JP2009536874A - 改質膜 - Google Patents
改質膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009536874A JP2009536874A JP2009509582A JP2009509582A JP2009536874A JP 2009536874 A JP2009536874 A JP 2009536874A JP 2009509582 A JP2009509582 A JP 2009509582A JP 2009509582 A JP2009509582 A JP 2009509582A JP 2009536874 A JP2009536874 A JP 2009536874A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- functional group
- polyfunctional
- group
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 114
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 aminoesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical class [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamide Chemical class NS(N)(=O)=O NVBFHJWHLNUMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000000376 2-oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000598 endocrine disruptor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000049 endocrine disruptor Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006159 dianhydride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical class [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical class [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 48
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 42
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 18
- PNPCRKVUWYDDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 PNPCRKVUWYDDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 14
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- CKQHAYFOPRIUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3'-Aminoacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 CKQHAYFOPRIUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 10
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-butyl-butylamine Natural products CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- PKDPUENCROCRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-piperazin-1-ylethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)N1CCNCC1 PKDPUENCROCRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WEZAHYDFZNTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxyaniline Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WEZAHYDFZNTGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WNRGWPVJGDABME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-Dimethoxyaniline Chemical compound COC1=CC(N)=CC(OC)=C1 WNRGWPVJGDABME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBOOZXVYXHATOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)piperazine Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1CN1CCNCC1 NBOOZXVYXHATOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFFUEVDMVNIOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-aminobenzenethiol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 KFFUEVDMVNIOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- NCBZRJODKRCREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-anisidine Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 NCBZRJODKRCREW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XGNXYCFREOZBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzodioxol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 XGNXYCFREOZBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNSAKXLEFPFZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethoxyaniline Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(N)C(OC)=C1 FNSAKXLEFPFZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032770 biofilm formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caffeine Chemical compound CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BHAAPTBBJKJZER-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-anisidine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BHAAPTBBJKJZER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M propidium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomorpholine Chemical compound C1CSCCN1 BRNULMACUQOKMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQCMWCVJSOFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl.CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl DQCMWCVJSOFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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- MEQCXWDKLOGGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3,4,5-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1OC(C(Cl)=O)C(C(Cl)=O)C1C(Cl)=O MEQCXWDKLOGGRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCOC1C(Cl)=O LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRTFPLFDLJYEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-isopropylaniline Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 LRTFPLFDLJYEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005619 secondary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005490 tosylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003204 tranquilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002936 tranquilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMCBYSBVJIMENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZMCBYSBVJIMENC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003963 x-ray microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
- B01D69/1251—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction by interfacial polymerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/02—Hydrophilization
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/12—Specific ratios of components used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/28—Degradation or stability over time
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/48—Antimicrobial properties
Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
表2は、改質された識別層を有する膜の塩化ナトリウム阻止率および流束を示す。
表3および4は、改質化合物濃度の増加に対する膜の流束を示す。
表5および6は、改質された識別層を有する膜のX線光電子分光法(ESCA)を示す。
表7は、改質された識別層を有する膜の流束ならびに塩化ナトリウム、イソプロピルアルコールおよび硝酸塩の透過率を示す。
表8は、改質された識別層を有する膜の流束ならびに塩化ナトリウム、イソプロピルアルコールおよび硝酸塩の透過率を示す。
表9は、改質された識別層を有する膜の流束ならびに塩化ナトリウム、イソプロピルアルコールおよび硝酸塩の透過率を示す。
表10は、改質された識別層を有する膜の流束ならびに塩化ナトリウム、ホウ酸塩、イソプロピルアルコールおよび硝酸塩の透過率を示す。
表11は、改質された識別層を有する膜のイソプロピルアルコール、ホウ酸塩および硝酸塩の透過率を示す。
表12は、改質された識別層を有する膜の流束および塩化ナトリウムの透過率を示す。
表13は、膜の名称、型および改質化合物を示す。
表14は、回転円板式反応器システム中の膜の分布を示す。
表15は、各膜の膜分析の種類の名称を示す。
表16は、各膜のバイオフィルムの平均生育速度を示す。
3,4,5−トリブロモアニリン、2,4,5−トリブロモアニリン、2,4,6−トリブロモアニリン、3,4,5,6−テトラブロモアニリン、2,4,5,6−テトラブロモアニリン、2,3,5,6−テトラブロモアニリン、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタブロモアニリン、2−フルオロアニリン、3−フルオロアニリン、4−フルオロアニリン、2,3−ジフルオロアニリン、2,4−ジフルオロアニリン、2,5−ジフルオロアニリン、2,6−ジフルオロアニリン、3,4−ジフルオロアニリン、3,5−ジフルオロアニリン、2,3,4−トリフルオロアニリン、3,4,5−トリフルオロアニリン、2,4,5−トリフルオロアニリン、2,4,6−トリフルオロアニリン、3,4,5,6−テトラフルオロアニリン、2,4,5,6−テトラフルオロアニリン、2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロアニリン、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロアニリン、2−ヨードアニリン、3−ヨードアニリン、4−ヨードアニリン、2,3−ジヨードアニリン、2,4−ジヨードアニリン、2,5−ジヨードアニリン、2,6−ジヨードアニリン、3,4−ジヨードアニリン、3,5−ジヨードアニリン、2,3,4−トリヨードアニリン、3,4,5−トリヨードアニリン、2,4,5−トリヨードアニリン、2,4,6−トリヨードアニリン、3,4,5,6−テトラヨードアニリン、2,4,5,6−テトラヨードアニリン、2,3,5,6−テトラヨードアニリン、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタヨードアニリン、2−メトキシアニリン、3−メトキシアニリン、4−メトキシアニリン、2,3−ジメトキシアニリン、2,4−ジメトキシアニリン、2,5−ジメトキシアニリン、2,6−ジメトキシアニリン、3,4−ジメトキシアニリン、3,5−ジメトキシアニリン、2,3,4−トリメトキシアニリン、3,4,5−トリメトキシアニリン、2,4,5−トリメトキシアニリン、2,4,6−トリメトキシアニリン、2,3,4,5−テトラメトキシアニリン、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタメトキシアニリン、2−エトキシアニリン、3−エトキシアニリン、4−エトキシアニリン、2,3−ジエトキシアニリン、2,4−ジエトキシアニリン、2,5−ジエトキシアニリン、2,6−ジエトキシアニリン、3,4−ジエトキシアニリン、3,5−ジエトキシアニリン、2,3,4−トリエトキシアニリン、3,4,5−トリエトキシアニリン、2,4,5−トリエトキシアニリン、2,4,6−トリエトキシアニリン、2−プロポキシアニリン、3−プロポキシアニリン、4−プロポキシアニリン、2,3−ジプロポキシアニリン、2,4−ジプロポキシアニリン、2,5−ジプロポキシアニリン、2,6−ジプロポキシアニリン、3,4−ジプロポキシアニリン、3,5−ジプロポキシアニリン、2,3,4−トリプロポキシアニリン、3,4,5−トリプロポキシアニリン、2,4,5−トリプロポキシアニリン、2,4,6−トリプロポキシアニリン、2−ブトキシアニリン、3−ブトキシアニリン、4−ブトキシアニリン、2,3−ジブトキシアニリン、3,4−ジブトキシアニリン、3,5−ジブトキシアニリン、2,3,4−トリブトキシアニリン、3,4,5−トリブトキシアニリン、2−ヒドロチオアニリン、3−ヒドロチオアニリン、4−ヒドロチオアニリン、2,3−ジヒドロチオアニリン、2,4−ジヒドロチオアニリン、2,5−ジヒドロチオアニリン、2,6−ジヒドロチオアニリン、3,4−ジヒドロチオアニリン、3,5−ジヒドロチオアニリン、2−メチルチオアニリン、3−メチルチオアニリン、4−メチルチオアニリン、2−アセチルアニリン、3−アセチルアニリン、4−アセチルアニリン、2,3−ジアセチルアニリン、3,4−ジアセチルアニリン、3,5−ジアセチルアニリン、2−カルボメトキシアニリン、3−カルボメトキシアニリン、4−カルボメトキシアニリン、2−カルベトキシアニリン、3−カルベトキシアニリン、4−カルベトキシアニリン、3−ヒドロキシアニリン、4−ヒドロキシアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−4−ブロモアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−5−ブロモアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−6−ブロモアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−3−ブロモアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−4−クロロアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−5−クロロアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−6−クロロアニリン、2−カルボメトキシ−3−クロロアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−4−ブロモアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−5−ブロモアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−6−ブロモアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−3−ブロモアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−4−クロロアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−5−クロロアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−6−クロロアニリン、2−カルベトキシ−3−クロロアニリン、2−アセチル−4−ブロモアニリン、2−アセチル−5−ブロモアニリン、2−アセチル−6−ブロモアニリン、2−アセチル−3−ブロモアニリン、2−アセチル−4−クロロアニリン、2−アセチル−5−クロロアニリン、2−アセチル−6−クロロアニリン、2−アセチル−3−クロロアニリン、2−メトキシ−4−ブロモアニリン、2−メトキシ−5−ブロモアニリン、2−メトキシ−6−ブロモアニリン、2−メトキシ−3−ブロモアニリン、2−メトキシ−4−クロロアニリン、2−メトキシ−5−クロロアニリン、2−メトキシ−6−クロロアニリン、2−メトキシ−3−クロロアニリン、混合ハロゲン化アニリン、たとえば、2−ハロアニリン、3−ハロアニリン、4−ハロアニリン、2,3−ジハロアニリン、2,4−ジハロアニリン、2,5−ジハロアニリン、2,6−ジハロアニリン、3,4−ジハロアニリン、3,5−ジハロアニリン、2,3,4−トリハロアニリン、3,4,5−トリハロアニリン、2,4,5−トリハロアニリン、2,4,6−トリハロアニリン、3,4,5,6−テトラハロアニリン、2,4,5,6−テトラハロアニリン、2,3,5,6−テトラハロアニリン、および2,3,4,5,6−ペンタハロアニリン、N,N−エチルエチルアミン、N,N−エタノールエチルアミン、ジエタノールアミン、N,N−プロピルプロピルアミン、N,N−プロピルプロパノールアミン、ジプロパノールアミン、N,N−ブチルブチルアミン、N,N−ブチルブタノールアミン、ジプロパノールアミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、およびジブチルアミンから選択される反応性改質化合物が挙げられる。
全表面窒素パーセント(%TSN)=MPDからのN+アニリンからのN
=2×表面MPD+アニリン
アニリン/MPD=%X/((%TSN−アニリン)×0.5)
=%X/((%TSN−%X)×0.5)
パイロットプラント膜製作システムにおいて、商用ポリスルホン支持体(すなわち多孔質支持体)を、2モル濃度(M)の水酸化ナトリウムの添加によってpHを約10に調節した、単位体積当たり5.2質量%(wt/vol%)のメタフェニレンジアミン(MPD)の水溶液に浸漬する。支持体ロールを一定の速度で反応テーブルを通して引く。MPD浸漬に続いて、高純度イソパラフィン溶媒(ISOPAR L、エクソン社)に0.14wt/vol%の塩化トリメソイル(TMC)を溶かした溶液の薄い均一な層を膜に塗布する。過剰のTMC溶液を、エアナイフおよび吸着盤(suction cup)によって除去する。次に、TMC/溶媒の層を塗布した後、同一の溶媒に反応性改質化合物を10ミリモル濃度(mM)で溶かした溶液を、ポリアミド識別層の上に、薄い均一の層で塗布する。パイロットプラント機械のライン速度は一定に保つ。過剰の液体を、エアナイフおよび吸引ポンプによって除去する。次に、膜を水洗槽および乾燥炉の中に通し、引き続いて吸湿性重合体を塗布する。
ポリスルホン支持体の試料を、少なくとも3時間、水の中に貯蔵する。ポリスルホン支持体は、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)で作られた不織布に、ポリスルホンのジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)溶液を塗布し、水で処理することによって形成されたもである。ポリスルホン支持体の試料を、金属枠にクリップで留め、2.5wt/vol%のMPD溶液の中に少なくとも5分間浸す。支持体を紙のシートの上に置き、ラテックスゴムローラーを使用して過剰のアミン溶液を搾り取る。
ポリスルホン多孔質支持体上の高流束の海水膜用の配合を用いて、毎分13フィート(fpm)(毎秒0.066メートル)の連続法で標準パイロット塗布機で膜を調製する。まず、MPDの3.5質量%(wt%)水溶液を、前もって作られたポリスルホン多孔質支持体に塗布する。MPD塗布は、156秒の滞留時間を有し、過剰のMPD溶液はニップローラーを用いて除去する。ISOPAR Lに溶解したTMCは、132秒の滞留時間で1平方フィート当たり118mLで塗布する。油と水の界面で、ポリアミドが形成される。
流量低下=100(流束の低下量/流束(0mMの3−クロロアニリン))
BW30膜はミネソタ州エダイナのフィルムテック社(FilmTec Corporation)から入手する。BW30膜は、商業上BW30LEおよびBW30XLEと呼ばれる商用MPDポリアミド膜である。MPDポリアミド膜BW30XLEの配合物(formulation)を、反応性改質化合物で塗布することによって本発明の方法によって改質する。この実施例において、BW30膜を対照と称する。
膜は、ポリスルホン多孔質支持体の上の高流束海水膜用配合物を用いて、毎分13フィート(fpm)(毎秒0.066メートル)の連続法で標準的なパイロット塗布機で調製する。まず、MPDの3.5質量%(wt%)水溶液をあらかじめ作られたポリスルホン多孔質支持体に塗布する。MPD塗布は156秒の滞留時間を有し、過剰のMPD溶液はニップローラーを用いて除去する。ISOPAR Lに溶解したTMCを、滞留時間132秒で、1平方フィート当たり118mLで塗布する。油と水の界面において、ポリアミドが形成される。
バイオフィルムの平均生育速度=バイオフィルムの平均の厚さ(μm)/運転期間(日)
Claims (22)
- 多官能アミン、多官能アルコール、多官能チオール、および多官能酸無水物から選択される少なくとも1種の多官能化合物を含む水性塗布組成物を多孔質支持体の少なくとも表面部分に塗布し、第一の塗布された支持体を形成する工程、
有機溶媒ならびに多官能酸ハロゲン化物、多官能酸無水物および多官能二無水物の少なくとも1種を含む有機溶媒組成物を第一の塗布された支持体に塗布し、多孔質支持体の少なくとも表面部分に識別層を形成する工程(ただし、識別層は、多官能化合物と多官能酸ハロゲン化物、多官能酸無水物および多官能二無水物の少なくとも1種との反応生成物ならびに残存反応性基を含み、残存反応性基は、多官能化合物、多官能酸ハロゲン化物、多官能酸無水物、多官能二無水物、多官能化合物の加水分解生成物、多官能酸ハロゲン化物の加水分解生成物、多官能酸無水物の加水分解生成物および多官能二無水物の加水分解生成物上の未反応官能基の少なくとも1種である。)、
有機溶媒および官能基含有反応性改質化合物を含む改質組成物を識別層の少なくとも表面部分に塗布し、改質された識別層を形成する工程(ただし、改質組成物は識別層の少なくとも表面部分に配置され、水素結合、イオン結合、共有結合、物理的なからみ合いおよび化学結合の少なくとも1つによって識別層に固定された改質組成物層を形成する。)
からなる膜を作る方法。 - 反応性改質化合物中に含まれる官能基が識別層と反応し、アミン、アミド、スルファミド、ウレタン、尿素、チオエステル、エステル、アミノエステル、イミドおよびアミン(第二級、第三級、第四級およびβ−ヒドロキシルアミンを含む。)から選択される化学結合を介して識別層に改質組成物層を固定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 官能基が、エステル、チオエステル、エーテル、アルコール、酸無水物、エポキシド、酸ハロゲン化物、イソシアナートおよび2−オキサゾリンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 官能基が、チオール、チオフェノール、スルフィドおよびジスルフィドからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 官能基が、アジド、アミン、アミノアルコールおよびアミノエステルからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 官能基がアミンであり、反応性改質化合物がアニリンの誘導体から選択されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 反応性改質化合物が、ハロゲン化物およびチオールからなる群から選択されるペンダント官能基を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 反応性改質化合物が、脂肪族アミンおよび芳香族アミンからなる群から選択されるペンダント官能基を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 反応性改質化合物が、エステル、ケトン、チオエステル、アミド、スルファミド、アルコールおよびエーテルからなる群から選択されるペンダント官能基を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 反応性改質化合物が、チオール、スルフィド、ジスルフィド、アルデヒドおよびチオフェノールからなる群から選択されるペンダント官能基を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 反応性改質化合物が、ハロゲンからなる群から選択されるペンダント官能基を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 反応性改質化合物が、有機金属化合物および金属錯体からなる群から選択されるペンダント官能基を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第二の面に平行な第一の面を有する多孔質支持体、および内側の面および外側の面を含む改質された識別層を含む多層膜であって、内側の面は多孔質支持体の少なくとも1つの面と有効接触しており、外側の面および内側の面と外側の面との間に配置された改質された識別層の部分は、水素結合、イオン結合、共有結合、物理的なからみ合いおよび化学結合の少なくとも1つを介して改質された識別層に結合した複数のペンダント官能基を含み、化学結合はアミド、スルファミド、ウレタン、尿素、チオエステル、およびアミン(第二級アミン、第三級アミン、第四級アミンおよびβ−ヒドロキシルアミンを含む。)の少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする膜。
- ペンダント官能基は、脂肪族アミンおよび芳香族アミンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の膜。
- ペンダント官能基が、エステル、ケトン、チオエステル、アミド、スルファミド、アルコールおよびエーテルからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の膜。
- ペンダント官能基が、チオール、スルフィド、ジスルフィドおよびチオフェノールからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の膜。
- 識別層は、識別層の内側の面の近くの領域に対する、識別層の外側の面の近くの領域におけるペンダント官能基に由来する基の比が約1.5:1に等しいことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の膜。
- 改質された識別層が、より高い阻止率を膜に付与することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の膜。
- 改質された識別層が、硝酸塩、シリカ、ホウ酸、ヒ素およびセレンならびに金属塩の少なくとも1種を含む溶質のより高い阻止率を膜に付与することを特徴とする請求項19に記載の膜。
- 改質された識別層が、アルコール、消毒副生成物、ハロゲン化された溶媒、医薬品および内分泌撹乱物質の少なくとも1種を含む小さな有機物のより高い阻止率を膜に付与することを特徴とする請求項19に記載の膜。
- 改質された識別層が改善されたバイオ生育阻害を膜に付与することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の膜。
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JP2010517762A (ja) * | 2007-02-05 | 2010-05-27 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | 修飾ポリアミド膜 |
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JP2014523340A (ja) * | 2012-05-31 | 2014-09-11 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | カルボジイミド系化合物を含む高透過逆浸透膜及びこれを製造する方法 |
US9205384B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2015-12-08 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | High permeate flux reverse osmosis membrane including carbodiimide compound and method of manufacturing the same |
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JP2017012987A (ja) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-19 | 日東電工株式会社 | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法 |
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JP2017029980A (ja) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | ライプニッツ−インスティチュート フュア ポリマーフォルシュング ドレスデン エーファウLeibniz−Institut fuer Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. | 膜、及び膜の製造方法 |
JP2017205740A (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-24 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | 複合膜 |
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JP2020512187A (ja) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-04-23 | 日東電工株式会社 | 選択透過性酸化グラフェン膜 |
US11117101B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2021-09-14 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Selectively permeable graphene oxide membrane |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20090159527A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
KR20090010122A (ko) | 2009-01-28 |
JP4838352B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
US7882963B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 |
WO2007133362A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
CN101460237A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
CN101460237B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
KR101360751B1 (ko) | 2014-02-07 |
US20110155660A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
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