TWI490123B - 絕熱疊層體以及具有該絕熱疊層體之透明絕熱薄膜 - Google Patents
絕熱疊層體以及具有該絕熱疊層體之透明絕熱薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI490123B TWI490123B TW101124048A TW101124048A TWI490123B TW I490123 B TWI490123 B TW I490123B TW 101124048 A TW101124048 A TW 101124048A TW 101124048 A TW101124048 A TW 101124048A TW I490123 B TWI490123 B TW I490123B
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- heat insulating
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Description
本發明關於在建築物以及汽車的窗玻璃上貼合,在保持對可視光的透明性的同時,又可以帶來絕熱效果的絕熱疊層體。
為了在寒冷時對從窗的熱損失進行防止的同時,在溫暖時對從窗來的熱的侵入進行防止,並且為了對視界進行確保,將多層玻璃,熱線反射薄膜,透明絕熱薄膜用於建築物,車輛等的玻璃窗。為了節能而貼附於窗玻璃的透明絕熱薄膜已經商品化。但是,現狀是市售的透明絕熱薄膜還沒有達到用於寬敞的住宅,大樓,汽車等。
本來,透明性和絕熱性能是兩個相反的特性,所以,實際狀況,是不可能有即保持必要的透明性即可視光透過率,又具有充分的絕熱性能的窗用透明絕熱薄膜。例如可以在汽車的窗上使用的市售的透明絕熱薄膜,如確保可視光透過率為70%以上,絕熱性能即使最高,太陽輻射屏蔽系數也就是0.7以上。如重視絕熱性能,將太陽輻射屏蔽系數壓在0.6附近的製品的可視光透過率達不到70%。
另外,所謂太陽輻射屏蔽系數,為表示對日照的屏蔽效果的指標。如將3mm厚的透明玻璃的太陽輻射屏蔽系數作為1,6mm厚透明玻璃在貼附薄膜的場合,進入室內的太陽照射量的比例就被稱為薄膜的太陽輻射屏蔽系數。
透明絕熱薄膜以外也有絕熱疊層體,對此已有很多的建議。在專利
文獻1中,公開了一種其基本構造為具有氧化鈦層/銀層/氧化鈦層3層構造的透明絕熱疊層體。在專利文獻2中,公開了一種在銀層的前後設置鎳層,使銀層變薄,提高了透明層的構造。進一步,專利文獻3中,公開了2層的銀層被電介體氧化銦層挾持的氧化銦層/銀層/氧化銦層/銀層/氧化銦層的5層構造的透明絕熱疊層體。專利文獻4中,提示了作為光補賞層,代替以往的透明電介體層,使用從氧化銦錫(ITO)等的金屬氧化物形成的透明導電層的透明絕熱疊層體。
【專利文獻1】美國專利第4337990號說明書
【專利文獻2】美國專利第3682528號說明書
【專利文獻3】日本專利第2901676號公報
【專利文獻4】日本特開2006-334787號公報
所述的以往的透明絕熱薄膜,或者絕熱疊層體,沒有能在必要的透明性被確保的同時,又得到由於所期望的由絕熱效果而得來的節能。本發明,兼備高的絕熱性和可視光透過率,被賦予防污性,耐傷性優良的絕熱疊層體。
本發明的目的可以以下來達成:
1.一種絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:包括光觸媒層,2枚的透明基板之間挾有纖維集合體以及由無機粒子形成的復合材料的透明絕熱層以及粘著材料層,所述光觸媒層為絕熱疊層體的一個面的最外層,所述粘著材料層為另一個面的最外層。
2.上述1所述的絕熱疊層體,在所述光觸媒層和所述透明絕熱層之間以及在所述透明絕熱層和所述粘著材料層之間,至少一方具有硬
塗布層。
3.上述1或者2的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述透明基板包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛。
4.上述1或者2所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述纖維集合體的纖維徑最大為700nm。
5.上述1或者2所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述纖維集合體,是由用電場紡絲法紡絲而形成的連續或者非連續的石英纖維形成的。
6.上述1或者2所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述無機粒子為矽膠中空粒子。
7.上述1或者2所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述光觸媒層是用含有光觸媒粒子和水溶性粘合劑的塗布液塗布而形成的。
8.上述7所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述光觸媒粒子為,在具有n型半導體性的金屬氧化物的結晶微粒子上,承載從由釩,錳,鐵,鈷,鎳,銅,鋅,鈮,鉬,釕,銠,銀,錫,鎢,鉑,金形成的群選出的金屬,金屬的氧化物,或者/以及金屬的化合物的光觸媒粒子。
