WO2010125690A1 - 光透過性基体の透過可視光量増加剤及びそれを用いた高光透過性基体の製造方法 - Google Patents
光透過性基体の透過可視光量増加剤及びそれを用いた高光透過性基体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010125690A1 WO2010125690A1 PCT/JP2009/058575 JP2009058575W WO2010125690A1 WO 2010125690 A1 WO2010125690 A1 WO 2010125690A1 JP 2009058575 W JP2009058575 W JP 2009058575W WO 2010125690 A1 WO2010125690 A1 WO 2010125690A1
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- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
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- C09D105/00—Coating compositions based on polysaccharides or on their derivatives, not provided for in groups C09D101/00 or C09D103/00
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/111—Anti-reflection coatings using layers comprising organic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmitted visible light amount increasing agent that increases the transmitted visible light amount of a light transmissive substrate, a method for producing a highly light transmissive substrate characterized by performing surface treatment with the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent, and light.
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing the amount of visible light transmitted through a transmissive substrate.
- optical elements such as photovoltaic power generation cells and optical elements such as light emitting elements of various video apparatuses whose functional characteristics depend on the amount of transmitted light, so that a larger amount of transmitted light can be obtained.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-70040 describes that the surface of the lens substrate is etched to form fine irregularities having a predetermined pattern in order to reduce reflectivity.
- the processing apparatus becomes large, and when the lens base has a curved surface, it is difficult to form irregularities on the curved surface. Also, with this method, the amount of transmitted light cannot be increased more than the amount of reflected light reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described prior art, and an object thereof is to increase the visible light transmission amount of a substrate by a simple method applicable regardless of the material and shape of the substrate.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by forming a layer containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound on the surface of a light-transmitting substrate.
- the layer can be formed by applying a transmitted visible light amount increasing agent for a light transmissive substrate containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound to the light transmissive substrate, and performing a heat treatment or a non-heat treatment.
- heat treatment means heating to a temperature exceeding normal temperature (20 to 30 ° C., preferably 25 ° C.), and exposure to sunlight for a certain period of time (for example, reaching 50 to 100 ° C.). To be).
- non-heat treatment means maintaining at room temperature for a certain period of time.
- the layer and the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent preferably contain titanium oxide.
- the titanium oxide is preferably metal-doped titanium oxide.
- the titanium oxide may be titanium peroxide.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent preferably contains a thermally decomposable organic compound.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher.
- the thermally decomposable organic compound can be a sugar or a sugar alcohol, and the sugar can be at least one selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Meanwhile, the thermally decomposable organic compound may be a water-soluble organic polymer.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent further comprises a composite of (1) a cation; (2) a conductor or dielectric having a positive charge; and (3) a conductor having a positive charge and a dielectric or semiconductor.
- One or more kinds of positively charged substances selected from the group can be contained.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent further comprises (4) a negative ion; (5) a conductor or dielectric having a negative charge; (6) a composite of a conductor having a negative charge and a dielectric or semiconductor; 7) One or more negatively charged substances selected from the group consisting of substances having a photocatalytic function can be contained.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent may further contain both the positively charged substance and the negatively charged substance.
- light means electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, and infrared rays
- visible light means electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the transmitted visible light amount of the light-transmitting substrate by a simple method regardless of the material and shape of the substrate. Therefore, according to the present invention, a highly light-transmitting substrate can be easily and economically produced.
- the substrate obtained according to the present invention is particularly preferable as an optical element or an optical member that is required to have high transparency of electromagnetic waves such as light.
- an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound preferably further, a transmitted visible light amount increasing agent containing titanium oxide, particularly metal-doped titanium oxide, is applied to a light-transmitting substrate and subjected to heat treatment or non-heat treatment, and the organosilicon compound
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent further contains a thermally decomposable organic compound
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent contains a positively charged substance and / or a negatively charged substance, the surface of the light transmissive substrate is prevented from being contaminated, so that the effect of increasing the transmitted light quantity is maintained over a long period of time. be able to.
- FIG. 1 shows the outline of an example of the 1st manufacturing method of a metal dope titanium peroxide.
- Conceptual diagram showing the mechanism of positive charge imparted by a composite Conceptual diagram showing the mechanism by which contaminants are removed from the positively charged substrate surface
- the conceptual diagram which shows an example of the positive charge and negative charge provision mechanism in this invention The conceptual diagram which shows the other example of the positive charge and negative charge provision mechanism in this invention Schematic diagram showing the mechanism by which contaminants are removed from the surface of a positively and negatively charged substrate
- the present inventors By forming a layer containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound on the surface of the light transmissive substrate, the present inventors have unexpectedly increased the amount of visible light transmitted through the light transmissive substrate.
- the present invention was completed by finding out that the amount of incident light exceeds the amount of light reflected by the light-transmitting substrate (and the amount of light absorbed by the substrate). Further, when titanium oxide is added to the layer, the transmitted visible light amount is further increased, and when the metal-doped titanium oxide is used as the titanium oxide, the transmitted visible light amount is further increased.
- the transmitted visible light amount of the light transmissive substrate is increased, and the transmitted visible light amount of the light transmissive substrate> the incident visible light amount on the light transmissive substrate ⁇ (the reflected visible light amount of the transmissive substrate + the substrate).
- the amount of visible light transmitted through the light-transmitting substrate is increased by a layer containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound, a layer containing an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and titanium oxide, or an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and a metal.
- a layer containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound a layer containing an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and titanium oxide, or an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and a metal.
- the layer containing doped titanium oxide itself emits visible light.
- the reason why the layer emits visible light is that atoms or molecules in the layer are excited by electromagnetic waves outside the visible light region such as ultraviolet rays and emit visible light when returning from the excited state to the ground state. Conceivable.
- the present invention provides a layer containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound, a layer containing an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and titanium oxide, or a layer containing an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and metal-doped titanium oxide. It utilizes the visible light radiation phenomenon that involves the. In addition, since it is thought that a positively charged substance and / or a negatively charged substance contribute to this visible light radiation phenomenon in some form, it is preferable to contain a positively charged substance or a negatively charged substance.
- an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound (a) an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound, (b) an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and titanium oxide, or (c) an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and metal-doped titanium oxide.
- An organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound, an organic silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound and titanium oxide, or an organic material is obtained by applying a transmitted visible light amount increasing agent of a transparent substrate to a light transmissive substrate and performing a heat treatment or a non-heat treatment.
- a layer containing a silicon compound, an inorganic silicon compound, and a metal-doped titanium oxide is formed on the light-transmitting substrate to increase the transmitted visible light amount. That is, the present invention is also a method for producing a highly transparent substrate using the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent or a transmitted visible light amount increasing method for a light transmitting substrate using the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent.
- the substrate to be surface-treated according to the present invention various light transmissive substrates can be used.
- the material of the substrate is not particularly limited, and a hydrophilic or hydrophobic inorganic substrate and organic substrate, or a combination thereof can be used.
- the inorganic base examples include transparent or translucent glass such as soda lime glass, quartz glass, and heat-resistant glass, or a base made of a metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), and silicon or metal.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the organic base examples include a base made of plastic.
- plastics include, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, polyester such as PET, polyamide, ABS resin, thermoplastic resin such as polyvinyl chloride, and polyurethane, melamine resin, urea resin, Examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as silicone resins, fluororesins, and epoxy resins.
