JP2009212435A - 低反射性基体及びそれを用いた太陽電池モジュール並びに低反射性基体の製造方法。 - Google Patents
低反射性基体及びそれを用いた太陽電池モジュール並びに低反射性基体の製造方法。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009212435A JP2009212435A JP2008056201A JP2008056201A JP2009212435A JP 2009212435 A JP2009212435 A JP 2009212435A JP 2008056201 A JP2008056201 A JP 2008056201A JP 2008056201 A JP2008056201 A JP 2008056201A JP 2009212435 A JP2009212435 A JP 2009212435A
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Abstract
【解決手段】熱分解性有機化合物、有機ケイ素化合物及び/又は無機ケイ素化合物、並びに、銅及びジルコニウム含有アモルファス型過酸化チタン及びアナターゼ型過酸化チタンの混合物を含む反射率低減剤を基体の表面に塗布し、これを加熱して当該基体を低反射性とする
【選択図】なし
Description
まず、四塩化チタン等の四価チタンの化合物とアンモニア等の塩基とを反応させて、水酸化チタンを形成する。次に、この水酸化チタンを酸化剤でペルオキソ化し、超微細粒子のアモルファス型過酸化チタンを形成する。この反応は好ましくは水性媒体中で行なわれる。さらに、任意に加熱処理することによりアナターゼ型過酸化チタンに転移させることも可能である。上記の各工程のいずれかにおいて銅及び/又はジルコニウム、或いは、それらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。
四塩化チタン等の四価チタンの化合物を酸化剤でペルオキソ化し、これとアンモニア等の塩基とを反応させて超微細粒子のアモルファス型過酸化チタンを形成する。この反応は好ましくは水性媒体中で行なわれる。さらに、任意に加熱処埋することによりアナターゼ型過酸化チタンに転移させることも可能である。上記の各工程のいずれかにおいて銅及び/又はジルコニウム、或いは、それらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。
四塩化チタン等の四価チタンの化合物を、酸化剤及び塩基と同時に反応させて、水酸化チタン形成とそのペルオキソ化とを同時に行い、超微細粒子のアモルファス型過酸化チタンを形成する。この反応は好ましくは水性媒体中で行なわれる。さらに、任意に加熱処埋することによりアナターゼ型過酸化チタンに転移させることも可能である。上記の各工程のいずれかにおいて銅及び/又はジルコニウム、或いは、それらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。
チタンアルコキシドに、水、アルコール等の溶媒、酸又は塩基触媒を混合撹拌し、チタンアルコキシドを加水分解させ、超微粒子の過酸化チタンのゾル溶液を生成する。この加水分解の前後のいずれかに、銅及び/又はジルコニウム、或いは、それらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。なお、このようにして得られる過酸化チタンは、ペルオキソ基を有するアモルファス型である。
金属ドープチタン酸化物の製造に使用する四価チタンの化合物としては、塩基と反応させた際に、オルトチタン酸(H4TiO4)とも呼称される水酸化チタンを形成できるものであれば各種のチタン化合物が使用でき、例えば四塩化チタン、硫酸チタン、硝酸チタン、燐酸チタン等のチタンの水溶性無機酸塩がある。それ以外にも蓚酸チタン等のチタンの水溶性有機酸塩も使用できる。なお、これらの各種チタン化合物の中では、水溶性に特に優れ、かつ金属ドープ過酸化チタンの分散液中にチタン以外の成分が残留しない点で、四塩化チタンが好ましい。
上記四価チタンの化合物と反応させる塩基は、四価チタンの化合物と反応して水酸化チタンを形成できるものであれば、各種のものが使用可能であり、それにはアンモニア、苛性ソーダ、炭酸ソーダ、苛性カリ等が例示できるが、アンモニアが好ましい。
銅、ジルコニウムの化合物としては、それぞれ以下のものが例示できる。
Cu化合物:Cu(OH)2、Cu(NO3)2、CuSO4、CuCl2、Cu(CH3COO)2
Zr化合物:Zr(OH)3、ZrCl2、ZrCl4
下記の方法で調製したジルコニウムをドープしたアモルファス型過酸化チタン水分散液、銅ドープチタニア(アモルファス型過酸化チタン)水分散液(Z18−1000nA(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製)(濃度0.6重量%に調整したもの))、アナターゼ型過酸化チタン水分散液(B51(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製)(濃度0.6重量%に調整したもの))、及び、ポリシリケート(WM−12(多摩化学工業(株)製))を1:1:1:7(重量比)の割合で混合し、更に、この混合物に対して、有機ケイ素化合物水分散液(Z−B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製))10重量%、及び、市販の上白糖1重量%を添加して評価液1を調製した。
純水1000mlに50%四塩化チタン溶液(住友シチックス株式会社製)20gとZrCl2O・8H2O(二塩化酸化ジルコニウム:和光純薬工業(株)製)1.696gを完全に溶解した溶液に純水を加え2000mlにメスアップした溶液を準備する。これに25%アンモニア水(高杉製薬株式会社製)を10倍希釈したアンモニア水を滴下してpH7.0に調整して水酸化ジルコニウムと水酸化チタンの混合物を沈殿させた。この沈殿物を純水で上澄み液の導電率が0.8mS/m以下になるようデカンテーション洗浄を繰り返し、導電率が0.702mS/mになったところで洗浄を終了すると、0.79重量%濃度の水酸化物が626g作製された。次いで、この含有液に室温下で35%過酸化水素水(タイキ薬品工業(株)製)を56g添加し16時間撹拌すると黄褐色の0.88重量%濃度のジルコニウムがドープしたアモルファス型過酸化チタン溶液680gが得られた。