9.上述7所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述水溶性粘合劑含有水解性矽化合物,在水,鹼性化合物以及極性溶媒的混合溶劑中水解了的化合物。
10.上述1或者2記載的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述粘著材料層是由矽酮類粘著材料形成的。
11.上述2所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述硬塗布層是由矽酮類硬塗布材料形成的。
12.上述11所述的絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:所述矽酮類硬塗布材料為光固化性矽酮類硬塗布材料
13.一種絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:上述1至12的任一項所述的絕熱疊層體的全光透過率為60%以上。
14.一種透明絕熱薄膜,其特徵在於:具有上述1至13的任一項所述的絕熱疊層體。
本發明的絕熱疊層體為,在全光透過率高的同時,絕熱性也優良。由于另外最外層具有光觸媒層,防污性也優良。另一個最外層設置粘著材料層,以便在窗等上容易貼附。進一步由于具有硬塗布層的構造,由此可以得到表面不易受傷的絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜。
另外,所謂全光線,為包括可視光的波長領域。本發明的絕熱疊層體的全光透過率高,意味著可視光線的透明性優良。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
1‧‧‧透明基板
2‧‧‧纖維集合體
3‧‧‧無機粒子
4‧‧‧光觸媒層
5‧‧‧粘著材料層
6‧‧‧硬塗布層
10‧‧‧透明絕熱層
【圖1】
適用本發明的絕熱疊層體的一例的示意截面圖。
【圖2】
適用本發明的絕熱疊層體的另一例的示意截面圖。
【圖3】
適用本發明的絕熱疊層體的另一個例子的示意截面圖。
【圖4】
適用本發明的絕熱疊層體的另一個例子的示意截面圖。
以下,對本發明的絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜,邊列舉實施方式邊進行詳細說明。但是,這些實施方式,僅為本發明的適宜的適用例,並不對本發明進行限定。另外,該說明書中所謂“樹脂”,指高分子化合
物。
本發明的第1實施方式的圖1中,表示了透明絕熱層10的一個面上疊層有光觸媒層4,另一個面上,為粘著材料層5疊層的絕熱疊層體。透明絕熱層10為在2枚的透明基板1.1之間挾持有由纖維集合體2以及無機粒子3形成的復合材料而成。
本發明的第2個實施方式的圖2中,表示了在透明絕熱層10的兩面有硬塗布層6.6疊層,進一步在其最外面疊層有光觸媒層4,另一個的最外面疊層有粘著材料層5的疊層絕熱疊層體。
本發明的第3的實施方式圖3中,表示了在透明絕熱層1的一個面上有硬塗布層6疊層,進一步其最表面有光觸媒層4疊層,在透明絕熱層1的另一個面有粘著材料層5疊層的絕熱疊層體。
在本發明的第4實施方式的圖4中,表示了在透明絕熱層1的一個面上有硬塗布層6疊層,進一步其最表面有粘著材料層5疊層,透明絕熱層1的另一個面有光觸媒層4疊層的絕熱疊層體。
透明基板,對可視光(波長400~700nm)透明,可以耐受疊層的層的形成時的條件(溶媒,溫度等),較佳為尺寸安定性優良之物。較佳的透明基板,可以為聚烯,丙烯酸樹脂(含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯),聚酯樹脂(含有聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯),聚碳酸酯樹脂,聚酰亞胺樹脂,乙烯-乙酸乙烯基酯共聚合體(EVA),聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB),離子鍵聚合物樹脂等。從透明性,耐久性等的觀點,特別是聚乙烯基縮丁醛(PVB)為特佳。作為光學用途的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)可以使用公知之物。
透明基板的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛(PVB)的基板,對製膜方法沒有限定,以溶液刮刀塗布法為佳。用溶液刮刀塗布法將含有聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂的低粘度流體覆蓋在PET薄膜等的基板上,在例如100℃
