022-05-26 | Ashok Chaturvedi | Converting non-biodegradable polymeric granules and components to biodegradable by surface coating |
CN110102552B (zh) * | 2019-05-06 | 2021-08-24 | 百尔罗赫新材料科技有限公司 | 一种废弃刚果红玻璃小试管的回收再利用方法 |
US11578201B2 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2023-02-14 | Eos Of North America, Inc. | Biodegradable material for additive manufacturing |
US10882977B1 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-01-05 | Edward Showalter | Earth plant compostable biodegradable substrate and method of producing the same |
US11149131B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2021-10-19 | Edward Showalter | Earth plant compostable biodegradable substrate and method of producing the same |
CN111548611A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-18 | 汕头市雷氏塑化科技有限公司 | 一种高密度竹粉/pbat/聚乳酸生物降解塑料及其制备方法 |
CN112126157A (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-25 | 汕头市国宏经贸有限公司 | 一种石油基可生物降解材料及其制品 |
US20220235184A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-28 | Smart Plastic Technologies, Llc | Bio-assimilation master batch composition, processes for producing polymeric bio-assimilating material therefrom, and products produced therefrom |
CN113150396A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-23 | 方龙 | 一种可快速降解的包装袋制备方法 |
EP4367178A1 (en) | 2021-07-05 | 2024-05-15 | EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems | Biodegradeable plastics for use in additive manufacturing processes |
CN113583422B (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-05-26 | 蓝小平 | 一种抗菌功能的生物降解保鲜膜及其制备方法 |
WO2023086448A1 (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-19 | Ticona Llc | Polymer composition for use in an electronic device |
CN114085509A (zh) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-25 | 洛阳绿之汇塑料降解科技有限公司 | 一种厌氧消化降解通用母粒及其制备方法 |
KR102517643B1 (ko) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-04-06 | 주식회사 스포테크 | 생분해성 인조잔디 충진재 |
WO2024086901A1 (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | Diptech Pte Limited | Biodegradable elastomeric articles and methods for their production |
CN116144105B (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-04-16 | 科邦石化(连云港)有限公司 | 一种耐高温的生物可降解聚丙烯的制备方法 |
CN116673319B (zh) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-10-27 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | 一种土壤中聚苯乙烯的降解方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07290645A (ja) * | 1994-04-25 | 1995-11-07 | Lintec Corp | 生分解性メタライジング材料およびその製造方法 |
JP2000103025A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 生分解性積層体 |
JP2000136466A (ja) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-16 | Heisei Polymer Co Ltd | 熱収縮性包装用クロス |
JP2001181270A (ja) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-03 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 3−フェニルベンゾフラノン類 |
JP2002356623A (ja) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 微生物を含む生分解性樹脂 |
JP2004143193A (ja) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-20 | Toda Kogyo Corp | 生分解性樹脂組成物 |
Family Cites Families (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5108807A (en) | 1990-03-14 | 1992-04-28 | First Brands Corporation | Degradable multilayer thermoplastic articles |
JPH0557833A (ja) | 1991-01-25 | 1993-03-09 | Jsp Corp | 微生物分解性多層シート |
US5518730A (en) | 1992-06-03 | 1996-05-21 | Fuisz Technologies Ltd. | Biodegradable controlled release flash flow melt-spun delivery system |
US5321088A (en) | 1992-11-09 | 1994-06-14 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Graft copolymers of polyethylene and polycaprolactone |
AU677581B2 (en) | 1993-05-03 | 1997-05-01 | Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen Gmbh | Polymer compositions and their production, in particular absorbent materials, and their use |
US5474995A (en) | 1993-06-24 | 1995-12-12 | Merck Frosst Canada, Inc. | Phenyl heterocycles as cox-2 inhibitors |
WO1995004106A1 (de) | 1993-07-28 | 1995-02-09 | Bio-Tec Biologische Naturverpackungen Gmbh | Verstärktes biologisch abbaubares polymer |
US5486507A (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1996-01-23 | Fuisz Technologies Ltd. | Porous particle aggregate and method therefor |
US5639466A (en) | 1994-02-24 | 1997-06-17 | Chronopol, Inc. | Method for packaging foodstuffs |
ITTS940003U1 (it) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-09-07 | Maurizio Chiodo | Involucro di protezione per bevende ed alimenti in genere contenuti in lattina |