- an inorganic base is preferable, and a base made of resin, metal, or glass is particularly preferable at least partially or preferably all.
- the material of the organic base is preferably a thermosetting resin.
- the shape of the substrate is not particularly limited, and can be any shape such as a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, a sphere, a spindle, a sheet, a film, and a fiber.
- the substrate surface may be rendered hydrophilic or hydrophobic by corona discharge treatment or ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
- the substrate surface may have a flat surface and / or a curved surface, and may be embossed, but preferably has smoothness.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent used in the present invention is a liquid composition containing at least an organosilicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent preferably further contains titanium oxide, particularly metal-doped titanium oxide.
- the titanium oxide used in the present invention means an oxide of titanium.
- various titanium monoxides such as TiO, TiO 2 , TiO 3 , TiO 3 / nH 2 O, titanium dioxide, and titanium peroxide.
- titanium peroxide having a peroxo group is preferable.
- the titanium oxide is preferably in the form of fine particles.
- the titanium oxide may be an amorphous type, or an amorphous type, anatase type, brookite type, or rutile type, but is preferably an amorphous type, and particularly preferably a mixture of an amorphous type and an anatase type.
- commercially available titanium oxide sol solutions of various crystal types can be used as the titanium oxide.
- Metals contained in metal-doped titanium oxide include gold, silver, platinum, copper, zirconium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, iron, zinc, germanium, hafnium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, palladium, vanadium, niobium, and calcium. And at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of tantalum is preferred.
- the metal-doped titanium oxide a mixture of various crystal-type titanium oxide sol liquids and various metal sol liquids can be used.
- metal-doped titanium peroxide is particularly preferable.
- a method for producing metal-doped titanium peroxide a production method based on a hydrochloric acid method or a sulfuric acid method, which is a general method for producing titanium dioxide powder, may be employed, and methods for producing various liquid-dispersed titania solutions May be adopted. And the said metal can be compounded with titanium peroxide regardless of the manufacturing stage.
- the titanium peroxide used in the present invention is preferably an amorphous type, and particularly a mixture of amorphous type titanium peroxide and anatase type titanium peroxide is preferable.
- the method for producing the metal-doped titanium peroxide a production method based on a hydrochloric acid method or a sulfuric acid method, which is a general method for producing titanium dioxide powder, may be employed, and production of various liquid-dispersed titania solutions. A method may be adopted. And the said metal can be compounded with titanium peroxide regardless of the manufacturing stage.
- specific methods for producing the metal-doped titanium peroxide include the following first to third production methods and conventionally known sol-gel methods.
- a titanium hydroxide is formed by reacting a tetravalent titanium compound such as titanium tetrachloride with a base such as ammonia.
- this titanium hydroxide is peroxo-oxidized with an oxidizing agent to form ultrafine particles of amorphous titanium peroxide.
- This reaction is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium.
- it is possible to transfer to anatase-type titanium peroxide by optionally performing a heat treatment.
- the peroxidation oxidizing agent is not particularly limited, and various types can be used as long as they can form a titanium peroxo compound, that is, titanium peroxide, but hydrogen peroxide is preferable.
- hydrogen peroxide is used as the oxidizing agent
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 40%. It is preferred to cool the titanium hydroxide before peroxolation. The cooling temperature at that time is preferably 1 to 5 ° C.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the first manufacturing method.
- an aqueous solution of titanium tetrachloride and aqueous ammonia are mixed with gold, silver, platinum, copper, zirconium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, tin, zinc, germanium, hafnium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, palladium. , Vanadium, niobium, calcium and tantalum or in the presence of at least one of these compounds to form a mixture of the metal hydroxide and titanium hydroxide.
- the concentration and temperature of the reaction mixture at that time are not particularly limited, but are preferably dilute and normal temperature. This reaction is a neutralization reaction, and it is preferable that the pH of the reaction mixture is finally adjusted to around 7.
- the metal and titanium hydroxide thus obtained are washed with pure water, cooled to around 5 ° C., and then peroxoated with hydrogen peroxide.
- an aqueous dispersion containing titanium peroxide fine particles having amorphous peroxo groups doped with metal that is, an aqueous dispersion containing metal-doped titanium peroxide can be produced.
- a tetravalent titanium compound such as titanium tetrachloride is peroxo-oxidized with an oxidizing agent, and this is reacted with a base such as ammonia to form amorphous fine titanium peroxide.
- This reaction is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, it is possible to transfer to anatase-type titanium peroxide by arbitrarily heat-treating.
- a tetravalent titanium compound such as titanium tetrachloride is reacted simultaneously with an oxidizing agent and a base to form titanium hydroxide and peroxotate at the same time. Form. This reaction is preferably carried out in an aqueous medium. Furthermore, it is possible to transfer to anatase-type titanium peroxide by arbitrarily heat-treating.
- a titanium alkoxide is mixed and stirred with a solvent such as water or alcohol, an acid or a base catalyst, and the titanium alkoxide is hydrolyzed to produce a sol solution of ultrafine titanium peroxide.
- the titanium peroxide thus obtained is an amorphous type having a peroxo group.
- titanium alkoxide a compound represented by the general formula: Ti (OR ′) 4 (where R ′ is an alkyl group), or one or two alkoxide groups (OR ′) in the general formula is a carboxyl group.
- R ′ is an alkyl group
- OR ′ is an alkoxide groups
- a compound substituted with a ⁇ -dicarbonyl group or a mixture thereof is preferable.
- titanium alkoxide examples include Ti (O—isoC 3 H 7 ) 4 , Ti (O—nC 4 H 9 ) 4 , Ti (O—CH 2 CH (C 2 H 5 ) C 4 H 9 ) 4. Ti (O—C 17 H 35 ) 4 , Ti (O—isoC 3 H 7 ) 2 [CO (CH 3 ) CHCOCH 3 ] 2 , Ti (O—nC 4 H 9 ) 2 [OC 2 H 4 N ( C 2 H 4 OH) 2] 2, Ti (OH) 2 [OCH (CH 3) COOH] 2, Ti (OCH 2 CH (C 2 H 5) CH (OH) C 3 H 7) 4, Ti (O -NC 4 H 9 ) 2 (OCOC 17 H 35 ) and the like.
- Tetravalent titanium compound Tetravalent titanium compound used in the production of metal-doped titanium peroxide forms titanium hydroxide, also called orthotitanic acid (H 4 TiO 4 ), when reacted with a base.
- various titanium compounds can be used, and examples thereof include water-soluble inorganic acid salts of titanium such as titanium tetrachloride, titanium sulfate, titanium nitrate, and titanium phosphate.
- water-soluble organic acid salts of titanium such as titanium oxalate can be used.
- titanium tetrachloride is preferred because it is particularly excellent in water solubility and no components other than titanium remain in the dispersion of metal-doped titanium peroxide.
- the concentration of the solution is not particularly limited as long as a titanium hydroxide gel can be formed, but a relatively dilute solution is preferable.
- the solution concentration of the tetravalent titanium compound is preferably 5 to 0.01% by weight, more preferably 0.9 to 0.3% by weight.
- the base to be reacted with the tetravalent titanium compound various substances can be used as long as they can react with the tetravalent titanium compound to form titanium hydroxide.
- ammonia caustic soda, sodium carbonate
- caustic potash examples thereof include caustic potash, and ammonia is preferable.