烤箱中進行加熱而進行薄膜狀成形。低粘度流體由聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂和有機溶劑形成。有機溶劑,可以例舉氯化溶媒(二氯甲烷以及1,2-二氯乙烷),醇(甲醇,乙醇,n-丙醇,異丙醇,n-丁醇,異丁醇,異戊醇),酮(丙酮,甲乙酮,甲基異丁基酮以及環己酮,二丙酮醇),酯(乙酸甲酯,乙酸乙酯,乙酸n-丙酯,乙酸異丙酯,乙酸異丁基酯以及乙酸n-丁基酯),芳香族化合物(甲苯以及二甲苯)以及醚(1,3-二氧戊環以及四氫呋喃)。聚乙烯基醇丁醛溶液與所述的溶媒進行混合調製即可。在聚乙烯醇縮丁醛形成中較佳的一次溶媒,可以例舉甲乙酮,二氯甲烷,乙酸乙酯以及甲苯。
聚乙烯醇縮丁醛的基板的厚度,可以根據目的進行任意選擇,作為絕熱疊層體,或者透明絕熱薄膜用途時,以150μm以上為佳。更佳為200μm以上。進一步在絕熱疊層體的剛性由要求的使用方式中以250μm以上為佳。另外,絕熱疊層體,或者透明絕熱薄膜,比其他的層(硬塗布層,光觸媒層,粘著材料層)的任一個層都厚。
透明絕熱層中的纖維集合體的纖維徑以700nm以下為佳。更佳為500nm以下,進一步較佳為400nm以下。如比700nm大,得到的透明絕熱層變為不透明,有全光透過率變低的可能。纖維集合體的纖維長,從如過小,補強效果差的觀點,較佳為5μm以上。沒有特別的上限。
纖維集合體,可以採用各種的無紡布,或者紡織布。材料質,可以為石英纖維,玻璃纖維,或者可以確保透明性的聚丙烯酸酯纖維,聚苯乙烯纖維等,以石英纖維為較佳。
作為石英纖維的紡絲方法,沒有特別的限制,可以使用電場紡絲法,蒸汽噴射法,APEX(註冊商標)技術(Polymer Group.Inc.)法等,這些之中,電場紡絲法可以得到均一的纖維,所以較佳。
電場紡絲法,作為用電力的纖維化方法是公知的。目標基板和噴口之間,以直流電源在原料側為正,在目標側為負施加直流電壓,由此向著目標將原料材料放出,在目標上形成纖維的堆疊層。將原料從石墨等的導電性材料形成的噴口以一定速度運送,在火炎的中先端先溶融,軟化。該噴口和不銹鋼材料等的金屬目標基板之間施加1kV~50kV的高壓直流電壓。從溶融的噴口先端以直徑1μm以下的納米纖維通過靜電力堆積在金屬目標基板上,納米纖維的外徑可以通過玻璃材料的運送速度,火炎溫度,施加電壓等的調整來進行控制。金屬目標基板為圓筒狀一邊回轉,一邊以在回轉軸方向上進行往復移動的方法或者,在XY臺子上進行二維移動,從而使形成的纖維以平面狀進行堆積,形成纖維集合體的堆疊層(石英纖維層)。纖維集合體堆積中或者其後,進行槳紗材料塗布,來維持強度。另外,可以通過添加粘合劑來進行強化,通過該過程,纖維徑為數十~數百納米程度的均一形成的纖維堆疊層(石英纖維層)在為目標基板上形成。
為了用靜電紡絲得到玻璃纖維,將由直徑為0.1~2mm的玻璃柱或者玻璃纖維形成的玻璃材料的先端從變為電極的噴口送出,被加熱裝置溶融,軟化,在該噴口和目標基板之間施加高電壓,用靜電力使玻璃絲在基板上堆積。由此,形成石英纖維的無紡布。
作為該玻璃纖維的材料,可以例舉電氣用的低鹼玻璃的E玻璃,低電介率玻璃的D玻璃等的配線基板用的玻璃以及石英玻璃。從光學的特性等的觀點,以石英玻璃較佳。
纖維集合體,特別是在石英纖維,玻璃纖維中混合的無機粒子,以矽膠中空粒子適宜。矽膠中空粒子的製造方法沒有限定,以以下的方法較佳。
在75容量%以上的水中,將膠體狀碳酸鈣,烷氧矽,以及鹼觸媒投入混合,在膠體狀碳酸鈣表面,由烷氧矽的加水分解反應生成的矽膠析出。其後,用酸處理,使矽膠層內部的碳酸鈣溶解。其結果,可以製造具有約10nm至約3
00nm的範圍的外徑的矽膠中空粒子。
無機粒子的外徑為,以約10nm至約300nm的範圍為適宜。外徑太小,製造困難,另外即使可以製造,也易於凝集。
無機粒子為矽膠中空粒子的場合,根據實驗的結果,以30nm~130nm較佳,更佳為50nm~100nm,具有該外徑的矽膠中空粒子最易於製造,難於凝集,可以使矽膠中空粒子的優點得以充分發揮。
對石英纖維的矽膠中空粒子的添加量,以對100質量份的石英纖維,添加1質量份以上100質量份以下為較佳,更佳為5質量份以上80質量份以下。如矽膠中空粒子的添加量在該範圍中,透明絕熱層的絕熱性和光透過率的兩方都好。如添加量為1質量份以下,不能充分得到透明絕熱層的絕熱性,如100質量份以上,透明絕熱層的光透過率不能充分得到的同時,層會變得非常脆弱。
本發明的絕熱疊層體,作為絕熱薄膜中的光觸媒層,以將光觸媒粒子和水溶性粘合劑形成的光觸媒塗布液塗布,乾燥固化而得到的光觸媒膜為宜。可以給絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜帶來防污效果。
作為光觸媒粒子,可以使用現在市售的氧化鈦類,氧化鎢類,氧化鋅類,氧化鈮類等,n型半導體的金屬氧化物的結晶微粒子。例如,可以使用銳鈦型的二氧化鈦(TiO2
),金紅石型的二氧化鈦(TiO2
),三氧化鎢(WO3
),氧化鋅(ZnO),Ga攙雜氧化鋅(GZO),氧化鈮(Nb2
O5
)等。其中,作為可視光活性的高之物,是在這些金屬氧化物的結晶內將氮,硫黃,磷,碳等攙雜之物,或者在表面使銅,鐵,鎳,金,銀,鉑,碳等被承載之物可以適宜地使用。進一步詳細地說,有承載鉑的金紅石型氧化鈦,承載鐵的金紅石型氧化鈦,承載銅的金紅石型氧化鈦,承載氫氧化銅的金紅石型氧化鈦,承載金的銳鈦型氧化鈦,承載鉑的三氧化鎢等。進一步,該微粒子的一次粒子徑微細之物,即一次粒徑為1~100nm的範圍,較佳為1~50nm的範圍之物可
以適宜地使用。一次粒徑比100nm大,塗膜的透明度變低,有損外觀。
這樣,可作為可視光活性高的光觸媒微粒子,可能例舉MPT-623(可視光響應光觸媒,粉體狀,承載鉑的金紅石型二氧化鈦;石原產業公司製),MPT-625(可視光響應光觸媒,粉體狀,承載鐵的金紅石型二氧化鈦;石原產業公司製)等。
光觸媒塗布液的水溶性粘合劑可以,在水,鹼性化合物,以及極性溶媒中,使以下述式(1)表示的矽烷氧化合物,或者其縮合物進行加水分解的手法適宜地得到。
Si(OR)X
(OH)4-X
...(1)
式(1)中R,獨立地為氫原子或者官能基。R可以相互同一或不同。作為官能基R,具體地說可以例舉氫原子(H),甲基(CH3
),乙基(CH2
CH3
),丙基(CH2
CH2
CH3
),異丙基(CH2
(CH3
)CH3
),丁基(CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
),烷氧矽基(Si(OCH2
CH2
)3
)等。
這些之中,以四甲氧基矽烷(上述R全為甲基),四乙氧基矽烷(上述R全為乙基)為特佳。
作為在光觸媒塗布液的水溶性粘合劑中含有的,矽氧烷化合物的加水分解中使用的鹼性化合物,由下述式(2)表示。
RX
-NH4-X
...(2)
式(2)中R獨立表示氫原子或者官能基。R可以相互同一或不同。作為官能基R的具體例子,可以例舉氫原子(H),甲基(CH3
),乙基(CH2
CH3
),丙基(CH2
CH2
CH3
),異丙基(CH2
(CH3
)CH3
),丁基(CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
),甲醇基(CH2
OH),乙醇基(CH2
CH2
OH)。另外,可以為被氫原子以外的官能基取代的,下述式(3)表示的季胺的方式。
R4
N+
X-
...(3)
也可以為以式(3)表示的X-
的陰離子的鹽類。具體地說,作為X可以為羥基(OH),鹵素(F,Cl,Br,I)等。這些之中,四甲銨羥化物可以適
宜地使用。
作為水溶性粘合劑的一部分,可以供給矽化合物,鹼性化合物同時反應的極性溶媒,可以例舉水,醇類(例如,甲醇,乙醇,異丙醇),多元醇類(例如,甘油,甲基溶纖劑,乙基溶纖劑,丙基溶纖劑,或者這些的乙酸酯類),酮類(例如,丙酮,二丙酮醇,乙酰丙酮,甲乙酮)。上述極性溶媒,1種單獨或者2種以上並用。在它們之中,丙酮適宜使用。
矽化合物,鹼性化合物,極性溶媒,水混合.攪拌,使得到的生成物在水或者醇中溶解,以酸添加或者離子交換使pH=5~8,將此作為粘合劑液使用,進行矽烷氧化合物的加水分解。
光觸媒塗布液為,光觸媒粒子分散,並且在上述條件下調製的加水分解矽酸酯溶解或者分散而得到。預先調製在溶媒中使光觸媒粒子分散的光觸媒分散液,混合攪拌而得到。這樣的光觸媒塗布液,具體地說有信越化學工業公司製TA-801-G,TA-802-G,TA-803-G等。
光觸媒塗布液中的光觸媒固體成分濃度為0.01~10質量%,較佳為0.1~5質量%。光觸媒固體成分濃度如比0.01質量%少,光觸媒的防污活性變低,如比10質量%多,透明性變低,有損外觀。另外,塗布液中的光觸媒和加水分解矽酸酯的固體成分濃度為,光觸媒固體成分質量與矽酸酯固體成分質量比,為0.05:99.5~99.5:0.05,較佳為5:95~95:5。如光觸媒質量比為5少,不能得到充分的由親水基.氧化分解而形成的防污活性,另外如比95多,膜的強度變低,會發生剝離,斷裂。
光觸媒塗布液塗布的基材,只要薄膜可以形成,就沒有特別的限制。將光觸媒塗布液在基材上塗布時,可以使用以往公知的方法來進行塗布。具體可以例舉浸漬塗布法,旋塗布法,噴霧塗布法,毛刷塗布法,浸入塗布法,輥塗布法,線塗布法,模具塗布法,凹板印刷塗布法,噴墨法等。用此可以在基材上形成塗膜。
形成的塗膜的膜厚,以1~500nm,特別是,以50~300nm的範
圍為較佳。膜厚過薄,強度低,另外過厚,有發生斷裂的場合。
將光觸媒塗布液進行塗布,使塗膜乾燥固化時,以在50~200℃的溫度範圍進行1~120分處理為較佳,特別是,以60~110℃的溫度範圍進行5~60分處理為較佳。
作為絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜中的粘著材料層,以矽酮粘著材料層為適宜。作為矽酮粘著材料,可以使用一般使用的加熱固化型的鏈狀的有機聚矽氧烷和,固體狀的矽酮樹脂形成的粘著材料。作為加熱固化型的矽酮粘著材料,有有機過氧化物固化型和鉑附加固化型,但是,作為基材使用拉伸性的聚乙烯薄膜,聚丙烯薄膜的場合,由於會發生熱變形,所以以使用在比較低的溫度固化的鉑附加固化型的矽酮粘著材料為特佳。
有機過氧化物固化型的矽酮粘著材料包括,鏈狀的有機聚矽氧烷以及由(R3
SiO1/2
)單位和(SiO2
)單位(R為取代或者非取代的一價烴基)形成的有機聚矽氧烷共聚合體樹脂((R3
SiO1/2
)單位與(SiO2
)單位之比為0.5~1.5)的有機聚矽氧烷混合物,以及含有作為交聯固化劑的苯甲酰過氧化物,雙(4-甲苯甲酰)過氧化物,2,5-二甲基-2,5-雙(t-丁基過氧)己烷等的有機過氧化物。鉑附加固化型的矽酮粘著材料包括鏈狀的含乙烯基的有機聚矽氧烷,所述有機聚矽氧烷共聚合體樹脂,以及作為交聯固化劑的含有鍵合在矽上氫原子的有機氫聚矽氧烷,以及作為觸媒的氯化鉑酸,醇改性氯化鉑酸,鉑的烯錯體,鉑與乙烯基聚矽氧烷的錯體等的鉑族金屬類觸媒之物。
作為這樣的矽酮類粘著材料,可以例舉信越化學工業製X-40-3270/CAT-PL-50T=100/0.5,X-40-3229/CAT-PL-50T=100/0.5,X-40-3323/CAT-PL-50T=100/0.25等。
矽酮粘著材料層的厚度,以5~100μm為較佳,更佳為10~50μm。作為固化條件,通常為80~150℃。
作為硬塗布層,以矽酮類硬塗布材料為較佳。矽酮類硬塗布層,沒有特別的限制,光固化性硬塗布材料從作業性的觀點來看,是適宜的。由含有光反應性基的矽氧烷化合物,(甲基)丙烯酸基含有化合物,自由基類光聚合引發劑形成。具體地說,可以例舉信越化學工業公司的KP-1001,X-12-2437等。將該塗布液在聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂形成的絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜上塗布,用UV燈照射固化,得到硬塗布層。
硬塗布層的形成方法沒有特別的限制,可以根據目的從公知的塗布機中進行適宜選擇。例如,可以例舉逆轉輥塗布機,線棍塗布機,簾式塗布機。形成的覆蓋膜的膜厚為0.1~50μm,特別是以0.5~30μm的範圍為較佳。膜厚過薄,耐摩耗性變低,另外過厚,耐破裂性變低。
作為使硬塗布層固化的光源,通常,使用含有200~450nm的波長的光的光源,例如高壓水銀燈,超高壓水銀燈,金屬鹵化物燈,氙燈,碳弧燈等。照射量沒有特別的限制,為10~5,000mJ/cm2
,特別是以20~2,000mJ/cm2
為較佳。固化時間,通常為0.5秒~2分,較佳1秒~1分。
本發明的絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜,在不要求耐傷性的場合,沒有硬塗布層也可以。本發明的第2的實施方式的圖2中的絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜,沒有硬塗布層。
絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜可以進一步含有添加劑。添加劑可以含在構成絕熱疊層體,絕熱薄膜的任何層中。進一步可以設另一個層,可以使添加劑含在該層中。另外,添加劑在多個的層含有也可以。其中,以在透明基板聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂中含有為較佳。通過在比其他的層要厚的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂中含有,即使添加劑濃度低,也可以得到充分的效果。例如作為添加劑,使用下述的那樣紫外線吸收劑的場合,通過使紫外線吸收劑含在聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂中,即使紫外線吸收劑的濃度低,也可以得到充分的紫外線吸收效果。
作為第1添加劑,紫外線吸收劑,可以例舉共同藥品製Visorb 110,Ciba Specialty Chemicals公司製Tinuvin 328,BASF製Uvinul A plus等。作為第2添加劑,有可以防止由光以及熱產生的氧化的氧化防止劑以及HALS(位阻胺光安定劑,Hinderd Amine Light Stabilizer)。第1添加劑和第2添加劑可以被含在相互不同的層中,也可以含在同一層中。
以下,例舉實施例進行具體的說明,但是些實施例並不對本發名進行限制。可以在在本發明的精神下進行適宜的變更,這都包括在本發明的範圍內。
另外,在實施例中採用的測定.評價方法如下。另外,實施例中“份”在沒有特別說明的場合,是指“質量份”,「%」在沒有特別的聲明時,是指“質量%”。
是按JIS R 2618記載的非固定熱絲法(探針法),用熱傳導測定計(QTM-500:京都電子工業公司)對熱傳導率進行測定。測定,在向尺寸為100×50×1mm的絕熱疊層體試樣持續施加一定電力的同時,對加熱器的溫度上升進行記錄,從其溫度傾斜度測定試樣的熱傳導率。
用自動變角光度計(GP-200:村上色彩研究所製)進行測定。求取在透過測定方式,光線入射角:60°,受光角度:-90°~90°,靈敏度:150,HIGH VOLTON:500,過濾器:ND10使用,光圈:10.5mm(VS-13.0),受光光圈:9.1mm(VS-3 4.0)以及變角間隔0.1度的條件下測定透過峰的上升開始角度到下降終了角度的角度寬(度)以及峰高。角度寬為擴散度,峰高為透過度。
用日本電色工業公司製霧度測定器「NDH-2000」,按JIS K 71
05-1981進行測定。該全光線透過率與可視光透過率大略一致。
對薄膜的表面進行目視觀察,對是否有蜿蜒狀模樣等的外觀不良進行判定。沒有該外觀不良的為良,有該外觀不良者為不良。
用掃描型電子顯微鏡(日立製作所製,商品名:S-4700II),對得到的石英纖維,矽膠中空粒子的表面進行攝影,得到照片。從照片任選20個地方,對直徑進行測定。求取所有的測定結果(n=20)的平均值,作為石英纖維,矽膠中空粒子的平均纖維徑(直徑),平均粒子徑。
防污性的確認為,用10μmol/L的甲基藍水溶液,在5cm×5cm的擴散薄膜上展開1mL,用LED的光,以在試樣表面的光量為10,000勒克司的光量進行3時間照射,青色消色的為好(用○表示),無變化的為不好(用×表示)。
向聚乙烯醇縮丁醛樹脂(積水化學公司製,S-LECSV-05)100重量份中加入二氯甲烷500重量份部溶解。得到的樹脂溶液用間隙尺寸1mm的塗布機(橫山製作所公司製,管刀塗布機)進行,在厚度100μm的聚酯薄膜上以溶液刮刀塗布法成膜,100℃,20分乾燥,得到厚度200μm的透明絕熱層用的透明基板。
將直徑0.3mm的石英玻璃纖維用輸送輥向石墨製噴口供給,從與該運送方向垂直的方向由氫氧火炎將先端溶融,軟化。在與其相對的150mm的位置上設置可以XY2方向移動的裝置,使不銹鋼基板被保持。該噴口和不銹鋼基板之間施加20kV的高壓直流電壓,從溶融的玻璃先端將直徑約300n
m的石英纖維用靜電力在不銹鋼基板上堆積。
使結晶成長,使碳酸鈣的外徑成為8nm~85nm,老化脫水。製成乾燥狀態的固體微粉末狀的碳酸鈣微粒子後,在乙醇中分散。然後,通過添加矽氧烷以及銨,用溶膠凝膠法在碳酸鈣(CaCO3)微粒子上進行矽膠(SiO2)塗布。作為矽氧烷,使用四乙氧基矽烷(TEOS)(信越化學工業公司製,KBE-04),作為銨,使用28重量%的銨水。
將如此製作的矽膠塗布粒子洗浄後,在水中分散,添加鹽酸使內部的碳酸鈣溶解流出,形成有流出孔的立方體狀的矽膠中空粒子。最後,乾燥後,在加熱工程中400℃加熱,溶解的碳酸鈣堵塞流出孔,由此製得矽膠中空粒子。該矽膠中空粒子的粒子徑為80nm。
上述石英纖維集合體100重量部與上述矽膠中空粒子10重量部混合。將其用厚度200μm的所述聚乙烯醇縮丁醛基板2枚進行挾持,100℃,10分加熱,得到透明絕熱層。
在透明絕熱層的一個面上用線棍法將光觸媒粒子在溶媒中分散,並且將含有水溶性矽酸酯粘合劑的光觸媒塗布液(信越化學工業公司製,TA-801-G)塗布,100℃的烤箱中30分熱處理,得到厚度200nm的光觸媒層。在透明絕熱層的另一個面上,用線棍法將矽酮類粘著材料(信越化學工業公司製,X-40-3270/CAT-PL-50T=100/0.5)塗布,130℃的烤箱中2分熱處理,得到厚度30μm的粘著材料層。
如此得到的實施例1的絕熱疊層體的測定值,特性列於表1。
代替實施例1的石英纖維集合體的製作中的石英玻璃纖維,使用由高硼矽酸玻璃得到的直徑約300nm的玻璃纖維,除此之外,進行與實施例1同樣的
操作,得到絕熱疊層體。
該實施例2的絕熱疊層體的測定值,特性表示於表1。
在實施例1中製作的透明絕熱層的兩面上,用線棍法將光固化型矽酮類硬塗布材料(信越化學工業公司,KP-1001)塗布,用高壓水銀燈,375nm的波長的光進行1200mJ/cm2
,1分照射,得到厚度3μm的硬塗布層。在一個硬塗布層的面上用線棍法將具有在溶媒中分散的光觸媒粒子,並且含有水溶性矽酸基粘合劑的光觸媒塗布液(信越化學工業公司製,TA-801-G)塗布。在100℃的烤箱中進行30分熱處理,得到厚度200nm的光觸媒層。另一個硬塗布層的面上,用線棍法將矽酮類粘著材料(信越化學工業公司製,X-40-3270/CAT-PL-50T=100/0.5)塗布,在130℃的烤箱中進行2分熱處理,得到厚度30μm的粘著材料層。
如此得到的實施例3的絕熱疊層體的測定值,特性列於表1。
除了將矽膠中空粒子,變為氣相二氧化矽(日本AEROSIL公司製,AEROSIL RY50:一次粒子徑40nm)以外,以與實施例1同樣的方法得到透明絕熱層。該透明絕熱層與實施例1同樣,形成光觸媒層以及粘著材料層,得到比較例1的絕熱疊層體。該比較例1的絕熱疊層體的特性列於表1。
除了將石英纖維集合體的直徑變為800nm以外,與實施例1同樣得到透明絕熱層。從該透明絕熱層與實施例1同樣,形成光觸媒層以及粘著材料層,得到比較例2的絕熱疊層體。該比較例2的絕熱疊層體的特性表示於表1。
在相當於透明基板的厚度200μm的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛薄膜的一個面上,將由聚苯乙烯類聚合物珠形成的微粒子層進行塗布疊層,得到比較例3的絕熱疊層體。該比較例3的絕熱疊層體的特性列於表1。
在相當於透明基板的厚度200μm的聚乙烯醇縮丁醛薄膜的一個面上將由丙烯酸類樹脂形成的微粒子層進行塗布疊層,而得到比較例4的絕熱疊層體。該比較例4的絕熱疊層體的特性列於表1中。
1‧‧‧透明基板
2‧‧‧纖維集合體
3‧‧‧無機粒子
4‧‧‧光觸媒層
5‧‧‧粘著材料層
10‧‧‧透明絕熱層
Claims (12)
- 一種薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:包括光觸媒層,2枚的透明基板之間挾有纖維直徑為700nm以下的纖維集合體以及由矽膠中空粒子形成的復合材料的透明絕熱層以及粘著材料層,所述光觸媒層為絕熱疊層體的一個面的最外層,所述粘著材料層為另一個面的最外層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,在所述光觸媒層和所述透明絕熱層之間以及在所述透明絕熱層和所述粘著材料層之間,至少一方具有硬塗布層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述透明基板包括聚乙烯醇縮丁醛。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述纖維集合體,是由用電場紡絲法紡絲而形成的連續或者非連續的石英纖維形成的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述光觸媒層是用含有光觸媒粒子和水溶性粘合劑的塗布液塗布而形成的。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述光觸媒粒子為,在具有n型半導體性的金屬氧化物的結晶微粒子上,承 載從由釩,錳,鐵,鈷,鎳,銅,鋅,鈮,鉬,釕,銠,銀,錫,鎢,鉑,金形成的群選出的金屬,金屬的氧化物,或者/以及金屬的化合物的光觸媒粒子。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述水溶性粘合劑含有水解性矽化合物,在水,鹼性化合物以及極性溶媒的混合溶劑中水解了的化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述粘著材料層是由矽酮類粘著材料形成的。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述硬塗布層是由矽酮類硬塗布材料形成的。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之薄膜狀絕熱疊層體,其中所述矽酮類硬塗布材料為光固化性矽酮類硬塗布材料。
- 一種絕熱疊層體,其特徵在於:如申請專利範圍第1項至第10項任一項所述之絕熱疊層體的全光透過率為60%以上。
- 一種透明絕熱薄膜,其特徵在於:具有如申請專利範圍第1項至第11項任一項所述之絕熱疊層體。
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JP2011149885A JP5753453B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 | 2011-07-06 | 断熱積層体 |
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US (1) | US9512953B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5753453B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140033464A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103648762B (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI490123B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013005711A1 (zh) |
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CN103231557A (zh) * | 2013-04-02 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江联洋复合材料有限公司 | 一种汽车顶棚用玻璃纤维增强无纺毡及其制造方法 |
TWI510684B (zh) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-12-01 | Univ Nat Ilan | 利用靜電紡絲技術製備之含鈦光觸媒纖維製備方法 |
KR20170117508A (ko) * | 2015-03-10 | 2017-10-23 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 진공 단열 패널, 코어재, 냉장고, 진공 단열 패널의 제조방법, 냉장고의 리사이클 방법 |
CN104805599B (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-10-26 | 武汉纺织大学 | 一种静电纺制备功能性乙烯基聚硅氧烷纳米纤维膜的方法 |
CN105882042A (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-08-24 | 陈伟 | 一种具有自洁、抗菌、杀菌功能的辐射固化装饰板 |
WO2017221777A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-28 | 東レ株式会社 | 発光体、ならびにそれを用いた光源ユニット、ディスプレイおよび照明装置 |
JP6607276B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-11-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 真空断熱材用外包材、真空断熱材、および真空断熱材付き物品 |
CN109318826B (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2023-03-21 | 王玉龙 | 一种被动式恒温超低能耗汽车保温方法 |
CN110183107B (zh) * | 2019-05-30 | 2021-10-01 | 张学新 | 一种高硼硅耐热玻璃表面插丝的生产工艺 |
TWI810630B (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-08-01 | 吳柏村 | 隔熱裝置 |
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2012
- 2012-07-02 CN CN201280033296.6A patent/CN103648762B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-07-02 WO PCT/JP2012/066855 patent/WO2013005711A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-07-02 KR KR1020137034942A patent/KR20140033464A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-07-04 TW TW101124048A patent/TWI490123B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JPH0699547A (ja) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-04-12 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 新規な積層体 |
CN101516798A (zh) * | 2006-09-14 | 2009-08-26 | 日本电气硝子株式会社 | 板状玻璃层叠结构体及多层板状玻璃层叠结构体 |
US20080176085A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-07-24 | Satoshi Tanaka | Hydrophilic composition and hydrophilic member |
Also Published As
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JP5753453B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
WO2013005711A1 (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
JP2013014108A (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
TW201315605A (zh) | 2013-04-16 |
CN103648762A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
US20140120794A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
KR20140033464A (ko) | 2014-03-18 |
US9512953B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
CN103648762B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
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