AUPM666694A0 (en) | 1994-07-06 | 1994-07-28 | Unisearch Limited | Natural antifouling compositions |
US5478803A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1995-12-26 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | 3,5-dimethyl-pentenyl-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone isomer mixtures, organoleptic uses thereof, process for preparing same and process intermediates therefor |
EP0765913B1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2002-08-28 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Process for the preparation of lactic acid-based polyester compositions |
US5859090A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1999-01-12 | Federal Cartridge Company | Injection-modulable, polycaprolactone-based, biodegradable plastic articles such as shotshell components, and method of manufacturing same |
US5929133A (en) | 1996-02-16 | 1999-07-27 | Hitachi Chemical Filtec, Inc. | Anti-bacterial film suitable for food packaging |
AU735054B2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 2001-06-28 | Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. | Use of 1-nonen-3-one as a flavouring agent |
AUPO772097A0 (en) | 1997-07-04 | 1997-07-31 | Aquaculture Crc Limited | Antifouling polymers |
KR100255116B1 (ko) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-05-01 | 조정래 | 생분해성 고분자의 제조방법 |
WO1999042527A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-08-26 | Sugimoto, Keiichi | Plastique moule biodegradable |
JP2000256471A (ja) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-19 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 生分解性フィルム |
US6225388B1 (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2001-05-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Biodegradable thermoplastic composition with improved wettability |
JP2001048202A (ja) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-20 | Takeuchi Press Ind Co Ltd | 染毛剤用多層ブローチューブ容器 |
DE60027479T2 (de) * | 1999-10-12 | 2006-11-23 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Harzstruktur und ihre verwendung |
JP3069222U (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2000-06-06 | 学校法人文化学園 | 人 台 |
NZ524969A (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2005-10-28 | Nissei Kk | Biodegradable molded articles, process for producing the smae and compositions for foam molding |
KR20030068162A (ko) | 2000-11-30 | 2003-08-19 | 다이셀 가가꾸 고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 지방족 폴리에스테르 공중합체 및 그 제조방법, 지방족폴리에스테르계 생분해성 수지 성형물, 및 락톤함유 수지 |
ITTO20010057A1 (it) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-07-25 | Novamont Spa | Miscele ternarie di poliesteri biodegradabili e prodotti da queste ottenuti. |
EP1369227B1 (en) | 2001-02-05 | 2012-04-11 | ISHIDA CO., Ltd. | Biodegradable bags for packing foods available in high-speed production |
US6590014B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-07-08 | Certainteed Corporation | Non-staining polymer composite product |
EP1445282A4 (en) | 2001-08-03 | 2004-11-24 | Toray Industries | RESIN COMPOSITION AND MOLDED ARTICLE, FILM AND FIBER |
AUPR833301A0 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2001-11-08 | Advanced Environmental Technologies Pty Ltd | Organic waste treatment |
JP4311204B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-29 | 2009-08-12 | 東レ株式会社 | 生分解性樹脂架橋連続発泡シート及びその製造方法 |
US20030157214A1 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2003-08-21 | Bonsignore Patrick V. | Graft copolymers of polyhydroxy compounds and method of use |
US7037983B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2006-05-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods of making functional biodegradable polymers |
WO2004050795A2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-17 | Tufts University | Antioxidant-functionalized polymers |
US7217750B2 (en) | 2003-01-20 | 2007-05-15 | Northern Technologies International Corporation | Process for incorporating one or more materials into a polymer composition and products produced thereby |
US20050208095A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2005-09-22 | Angiotech International Ag | Polymer compositions and methods for their use |
EP2447327B1 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2013-07-31 | Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Dispersion and process for producing colored organic solid particle |