- the concentration of the solution is not particularly limited as long as a titanium hydroxide gel can be formed, but a relatively dilute solution is preferable.
- the concentration of the base solution is preferably 10 to 0.01% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 0.1% by weight.
- the ammonia concentration is preferably 10 to 0.01% by weight, more preferably 1.0 to 0.1% by weight.
- Metal compounds As compounds from gold, silver, platinum, copper, zirconium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, iron, zinc, germanium, hafnium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, palladium, vanadium, niobium, calcium, and tantalum The following can be exemplified.
- Au compound AuCl, AuCl 3 , AuOH, Au (OH) 2 , Au 2 O, Au 2 O 3
- Ag compound AgNO 3 , AgF, AgClO 3 , AgOH, Ag (NH 3 ) OH, Ag 2 SO 4
- Pt compounds PtCl 2 , PtO, Pt (NH 3 ) Cl 2 , PtO 2 , PtCl 4 , [Pt (OH) 6 ] 2 ⁇
- Ni compound Ni (OH) 2 , NiCl 2 Co compounds: Co (OH) NO 3, Co (OH) 2, CoSO 4, CoCl 2
- Cu compound Cu (OH) 2 , Cu (NO 3 ) 2 , CuSO 4 , CuCl 2 , Cu (CH 3 COO) 2
- Zr compound Zr (OH) 3 , ZrCl 2 , ZrCl 4 Mn compound: MnNO 3 , MnSO 4 , MnCl 2 Sn compound: SnCl 2 , SnCl 4
- Titanium peroxide concentration in the aqueous dispersion obtained by the first to third production methods is preferably 0.05 to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- money, silver, platinum, copper, zirconium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, tin, iron, zinc, germanium, hafnium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, palladium, vanadium, niobium, calcium, and tantalum Is a molar ratio of titanium to metal component of 1: 1 in the present invention, but is preferably from 1: 0.01 to 1: 0.5, preferably from 1: 0.03 to the stability of the aqueous dispersion. 1: 0.1 is more preferable.
- titanium peroxides examples include amorphous titanium peroxide aqueous dispersion SP185, silica-doped amorphous titanium peroxide aqueous dispersion SPS185, copper and zirconium-doped titania aqueous dispersion Z18-1000SuperA, and silver-doped titania aqueous dispersion. SP-10 (Sustainable Technology Co., Ltd.).
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent used in the present invention preferably contains anatase type titanium peroxide together with the metal doped amorphous type titanium peroxide obtained as described above.
- amorphous type titanium peroxide may be transferred by heating (typically after application of the light-transmitting substrate surface described later), but amorphous type titanium peroxide is transferred by heating.
- Anatase-type titanium peroxide is not preferred. That is, the anatase-type titanium peroxide contained in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent may be formed in-situ by transferring a part of amorphous titanium peroxide by heating, but at least a part ( All are preferably added separately from the outside.
- the concentration of titanium peroxide when contained in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent can be appropriately changed according to the degree of surface treatment of the substrate, but is typically 0.01 to 90% by weight, preferably Is 0.1 to 50% by weight, more preferably 1 to 20% by weight.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent preferably contains a thermally decomposable organic compound when applied to a heat-resistant inorganic substrate or a thermosetting resin substrate.
- the thermally decomposable organic compound is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic compound that is decomposed by heating, but is preferably one that decomposes by heating to release a gas such as CO 2 .
- heating temperature 300 degreeC or more is preferable, 400 degreeC or more is more preferable, and 450 degreeC or more is still more preferable.
- the thermally decomposable organic compound include sugars or sugar alcohols, water-soluble organic polymers, and mixtures thereof. Sugars or sugar alcohols are preferable, and sugars are more preferable.
- “sugar” is a carbohydrate having a large number of hydroxy groups and carbonyl groups, and examples thereof include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, ribose and erythrose.
- disaccharides include maltose, lactose, and sucrose (sucrose).
- Examples of oligosaccharides include fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides.
- Examples of the polysaccharide include starch, cellulose, and pectin. These may be used alone or in a mixture. From the viewpoint of usability, a highly water-soluble sugar is preferable. Therefore, in this invention, the 1 type, or 2 or more types of mixture selected from the group which consists of a monosaccharide and a disaccharide is used suitably.
- “Sugar alcohol” is obtained by reducing the carbonyl group of a sugar.
- Specific examples of the sugar alcohol include erythritol, threitol, arabinitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, and multitoinositol. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- any thermally decomposable organic polymer can be used as long as it is water-soluble, but a polyether such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol block copolymer, etc.
- Polyvinyl alcohol polyacrylic acid (including salts such as alkali metal salts and ammonium salts), polymethacrylic acid (including salts such as alkali metal salts and ammonium salts), polyacrylic acid-polymethacrylic acid (alkali metal salts, Examples thereof include copolymers (including salts such as ammonium salts), polyacrylamides, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the water-soluble organic polymer may be used alone, but can also function as a sugar or sugar alcohol solubilizing agent, so that it can be blended with sugar or sugar alcohol. Thereby, sugar or sugar alcohol can be dissolved well in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent.
- the concentration of the thermally decomposable organic compound when included in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent can be appropriately changed depending on the degree of surface treatment of the substrate, but is typically 0.01 to 20% by weight. , Preferably 0.05 to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- the organosilicon compound examples include various organosilane compounds, and silicones such as silicone oil, silicone rubber, and silicone resin. These may be used alone or in a mixture.
- silicone those having an alkyl silicate structure or a polyether structure in the molecule, or those having both an alkyl silicate structure and a polyether structure are preferable.
- the alkyl silicate structure refers to a structure in which an alkyl group is bonded to a silicon atom of a siloxane skeleton.
- a polyether structure refers to a structure having an ether bond, and is not limited to these.
- polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polytetramethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymer are used.
- examples thereof include molecular structures such as a polymer, a polyethylene polytetramethylene glycol copolymer, and a polytetramethylene glycol-polypropylene oxide copolymer.
- a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymer is preferable from the viewpoint that the wettability on the substrate surface can be controlled by the block degree and the molecular weight.
- silicone having both an alkyl silicate structure and a polyether structure in the molecule is particularly preferable.
- polyether-modified silicone such as polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane is suitable. This can be produced by a known method, for example, by the method described in Synthesis Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 of JP-A-4-242499, or Reference Example of JP-A-9-165318. be able to.
- polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymer-modified polydimethylsiloxane obtained by reacting methallyl polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymer with dihydropolydimethylsiloxane is preferred.
- TSF4445, TSF4446 (GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.), KP series (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), SH 200, SH3746M, DC3PA, ST869A (Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.), etc. are used. be able to.
- the concentration of the organosilicon compound in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent can be appropriately changed according to the degree of surface treatment of the substrate, but is typically 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.
- Examples of the inorganic silicon compound include silica (silicon dioxide), silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silane and the like, and silica is preferable.
- silica fumed silica, colloidal silica, precipitated silica and the like can be used, but colloidal silica is preferable.
- Examples of commercially available colloidal silica include PL-1 and PL-3 (Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and polysilicates such as WM-12 (manufactured by Tama Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and silica sol 51 (manufactured by Colcoat Co., Ltd.). ) Etc. can be used.