ジルコニウム及び銅ドープチタニア(アモルファス型過酸化チタン)水分散液:Z18−1000superA(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製)(濃度0.6重量%に調整したもの)、アナターゼ型過酸化チタン水分散液(B51(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製)(濃度0.6重量%に調整したもの))、及び、ポリシリケート((WM−12(多摩化学工業(株)製))を1:1:8(重量比)の割合で混合し、更に、この混合物に対して、有機ケイ素化合物水分散液(Z−B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製))10重量%、及び、市販の上白糖1重量%を添加して評価液2を調製した。
銅ドープチタニア(アモルファス型過酸化チタン)水分散液(Z18−1000nA(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製)(濃度0.6重量%に調整したもの))、及び、ポリシリケート(WM−12(多摩化学工業(株)製))を1:9(重量比)の割合で混合して、評価液3を調製した。
銅ドープチタニア(アモルファス型過酸化チタン)水分散液(Z18−1000nA(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製)(濃度0.6重量%に調整したもの))、及び、ポリシリケート(WM−12(多摩化学工業(株)製))を1:9(重量比)の割合で混合し、更に、この混合物に対して、有機ケイ素化合物水分散液(Z−B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株)製))10重量%、及び、市販の上白糖1重量%を添加して評価液4を調製した。
評価液1〜4を、厚さ2.8mmの透明白ガラス製基板にスポンジシート工法でそれぞれ塗布し、580℃で30分焼成した。このようにして得られた評価基板を、それぞれ、実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜2とした。比較例1以外は、その表面に図7及び図8に示されるような多数の微細な凹凸を有する多孔質層が形成されていた。なお、多孔質層の厚みは平均約150nmであった。一方、評価液を塗布しないで同様に焼成したものを比較例3とした。
実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜3のそれぞれについて、紫外線・可視光光度計V−550DS(日本分光(株))を用いて、以下の条件で可視光線の透過率及び反射率を測定した。測光モード:%T、%R、レスポンス:Medium、走査速度100nm/分、開始波長780nm、終了波長380nm、データ取込間隔1.0nm。測定は4回繰り返し、その平均値を透過率及び反射率とした。結果を表1及び表2に示す。
次に、以下の評価基板1〜4及び比較基板を使用して、光透過性の反射率低減膜厚依存性を評価した。
厚さ1.8mmのガラス基板に評価液2をコーティングし、焼成して多孔質層を形成した。多孔質層の膜厚は80〜130nmであった(干渉膜色:グレー)。
厚さ1.8mmのガラス基板に評価液2をコーティングし、焼成して多孔質層を形成した。多孔質層の膜厚は130〜180nmであった(干渉膜色:青)。
厚さ1.8mmのガラス基板に評価液2をコーティングし、焼成して多孔質層を形成した。多孔質層の膜厚は180〜250nmであった(干渉膜色:黄)。
厚さ1.8mmのガラス基板に評価液2をコーティングし、焼成し多孔質層を形成した。多孔質層の膜厚は250〜300nmであった(干渉膜色:紫)。
厚さ1.8mmのガラス基板。
評価基板1〜4及び比較基板のそれぞれについて、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計UV-3100((株)島津製作所)を用いて、以下の条件で基板の透過率を測定した。測定モード:スペクトル、スキャン速度:高速、開始波長1500nm、終了波長300nm、データ取込間隔2.0nm。測定は4回繰り返し、波長300nm〜1200nmの平均値を透過率とした。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (9)
- 銅及びジルコニウム含有アナターゼ型酸化チタン、並びに、ケイ素化合物を含み、平均厚さ50nm〜300nm、最大高さ30nm以下の反射率低減多孔質膜を表面に備える低反射性基体であって、
前記アナターゼ型酸化チタンが、アモルファス型酸化チタンを加熱して得られたアナターゼ型酸化チタンと、アモルファス型酸化チタンを加熱して得られたものではないアナターゼ型酸化チタンの混合物からなることを特徴とする低反射性基体。 - 前記反射率低減多孔質膜の平均厚さが130nm〜180nmである、請求項1記載の低反射性基体。
- 熱分解性有機化合物、有機ケイ素化合物及び/又は無機ケイ素化合物、並びに、銅及びジルコニウム含有アモルファス型過酸化チタン及びアナターゼ型過酸化チタンの混合物を含む反射率低減剤を基体の表面に塗布し、加熱することにより得られる、平均厚さ50nm〜300nmであり、最大高さ30nm以下の反射率低減多孔質膜を表面に備える低反射性基体。
- 前記反射率低減多孔質膜の平均厚さが130nm〜180nmである、請求項3記載の低反射性基体。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の低反射性基体を備える太陽電池モジュール。
- 熱分解性有機化合物、有機ケイ素化合物及び/又は無機ケイ素化合物、並びに、銅及びジルコニウム含有アモルファス型過酸化チタン及びアナターゼ型過酸化チタンの混合物を含む反射率低減剤を基体の表面に塗布し、加熱することを特徴とする、低反射性基体の製造方法。
- 前記熱分解性有機化合物が糖又は糖アルコールである、請求項6記載の低反射性基体の製造方法。
- 前記基体の少なくとも一部がガラス製である、請求項6又は7記載の低反射性基体の製造方法。
- 前記加熱を400℃以上の温度で行う、請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の低反射性基体の製造方法。
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CN102652365A (zh) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-08-29 | Ppg工业俄亥俄公司 | 具有改进雾度的硅薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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