US7368503B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-05-06 | Eastman Chemical Company | Compatibilized blends of biodegradable polymers with improved rheology |
US20050181157A1 (en) | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-18 | Shigeo Otome | Packaging material |
JP4354326B2 (ja) | 2004-03-31 | 2009-10-28 | パイオニア株式会社 | 情報配信システム |
US7053130B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2006-05-30 | E. I . Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method to accelerate biodegradation of aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters by enzymatic treatment |
US7560266B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2009-07-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method to enhance biodegradation of sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters by addition of a microbial consortium |
JP5060739B2 (ja) | 2006-05-10 | 2012-10-31 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 生分解性プラスチック組成物、成形品及び生分解速度制御方法 |
WO2008044796A1 (fr) | 2006-10-11 | 2008-04-17 | Kao Corporation | Composition de résine biodégradable |
AU2007313630B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-07-04 | Bio-Tec Environmental, Llc | Chemical additives to make polymeric materials biodegradable |
US8513329B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 | 2013-08-20 | Bio-Tec Environmental, Llc | Chemical additives to make polymeric materials biodegradable |
JP5057833B2 (ja) | 2007-04-24 | 2012-10-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 転送システム、イニシエータデバイス及びデータ転送方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-10-31 AU AU2007313630A patent/AU2007313630B2/en active Active
- 2007-10-31 CN CN201310659896.XA patent/CN103865288B/zh active Active
- 2007-10-31 DK DK07844780.2T patent/DK2087033T3/da active
- 2007-10-31 JP JP2009535453A patent/JP5280368B2/ja active Active
- 2007-10-31 ES ES07844780T patent/ES2773919T3/es active Active
- 2007-10-31 WO PCT/US2007/083245 patent/WO2008055240A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-31 PL PL07844780T patent/PL2087033T3/pl unknown
- 2007-10-31 EP EP07844780.2A patent/EP2087033B1/en active Active
- 2007-10-31 CN CN200780044197.7A patent/CN101589097B/zh active Active
- 2007-10-31 US US11/932,654 patent/US8222316B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-05-20 HK HK10104958.0A patent/HK1137189A1/xx unknown
-
2012
- 2012-07-17 US US13/551,276 patent/US8618189B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-05-22 JP JP2013107921A patent/JP2013177623A/ja active Pending
- 2013-12-31 US US14/144,968 patent/US9382416B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-12-18 HK HK14112712.6A patent/HK1199276A1/xx unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07290645A (ja) * | 1994-04-25 | 1995-11-07 | Lintec Corp | 生分解性メタライジング材料およびその製造方法 |
JP2000103025A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 生分解性積層体 |
JP2000136466A (ja) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-16 | Heisei Polymer Co Ltd | 熱収縮性包装用クロス |
JP2001181270A (ja) * | 1999-12-24 | 2001-07-03 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 3−フェニルベンゾフラノン類 |
JP2002356623A (ja) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 微生物を含む生分解性樹脂 |
JP2004143193A (ja) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-05-20 | Toda Kogyo Corp | 生分解性樹脂組成物 |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013177623A (ja) * | 2006-10-31 | 2013-09-09 | Bio-Tec Environmental Llc | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 |
JP2008260901A (ja) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-30 | Mikasa Sangyo Kk | スチレン−(メタ)アクリル樹脂の分解方法 |
JP2013245118A (ja) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-09 | Daiki Koga | 水環境浄化用コンクリートブロック |
JP2015532675A (ja) * | 2012-08-30 | 2015-11-12 | ショーワ ベスト グローブ, インコーポレイテッド | 生分解性組成物、方法およびその用途 |
JP2018525457A (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-09-06 | キャルビオスCarbios | 高濃度の生物学的実体を含むマスターバッチ組成物 |
JP2021169608A (ja) * | 2015-06-12 | 2021-10-28 | キャルビオスCarbios | 高濃度の生物学的実体を含むマスターバッチ組成物 |
JP7275201B2 (ja) | 2015-06-12 | 2023-05-17 | キャルビオス | 高濃度の生物学的実体を含むマスターバッチ組成物 |
US11802185B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2023-10-31 | Carbios | Masterbatch composition comprising a high concentration of biological entities |
JP2019513911A (ja) * | 2016-04-04 | 2019-05-30 | ローディア ポリアミダ エ エスペシアリダデス エス.アー. | 生分解性ポリアミド繊維、そのような繊維を得るための方法、及びそれから製造されるポリアミド物品 |