- the concentration of the inorganic silicon compound in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent can be appropriately changed depending on the degree of the surface treatment of the substrate, but is typically 0.01 to 98% by weight, preferably 0.8. 1 to 90% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 80% by weight.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent preferably contains an aqueous medium that is water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof, or a non-aqueous medium such as an organic solvent.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent of the present invention preferably contains an aqueous medium.
- the concentration of these media is typically 50-99.9% by weight, preferably 60-99% by weight, more preferably 70-97% by weight.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent is applied to the surface of the light transmitting substrate and is subjected to non-heat treatment or heat treatment. As a result, a layer containing an organic silicon compound and an inorganic silicon compound is formed on the surface of the light transmissive substrate, and the amount of visible light transmitted through the light transmissive substrate is increased.
- the application means and application method of the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent are not particularly limited, and any means and method can be used, for example, dip method, spray method, roll coater method, spin coater method, sponge sheet method Any coating method such as can be used.
- the temperature at the time of heating is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be heated to an arbitrary temperature of 30 ° C. or higher. When it contains a thermally decomposable organic substance, 300 degreeC or more is more preferable, 400 degreeC or more is still more preferable, 450 degreeC or more is still more preferable.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1000 ° C. or less, more preferably 850 ° C. or less, and still more preferably 800 ° C. or less from the viewpoint of influence on various properties of the substrate. .
- the heating time is not particularly limited as long as the heat decomposable organic compound can be sufficiently carbonized, but is preferably 1 minute to 3 hours, more preferably 1 minute to 1 hour, and even more preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes.
- the titanium peroxide changes to titanium oxide (titanium dioxide).
- the amorphous titanium oxide is further transferred to anatase titanium oxide (generally, amorphous titanium oxide is transferred to anatase type by heating at 100 ° C. for 2 hours or more). Therefore, when amorphous type titanium peroxide is contained in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent, the anatase type titanium oxide obtained by the process of amorphous type titanium peroxide ⁇ amorphous type titanium oxide ⁇ anatase type titanium oxide is present on the substrate surface. Exists. Furthermore, when the anatase-type titanium peroxide is already contained in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent, it is directly changed into anatase-type titanium oxide by heating.
- the decomposition product carbon dioxide gas or the like derived from the thermally decomposable organic compound in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent is ejected on the surface of the heat-treated substrate.
- a porous layer having a large number of fine irregularities on the surface is formed. Due to this fine unevenness, the reflectance of the substrate surface is reduced, and as a result, the light transmittance of the substrate is further improved.
- the average layer thickness of the porous layer is not particularly limited as long as the transmittance of the substrate is improved, but is preferably 0.1 to 3 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 1 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m. Is more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 ⁇ m (50 to 300 nm), still more preferably 80 to 250 nm, still more preferably 130 to 250 nm, and particularly preferably 130 to 180 nm.
- the surface of the porous layer preferably has a surface roughness with a maximum height (Rmax) of 50 nm or less, and the maximum height is more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the particle size of titanium oxide contained in the porous layer is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 50 nm, and still more preferably 1 nm to 20 nm.
- fine irregularities are not formed on the surface of the substrate itself by etching or the like, but fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the substrate by forming a thin porous layer on the surface. Microfabrication is not required and it is easy to form irregularities. Further, since the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent, which is a precursor of the porous layer, is applied to the substrate surface by coating, the substrate surface can be treated over a wide range, and further, a substrate having a curved surface such as a lens can be used. Even if it exists, an unevenness
- the present invention it is possible to increase the amount of visible light transmitted through the substrate and reduce the reflectance by a simple method applicable regardless of the material and shape of the substrate, thereby increasing the transmittance.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent of the present invention various positively charged substances, negatively charged substances, or mixtures thereof can be blended in addition to the above components.
- contamination of the substrate surface is avoided or reduced, and at the same time, radical molecules such as oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen that have been excited by the emission of electrons from anatase-type titanium oxide and / or silicon compounds are returned to the ground state.
- high light transmittance can be maintained over a long period of time.
- Examples of the positively charged substance include a cation; a positively charged conductor or dielectric; a composite of a positively charged conductor and dielectric or semiconductor; or a mixture thereof.
- the cation is not particularly limited, but alkali metal ions such as sodium and potassium; alkaline earth metal ions such as calcium; aluminum, tin, cesium, indium, cerium, selenium, chromium, nickel , Ions of metal elements such as antimony, iron, copper, manganese, tungsten, zirconium, and zinc are preferable, and copper ions are particularly preferable. Furthermore, cationic molecules such as methyl violet, bismarck brown, methylene blue and malachite green, and organic molecules having a cationic group such as silicone modified with a quaternary nitrogen atom-containing group can also be used.
- the valence of ions is not particularly limited, and for example, a monovalent to tetravalent cation can be used.
- metal salt aluminum chloride, first and second tin chloride, chromium chloride, nickel chloride, first and second antimony chloride, first and second iron chloride, cesium chloride, indium trichloride, first cerium chloride.
- metal salts such as selenium tetrachloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, tungsten tetrachloride, tungsten oxychloride, potassium tungstate, zirconium oxychloride, zinc chloride, and barium carbonate.
- metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, and indium hydroxide, hydroxides such as silicotungstic acid, and oxides such as oil and fat oxides can also be used.
- the positively charged conductor or dielectric may include a conductor or dielectric having a positive charge other than the above-mentioned cation.
- the conductor used may be a metal from the viewpoint of durability.
- metals such as aluminum, tin, cesium, indium, cerium, selenium, chromium, nickel, antimony, iron, silver, copper, manganese, platinum, tungsten, zirconium, and zinc, and metal oxides can be used.
- a composite or alloy of these metals can also be used.
- the shape of the conductor is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a particle shape, a flake shape, or a fiber shape.
- metal salts of some metals can be used. Specifically, aluminum chloride, first and second tin chlorides, chromium chloride, nickel chloride, first and second antimony chlorides, first and second iron chlorides, silver nitrate, cesium chloride, indium trichloride, first chloride chloride Various metal salts such as cerium, selenium tetrachloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, platinum chloride, tungsten tetrachloride, tungsten oxychloride, potassium tungstate, gold chloride, zirconium oxychloride, zinc chloride, etc. It can be illustrated. Also, hydroxides or oxides such as indium hydroxide and silicotungstic acid can be used.
- dielectric material having a positive charge examples include dielectric materials such as wool and nylon that are positively charged by friction.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram in which a conductor-dielectric or semiconductor-conductor combination is arranged on the surface of a substrate (not shown) or in a surface layer.
- the conductor can have a positively charged state on the surface by the presence of a high concentration of free electrons that can freely move inside.
- a conductive substance containing a cation may be used as the conductor.
- the dielectric or semiconductor adjacent to the conductor is dielectrically polarized due to the influence of the surface charge state of the conductor.
- negative charges are generated in the dielectric or semiconductor on the side adjacent to the conductor and positive charges are generated on the non-adjacent side.
- the surface of the conductor-dielectric or semiconductor-conductor combination is positively charged, and a positive charge is imparted to the substrate surface.
- the size of the complex (referring to the length of the longest axis passing through the complex) can be in the range of 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 100 nm. .
- the conductor constituting the composite used in the present invention is preferably a metal from the viewpoint of durability.
- oxides, composites or alloys of these metals can be used.
- the shape of the conductor is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a particle shape, a flake shape, or a fiber shape.
- metal salts of some metals can be used. Specifically, aluminum chloride, first and second tin chlorides, chromium chloride, nickel chloride, first and second antimony chlorides, first and second iron chlorides, silver nitrate, cesium chloride, indium trichloride, first chloride chloride Such as cerium, selenium tetrachloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, platinum platinum chloride, tungsten tetrachloride, tungsten oxychloride, potassium tungstate, gold chloride, zirconium oxychloride, zinc chloride, lithium iron phosphate, etc.
- Various metal salts can be exemplified.
- hydroxides of the above conductor metals such as aluminum hydroxide, iron hydroxide and chromium hydroxide, and oxides of the above conductor metals such as zinc oxide can also be used.
- Conductors include polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polythiophene vinylon, polyisothianaphthene, polyacetylene, polyalkylpyrrole, polyalkylthiophene, poly-p-phenylene, polyphenylene vinylon, polymethoxyphenylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene oxide Conductive polymers such as anthracene, polynaphthalene, polypyrene, and polyazulene can also be used.
- Examples of the semiconductor include C, Si, Ge, Sn, GaAs, Inp, GeN, ZnSe, and PbSnTe.
- a semiconductor metal oxide, a photo semiconductor metal, and a photo semiconductor metal oxide can also be used.
- TiO 2 titanium oxide
- Examples of the dielectric include barium titanate (PZT), which is a ferroelectric material, so-called SBT, BLT, and the following PZT, PLZT- (Pb, La) (Zr, Ti) O 3 , SBT, SBTN-SrBi 2 (Ta, Nb) 2 O 9 , BST— (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 , LSCO— (La, Sr) CoO 3 , BLT, BIT— (Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 , BSO—Bi 2 SiO 5, etc. Metal can be used.
- PZT barium titanate
- SBT barium titanate
- BLT barium titanate
- silane compounds that are organosilicon compounds, silicone compounds, so-called organic modified silica compounds, organic polymer insulating films, arylene ether-based polymers, benzocyclobutene, fluorinated polymer parylene N, or F, fluorinated amorphous carbon, etc.
- Various low dielectric materials can also be used.
- FIG. 3 shows a mechanism for removing contaminants from the positively charged substrate surface.
- Contaminants accumulate on the substrate surface and are photooxidized by the action of electromagnetic waves such as sunlight.
- the photo-oxidation reaction means that hydroxyl radical (.OH) or singlet oxygen (1O2) is generated from moisture (H2O) or oxygen (O2) on the surface of an organic or inorganic substance by the action of electromagnetic waves including sunlight.
- hydroxyl radical (.OH) or singlet oxygen (1O2) is generated from moisture (H2O) or oxygen (O2) on the surface of an organic or inorganic substance by the action of electromagnetic waves including sunlight.
- e ⁇ electrons
- Due to this oxidation the molecular structure of the organic substance is changed, and a discoloration or embrittlement phenomenon called deterioration is observed, and rust is generated in the inorganic substance, particularly metal.
- These “oxidized” organic or inorganic surfaces are positively charged by the extraction of electrons (e ⁇ ). Thus, a positive charge is also given to the contaminant (FIG. 3 (2)).
- Contaminants are easily removed from the substrate by physical action such as wind and rain (FIG. 3 (4)). Thereby, the substrate is self-cleaned.
- Examples of the negatively charged substance include an anion; a negatively charged conductor or dielectric; a composite of a negatively charged conductor and dielectric or semiconductor; a substance having a photocatalytic function, or a mixture thereof. It is done.
- the anion is not particularly limited, but halide ions such as fluoride ion, chloride ion and iodide ion; inorganic ions such as hydroxide ion, sulfate ion, nitrate ion and carbonate ion An organic ion such as acetate ion.
- the valence of ions is not particularly limited, and for example, a monovalent to tetravalent anion can be used.
- Examples of the conductor or dielectric having a negative charge include conductors or dielectrics in which a negative charge is generated other than the above anions, for example, metals such as gold, silver and platinum; graphite, sulfur, Elements such as selenium and tellurium; sulfides such as arsenic sulfide, antimony sulfide, mercury sulfide; clay, glass powder, quartz powder, asbestos, starch, cotton, silk, wool, etc .; conch, indigo, aniline blue, eosin, naphthol yellow And dye colloids. Among these, colloids of metals such as gold, silver and platinum are preferable, and silver colloids are more preferable.
- the negative electrode of the battery made of the various conductors described above, and dielectrics such as negatively charged Teflon (registered trademark), vinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polyester can be used.
- a substance having a photocatalytic function a substance containing a specific metal compound and having a function of oxidizing and decomposing organic and / or inorganic compounds on the surface of the layer by photoexcitation can be used.
- the principle of photocatalyst by photoexcitation specific metal compounds, from the water or oxygen in the air OH - or O 2 - radical species is generated in, that the radical species oxidize reductive decomposition of organic and / or inorganic compound It is generally understood that there is.
- the metal compound examples include typical titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), ZnO, SrTiOP 3 , CdS, CdO, CaP, InP, In 2 O 3 , CaAs, BaTiO 3 , K 2 NbO 3 , Fe 2 O 3. , Ta 2 O 5 , WO 3 , NiO, Cu 2 O, SiC, SiO 2 , MoS 3 , InSb, RuO 2 , CeO 2 and the like are known.
- the substance having a photocatalytic function may contain a metal (Ag, Pt) that improves the photocatalytic performance.
- various substances such as a metal salt, can be included in a range that does not deactivate the photocatalytic function.
- the metal salt include metal salts such as aluminum, tin, chromium, nickel, antimony, iron, silver, cesium, indium, cerium, selenium, copper, manganese, calcium, platinum, tungsten, zirconium, and zinc.
- hydroxides or oxides can be used for some metals or nonmetals.
- Various metals such as cerium, selenium tetrachloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, calcium chloride, platinum chloride, tungsten tetrachloride, tungsten oxychloride, potassium tungstate, gold chloride, zirconium oxychloride, zinc chloride
- Examples of compounds other than metal salts include indium hydroxide, silicotungstic acid, silica sol, and calcium hydroxide.
- the substance having the photocatalytic function adsorbs OH ⁇ (hydroxylated radical) and O 2 ⁇ (oxygenated radical) from physically adsorbed water or oxygen on the surface of the substance, and the surface has an anion.
- OH ⁇ hydroxylated radical
- O 2 ⁇ oxygenated radical
- photocatalytic activity is reduced or lost in accordance with the concentration ratio.
- a substance having a photocatalytic function does not need to oxidatively decompose a pollutant, and therefore can be used as a negatively charged substance.
- the negatively charged substrate surface is electrostatically repelled by the negatively charged contaminant as in the case of the positively charged substrate shown in FIG. 3, the contaminant is transferred to the substrate surface. Can be avoided.
- pollutants such as pollen that have both positive and negative charges can be adhered to these substrates by blending both the positively charged substance and the negatively charged substance in the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent of the present invention. It can be avoided or reduced.
- contamination attracting substances having a negative charge or an amphoteric charge such as yellow sand, carillon clay fine powder, algae, pollen, chloride ions in tap water, etc. Repulsively, preventing adhesion to the substrate surface. Therefore, it is possible to prevent changes in the substrate surface characteristics due to the adhesion of such impurities and to keep the substrate surface clean.
- the amount of positive charge and the amount of negative charge are balanced on the surface of the substrate.
- the charged voltage on the surface of the substrate is preferably in the range of ⁇ 50V to 50V. is there.
- a pollutant made of an insulator eg, silicone oil having a relatively small amount of positive or negative charge, depending on the type of the substance, if there is only a strong positive or negative charge on the substrate surface, the pollutant As a result, the surface charge of the substrate may be reversed, and as a result, the contaminant may be adsorbed on the surface of the substrate, so that both the positive charge substance and the negative charge substance coexist to avoid or reduce such adsorption. By doing so, a decrease in transmittance can be prevented.
- an insulator eg, silicone oil
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing one embodiment for imparting both a positive charge and a negative charge to a layer on the surface of a substrate, and a dielectric or semiconductor-conductor having a negative charge-dielectric or semiconductor-positive charge. This is an example in which a combination of conductors is used as a layer. As the conductor having a negative charge and the conductor having a positive charge shown in FIG. 4, those described above can be used.
- the dielectric or semiconductor adjacent to the negatively charged conductor is dielectrically polarized due to the influence of the surface charge state of the conductor.
- a positive charge is generated in the dielectric or semiconductor on the side adjacent to the conductor having a negative charge
- a negative charge is generated on the side adjacent to the conductor having a positive charge. Due to these actions, the surface of the dielectric or semiconductor-conductor-dielectric or semiconductor-conductor combination shown in FIG. 4 is positively charged or negatively charged.
- the size of the composite of the conductor and dielectric or semiconductor (referring to the length of the longest axis passing through the composite) is 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm. To 100 nm. *
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing another mode in which a positive charge and a negative charge are imparted to the layer. *
- a conductor having a negative charge and a conductor having a positive charge are adjacent to each other, and the positive charge and the negative charge are reduced due to contact disappearance or the like.
- the conductor having a negative charge and the conductor having a positive charge those already described can be used.
- FIG. 6 shows a mechanism for removing contaminants from the surface of a layer having a positive charge and a negative charge.
- a negative charge selected from an anion; a negatively charged conductor or dielectric; a composite of a negatively charged conductor and a dielectric or semiconductor; a substance having a photocatalytic function; or a mixture thereof
- Contaminants accumulate on the layer surface and are photooxidized by the action of electromagnetic waves such as sunlight. Thus, a positive charge is also given to the contaminant (FIG. 6 (2)).
- Contaminants are easily removed from the layer by physical action such as wind and rain (Fig. 6 (4)). Thereby, the substrate is self-cleaned.
- the transmitted visible light amount increasing agent may contain various metals (Ag, Pt). Moreover, various substances, such as a metal salt, can be included in the range which does not deactivate a function.
- the metal salt include metal salts such as aluminum, tin, chromium, nickel, antimony, iron, silver, cesium, indium, cerium, selenium, copper, manganese, calcium, platinum, tungsten, zirconium, and zinc.
- hydroxides or oxides can be used for some metals or nonmetals.
- Various metals such as cerium, selenium tetrachloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, calcium chloride, platinum chloride, tungsten tetrachloride, tungsten oxychloride, potassium tungstate, gold chloride, zirconium oxychloride, zinc chloride
- Examples of compounds other than metal salts include indium hydroxide, silicotungstic acid, silica sol, and calcium hydroxide.
- an intermediate layer may exist between the layer containing the organosilicon compound and the inorganic silicon compound and the substrate surface.
- the intermediate layer can be made of, for example, various organic or inorganic substances that can impart hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity or water repellency or oil repellency to the substrate.
- the substrate obtained according to the present invention can be used in any field, and is particularly effective as a component of equipment that requires improved light transmission and reduced reflectance.
- face glass of photovoltaic cells such as solar cells, silicon cells as power generation elements, liquid crystal displays, plasma displays, organic EL displays, face glasses of various displays such as cathode ray tube televisions; optical elements such as lenses; architectural members such as window glass And can be used for various photoreceptors, light emitters, projectors, polarizing glass, optical glass, and the like.
- a photovoltaic cell such as a solar cell used outdoors or on the surface of a power generator cell, it can contribute to the improvement of power generation efficiency due to its high light transmittance.
- the substrate is surface-treated with a transmitted visible light amount increasing agent containing a positively charged substance, a negatively charged substance, or a mixture thereof, coupled with the effect of preventing the formation of water droplets by hydrophilization of the substrate surface, Since the adhesion of contaminants is avoided or reduced over a long period of time due to electric repulsion, the high light transmittance of the substrate can be maintained over time.
- a photovoltaic cell using the substrate as a face glass has a high outdoor performance. Efficient power generation can be performed continuously.
- Evaluation liquid 2 Silica sol liquid WM-12 (Tama Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), tin and copper doped titania aqueous dispersion: SnZ18-1000A (Sustainable Technology Co., Ltd.), and iron doped titania aqueous dispersion prepared by the following methods, Adjusted to 0.6% by weight with pure water and mixed at a weight ratio of 8: 1: 1. To this mixture, 2% by weight of commercially available white sucrose and organosilicon surfactant: ZB (sustainable) ⁇ Technology Co., Ltd.) was added at 20% by weight to obtain Evaluation Solution 2.
- ZB sustainable) ⁇ Technology Co., Ltd.
- the precipitate is continuously washed with pure water so that the conductivity in the supernatant is 0.8 mS / m or less, and when the conductivity is 0.744 mS / m, the washing is terminated.
- 420 g of a hydroxide-containing liquid was produced.
- 25 g of 35% hydrogen peroxide (manufactured by Taiki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added while the hydroxide-containing liquid was cooled to 1 to 5 ° C. and stirred for 16 hours, and dark yellow-brown transparent iron was doped.
- 440 g of a dispersion of 0.44% by weight of amorphous titanium peroxide was obtained. This was concentrated with an ultrafiltration concentrator to prepare 220 g of the dispersion having a concentration of 0.85% by weight.
- evaluation liquid 5 An evaluation solution 5 was prepared by adding 10% by weight of an anatase-type titania aqueous dispersion: STi-560B (Sustainable Technology Co., Ltd.) to the evaluation solution 4.
- Comparative solution 1 Silica sol solution WM-12 (Tama Chemical Co., Ltd.) was adjusted to 0.6% by weight with pure water, and 2% by weight of commercially available white sugar was added thereto as Comparative Solution 1.
- evaluation liquids 1 to 5 and the comparative liquid 1 were applied by spray coating at a rate of 20 g / m 2 and naturally dried.
- the substrates were baked at 580 ° C. for 30 minutes (high temperature heat treatment) to obtain evaluation substrates 1 to 5 and comparative substrate 1.
- An untreated glass substrate was used as a control.
- the light transmittance of the evaluation substrates 1 to 5 and the comparison substrate 1 is significantly improved as compared with the control.
- the sum of visible light transmittance (A), visible light reflectance (B), and visible light absorption rate of the substrate should be 100 (%) or less.
- the sum of visible light transmittance (A), visible light reflectance (B) and substrate visible light absorptivity exceeds 100 (%), and the amount of light transmitted through the substrate increases in the visible light wavelength region.
- the amount of transmitted light was as follows: Evaluation board 2> Evaluation board 1> Evaluation board 3> Evaluation board 5> Evaluation board 4> Comparative board 1.
- Evaluation liquids 6 to 10 and comparative liquid 2 Evaluation solutions 6 to 10 and Comparative solution 2 were prepared in the same manner as Evaluation solutions 1 to 5 and Comparative solution 1 except that commercially available white saccharose, which is a thermally decomposable organic substance, was not added.
- evaluation liquids 6 to 10 and the comparative liquid 2 are applied in the same manner as in the production of the evaluation substrate in evaluation 1, heated at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes, dried, washed with pure water, and further dried (non-heat treatment). Evaluation substrates 6 to 10 and comparative substrate 2 were obtained. An untreated glass substrate was used as a control.
Abstract
Description
換言すれば、光透過性基体の透過光量=光透過性基体への入射光量-透過性基体の反射光量の式が成立する。
まず、四塩化チタン等の四価チタンの化合物とアンモニア等の塩基とを反応させて、水酸化チタンを形成する。次に、この水酸化チタンを酸化剤でペルオキソ化し、超微細粒子のアモルファス型過酸化チタンを形成する。この反応は好ましくは水性媒体中で行なわれる。さらに、任意に加熱処理することによりアナターゼ型過酸化チタンに転移させることも可能である。上記の各工程のいずれかにおいて金、銀、白金、銅、ジルコニウム、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、錫、鉄、亜鉛、ゲルマニウム、ハフニウム、イットリウム、ランタン、セリウム、パラジウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、カルシウム、及び、タンタルから又はそれらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。
四塩化チタン等の四価チタンの化合物を酸化剤でペルオキソ化し、これとアンモニア等の塩基とを反応させて超微細粒子のアモルファス型過酸化チタンを形成する。この反応は好ましくは水性媒体中で行なわれる。さらに、任意に加熱処埋することによりアナターゼ型過酸化チタンに転移させることも可能である。上記の各工程のいずれかにおいて金、銀、白金、銅、ジルコニウム、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、錫、鉄、亜鉛、ゲルマニウム、ハフニウム、イットリウム、ランタン、セリウム、パラジウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、カルシウム、及び、タンタルから又はそれらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。
四塩化チタン等の四価チタンの化合物を、酸化剤及び塩基と同時に反応させて、水酸化チタン形成とそのペルオキソ化とを同時に行い、超微細粒子のアモルファス型過酸化チタンを形成する。この反応は好ましくは水性媒体中で行なわれる。さらに、任意に加熱処埋することによりアナターゼ型過酸化チタンに転移させることも可能である。上記の各工程のいずれかにおいて金、銀、白金、銅、ジルコニウム、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、錫、鉄、亜鉛、ゲルマニウム、ハフニウム、イットリウム、ランタン、セリウム、パラジウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、カルシウム、及び、タンタルから又はそれらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。
チタンアルコキシドに、水、アルコール等の溶媒、酸又は塩基触媒を混合撹拌し、チタンアルコキシドを加水分解させ、超微粒子のチタン過酸化物のゾル溶液を生成する。この加水分解の前後のいずれかに、金、銀、白金、銅、ジルコニウム、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、錫、鉄、亜鉛、ゲルマニウム、ハフニウム、イットリウム、ランタン、セリウム、パラジウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、カルシウム、及び、タンタルから又はそれらの化合物の少なくとも1つが混合される。なお、このようにして得られるチタン過酸化物は、ペルオキソ基を有するアモルファス型である。
金属ドープチタン過酸化物の製造に使用する四価チタンの化合物としては、塩基と反応させた際に、オルトチタン酸(H4TiO4)とも呼称される水酸化チタンを形成できるものであれば各種のチタン化合物が使用でき、例えば四塩化チタン、硫酸チタン、硝酸チタン、燐酸チタン等のチタンの水溶性無機酸塩がある。それ以外にも蓚酸チタン等のチタンの水溶性有機酸塩も使用できる。なお、これらの各種チタン化合物の中では、水溶性に特に優れ、かつ金属ドープ過酸化チタンの分散液中にチタン以外の成分が残留しない点で、四塩化チタンが好ましい。
上記四価チタンの化合物と反応させる塩基は、四価チタンの化合物と反応して水酸化チタンを形成できるものであれば、各種のものが使用可能であり、それにはアンモニア、苛性ソーダ、炭酸ソーダ、苛性カリ等が例示できるが、アンモニアが好ましい。
具体的には、塩基溶液の濃度は、10~0.01重量%が好ましく、1.0~0.1重量%がより好ましい。特に、塩基溶液としてアンモニア水を使用した場合のアンモニアの濃度は、10~0.01重量%が好ましく、1.0~0.1重量%がより好ましい。
金、銀、白金、銅、ジルコニウム、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、錫、鉄、亜鉛、ゲルマニウム、ハフニウム、イットリウム、ランタン、セリウム、パラジウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、カルシウム、及び、タンタルからの化合物としては、それぞれ以下のものが例示できる。
Au化合物:AuCl、AuCl3、AuOH、Au(OH)2、Au2O、Au2O3
Ag化合物:AgNO3、AgF、AgClO3、AgOH、Ag(NH3)OH、Ag2SO4
Pt化合物:PtCl2、PtO、Pt(NH3)Cl2、PtO2、PtCl4、〔Pt(OH)6〕2 -
Ni化合物:Ni(OH)2、NiCl2
Co化合物:Co(OH)NO3、Co(OH)2、CoSO4、CoCl2
Cu化合物:Cu(OH)2、Cu(NO3)2、CuSO4、CuCl2、Cu(CH3COO)2
Zr化合物:Zr(OH)3、ZrCl2、ZrCl4
Mn化合物:MnNO3、MnSO4、MnCl2
Sn化合物:SnCl2、SnCl4、[Sn(OH)]+
Fe化合物:Fe(OH)2、Fe(OH)3、FeCl3
Zn化合物:Zn(NO3)2、ZnSO4、ZnCl2
Ge化合物:GeO、Ge(OH)2、GeCl2、GeH4、GeFe、GeCl4
Hf化合物:HfCl2、HfO2、Hf(OH)3 +、HfCl4
Y 化合物:Y2O3、Y(OH)3、YCl3
La化合物:La2O3、LaCl3、La(OH)3
Ce化合物:CeO3、Ce(OH)3、CeCl3
Pd化合物:〔Pd(H2O)4〕2+、PdCl2、PdO2
V 化合物:VCl2、VCl4、VOSO4
Nb化合物:NbO2、NbF4、NbCl4
Ca化合物:Ca(OH)2、CaCl2、CaSO4
Ta化合物:TaF3、TaCl3、TaCl4、TaO2
これにより、基体はセルフクリーニングされる。
(評価液1)
シリカゾル液WM-12(多摩化学工業(株))、銅及びジルコニウムドープチタニア水分散液:Z18-1000SuperA(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))、並びに、銀ドープチタニア水分散液SP-2(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を、各々0.6重量%に純水で調整の上、8:1:1の重量比で混合し、この混合物に、市販の上白糖を2重量%と、有機ケイ素界面活性剤:Z-B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を20重量%添加して評価液1とした。
シリカゾル液WM-12(多摩化学工業(株))、錫及び銅ドープチタニア水分散液:SnZ18-1000A(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))、下記の方法により調製した鉄ドープチタニア水分散液を、各々0.6重量%に純水で調整の上、8:1:1の重量比で混合し、この混合物に、市販の上白糖を2重量%と、有機ケイ素界面活性剤:Z-B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を20重量%添加して評価液2とした。
純水500mlにFeCl3・6H2O、0.712gを完全に溶かした溶液に、さらに50%四塩化チタン溶液(住友シチックス(株)製)10gを添加し、純水を加え1000mlにした溶液を準備する。これに25%アンモニア水(高杉製薬(株)製)を10倍希釈したアンモニア水を滴下してpH7.0に調整して水酸化鉄と水酸化チタンとの混合物を沈殿させた。この沈殿物を純水で上澄み液中の導電率が0.8mS/m以下になるよう洗浄を継続し、導電率が0.744mS/mになったところで洗浄を終了すると、0.47wt%濃度の水酸化物の含有液が420g作製された。次いで、この水酸化物含有液を1~5℃に冷却しながら35%過酸化水素(タイキ薬品工業(株)製)を25g添加し16時間撹拌すると濃黄褐色の透明な鉄がドープされた0.44重量%のアモルファス型過酸化チタンの分散液440gが得られた。これを限外ろ過濃縮装置で濃縮し、濃度を0.85重量%とした前記分散液を220g調製した。
シリカゾル液WM-12(多摩化学工業(株))、及び、銅及ジルコニウムドープチタニア水分散液:Z18-1000SuperA(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を、各々0.6重量%に純水で調整の上、9:1の重量比で混合し、この混合物に、市販の上白糖を2重量%と、有機ケイ素界面活性剤:Z-B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を20重量%添加して評価液3とした。
シリカゾル液WM-12(多摩化学工業(株))を0.6重量%に純水で調整し、これに市販白糖を2重量%と有機ケイ素界面活性剤:Z-B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を20重量%添加して評価液4とした。
評価液4に、アナターゼ型チタニア水分散液:STi-560B(サスティナブル・テクノロジー(株))を10重量%添加して、評価液5とした。
シリカゾル液WM-12(多摩化学工業(株))を0.6重量%に純水で調整し、これに市販白糖を2重量%添加して比較液1とした。
市販透明フロートガラス(厚さ3mm)を50mm×50mmのサイズの各ガラス基板に、評価液1~5及び比較液1を、スプレーコーティングで20g/m2の割合で塗布し、自然乾燥した後、580℃で30分焼成(高温加熱処理)して、評価基板1~5及び比較基板1とした。
また、未処理のガラス基板を対照とした。
評価基板1~5、比較基板1及び対照のそれぞれについて、紫外線・可視光光度計V-550DS(日本分光(株))を用いて、以下の条件で可視光線の透過率及び反射率を測定した。測光モード:%T、%R、レスポンス:Medium、走査速度100nm/分、開始波長780nm、終了波長380nm、データ取込間隔1.0nm。結果を表1に示す。
(評価液6~10、及び、比較液2)
熱分解性有機物である市販の上白糖を添加しない以外は評価液1~5及び比較液1と同様に調製したものを評価液6~10及び比較液2とした。
評価液6~10及び比較液2を評価1における評価基板の作製と同様の方法で塗布し80℃で15分加熱し、乾燥後、純水で洗浄し、更に乾燥(非加熱処理)させて評価基板6~10及び比較基板2とした。また、未処理ガラス基板を対照とした。
評価1における評価方法と同様にして、評価基板6~10、比較基板2及び対照のそれぞれについて、可視光線の透過率及び反射率を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (17)
- 有機ケイ素化合物及び無機ケイ素化合物を含む光透過性基体の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 更に、酸化チタンを含む請求項1記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 前記酸化チタンが金属ドープ酸化チタンである、請求項2記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 前記酸化チタンが、過酸化チタンである請求項2又は3記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 更に、熱分解性有機化合物を含む請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 前記熱分解性有機化合物が糖又は糖アルコールである、請求項5記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 前記糖が、単糖類及び二糖類からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項6記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 前記熱分解性有機化合物が水溶性有機高分子である、請求項5記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 更に(1)陽イオン;(2)正電荷を有する導電体又は誘電体;並びに(3)正電荷を有する導電体、及び、誘電体又は半導体、の複合体からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上の、正電荷物質を含有する、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 更に(4)陰イオン;(5)負電荷を有する導電体又は誘電体;(6)負電荷を有する導電体、及び、誘電体又は半導体、の複合体;(7)光触媒機能を有する物質からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上の、負電荷物質を含有する、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 更に(1)陽イオン;(2)正電荷を有する導電体又は誘電体;並びに(3)正電荷を有する導電体、及び、誘電体又は半導体、の複合体からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上の、正電荷物質及び(4)陰イオン;(5)負電荷を有する導電体又は誘電体;(6)負電荷を有する導電体、及び、誘電体又は半導体、の複合体;(7)光触媒機能を有する物質からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上の、負電荷物質を含有する、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の透過可視光量増加剤。
- 請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の透過可視光量増加剤を光透過性基体に塗布し、加熱処理又は非加熱処理を行うことを特徴とする、高光透過性基体の製造方法。
- 前記基体の少なくとも一部が樹脂、金属又はガラス製である、請求項12記載の高光透過性基体の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理を400℃以上の温度で行う、請求項12又は13記載の高光透過性基体の製造方法。
- 請求項12乃至14のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られた高光透過性基体。
- 請求項15記載の高光透過性基体を備える光学部材又は光学素子。
- 有機ケイ素化合物及び無機ケイ素化合物を含む層を光透過性基体表面に形成することを特徴とする、光透過性基体の透過可視光量増加方法。
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KR20117027086A KR20120024606A (ko) | 2009-05-01 | 2009-05-01 | 광투과성 기체의 투과 가시광량 증가제 및 그것을 이용한 고광투과성 기체의 제조 방법 |
EP20090844033 EP2426519A1 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2009-05-01 | Agent for increasing amount of visible light transmitted by light-transmitting base and process for producing highly light-transmitting base with the same |
PCT/JP2009/058575 WO2010125690A1 (ja) | 2009-05-01 | 2009-05-01 | 光透過性基体の透過可視光量増加剤及びそれを用いた高光透過性基体の製造方法 |
JP2011511248A JPWO2010125690A1 (ja) | 2009-05-01 | 2009-05-01 | 光透過性基体の透過可視光量増加剤及びそれを用いた高光透過性基体の製造方法 |
CN2009801592973A CN102422183A (zh) | 2009-05-01 | 2009-05-01 | 透光性基体的可见光透过量增加剂和使用了该增加剂的高透光性基体的制造方法 |
US13/285,633 US20120070675A1 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2011-10-31 | Agent for increasing amount of visible light transmitted through light-transmissive substrate and process for producing highly light-transmissive substrate with the same |
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Cited By (2)
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WO2013073320A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 可視光応答型酸化チタン微粒子分散液、その製造方法及び該分散液を用いて形成される光触媒薄膜を表面に有する部材 |
KR102657977B1 (ko) | 2023-05-08 | 2024-04-17 | (주)그린광학 | 황화아연 광학 소재 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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JP6237780B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-16 | 2017-11-29 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 酸化チタン・酸化タングステン複合光触媒微粒子分散液、その製造方法、及び光触媒薄膜を表面に有する部材 |
US10725207B2 (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2020-07-28 | Young Optics Inc. | Optical apparatus having organic-inorganic composite material |
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US20120070675A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
JPWO2010125690A1 (ja) | 2012-10-25 |
EP2426519A1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
KR20120024606A (ko) | 2012-03-14 |
CN102422183A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
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