JP2022504908A (ja) * | 2018-10-13 | 2022-01-13 | プーマ エス イー | 衣類、特にスポーツ衣類 |
JP7134586B2 (ja) | 2018-10-13 | 2022-09-12 | プーマ エス イー | 衣類 |
WO2024085131A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | 国立大学法人 高知大学 | 環境適合性プラスチック、環境適合性プラスチック繊維、およびpgaイオンコンプレックス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103865288A (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
PL2087033T3 (pl) | 2020-06-01 |
HK1199276A1 (en) | 2015-06-26 |
JP5280368B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
HK1137189A1 (en) | 2010-07-23 |
ES2773919T3 (es) | 2020-07-15 |
JP2013177623A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
EP2087033B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
US8222316B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 |
WO2008055240A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
CN101589097A (zh) | 2009-11-25 |
AU2007313630B2 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
US20080103232A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
CN103865288B (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2087033A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
AU2007313630A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
US20130011906A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
US20140221524A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
DK2087033T3 (da) | 2020-03-16 |
CN101589097B (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
US8618189B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
US9382416B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
EP2087033A4 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5280368B2 (ja) | 高分子材料を生分解性にする化学添加剤 | |
JP2010508425A5 (ja) | ||
US8513329B2 (en) | Chemical additives to make polymeric materials biodegradable | |
Devi et al. | The role of microbes in plastic degradation | |
CN104718247B (zh) | 生物可降解的组合物、方法及其用途 | |
Shah et al. | Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review | |
Albertsson | Degradable polymers | |
La Fuente et al. | Biodegradable polymers: A review about biodegradation and its implications and applications | |
Tiwari et al. | Recent development of biodegradation techniques of polymer | |
JP2004058010A (ja) | 生分解性樹脂製成形物を含む有機廃棄物の処理方法 | |
JP2011213374A (ja) | 生分解性多層容器 | |
Austin | Degradation studies of polyolefins | |
JPH04168150A (ja) | 生分解性プラスチック | |
JP2005237225A (ja) | 農業用分解マルチフィルム | |
EP3861062B1 (en) | Process for producing a carbon dioxide neutral and biodegradable polymer and packaging products produced thereof | |
NL1043452B1 (en) | Enhanced biodegradable nitrile rubber glove | |
Rani et al. | Plastic degradation and its environmental implications | |
JP4092942B2 (ja) | 生分解性樹脂成形体の廃棄処理方法 | |
Meereboer | Biodegradable Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Renewable Biomass based Composites and Marine Degradation Behaviour | |
Igiebor et al. | Plastics Biodegradation: The Situation Now and Its Potential Effects on Environmental Safety | |
Kumari et al. | Challenges in Biodegradation of Plastic Waste from Food Packaging | |
US20230354935A1 (en) | Enhanced biodegradable nitrile rubber glove and methods for the manufacture thereof | |
JP2007031591A (ja) | ビニルアルコール系ポリマーの分解方法 | |
Kannahi et al. | International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) | |
Lakshmi et al. | A Review on Biodegradation of Plastics |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20101025 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20101025 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20111024 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20120621 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120731 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20121025 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20121101 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20121128 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20121205 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20121227 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20130109 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130131 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130423 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130522 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Ref document number: 5280368 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |