JP2009203104A - 燃料改質装置 - Google Patents
燃料改質装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009203104A JP2009203104A JP2008046398A JP2008046398A JP2009203104A JP 2009203104 A JP2009203104 A JP 2009203104A JP 2008046398 A JP2008046398 A JP 2008046398A JP 2008046398 A JP2008046398 A JP 2008046398A JP 2009203104 A JP2009203104 A JP 2009203104A
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- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- downstream
- fuel
- oxygen
- concentration
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 182
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 44
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】燃料改質触媒28は、改質燃料を含む排気ガスと接触することにより、水素を含む改質ガスを生成する。触媒28の上流側と下流側には、A/Fセンサ58,60を設ける。上流側A/Fセンサ58は、酸素濃度に応じた下流側センサ信号を出力する。下流側A/Fセンサ60は、ジルコニアの酸素検出能と、拡散層による水素濃度に応じた酸素検出能の変化とを利用して、酸素濃度及び水素濃度に応じた下流側センサ信号を出力する。ECU50は、酸素濃度のみが反映された上流側センサ信号と、酸素濃度及び水素濃度が反映された下流側センサ信号とを用いて、酸素濃度の影響を受けずに水素濃度を検出する。これにより、一般的なA/Fセンサ58,60を用いて水素濃度の検出システムを実現することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
前記気体の流れ方向において前記燃料改質触媒の上流側に配置され、気体中の酸素濃度に対応した上流側センサ信号を出力する上流側A/Fセンサと、
前記気体の流れ方向において前記燃料改質触媒の下流側に配置され、気体中の酸素濃度と水素濃度とに対応した下流側センサ信号を出力する下流側A/Fセンサと、
前記上流側センサ信号と前記下流側センサ信号とを用いて、前記燃料改質触媒の下流側における気体中の水素濃度を検出する水素濃度検出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記下流側センサ信号と前記水素濃度との対応関係を表す特性線データが予め記憶された記憶手段と、を備え、
前記信号補正手段は、前記特性線データを前記酸素濃度に応じて補正し、前記水素濃度検出手段は、補正後の前記特性線データを用いて前記下流側センサ信号から前記水素濃度を算出する構成としている。
前記水素濃度が零の状態における前記下流側センサ信号の値を前記酸素濃度に応じて取得する零点出力取得手段と、
前記水素濃度の変化に対する前記下流側センサ信号の変化率を前記酸素濃度に応じて取得する変化率取得手段と、
前記零点出力取得手段と前記変化率取得手段の取得結果に応じて、検出時点の酸素濃度における前記特性線データを設定する特性設定手段と、
を備える構成としている。
ジルコニアを含む材料により形成され、一側面と他側面とを有する検出素子と、
前記検出素子の一側面と他側面にそれぞれ設けられ、前記検出素子を挟んで互いに対向した2つの電極と、
検出対象を含む気体から前記検出素子の一側面を遮断する位置に設けられ、前記検出対象が前記検出素子の一側面に供給される速度を制限する制限手段とをそれぞれ備える構成としている。
前記上流側センサ信号と前記下流側センサ信号のうち少なくとも一方の信号値を前記気体の圧力に応じて補正する圧力対応補正手段と、
を備える構成としている。
前記A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された零点基準値とのずれ量を検出する第1の酸素誤差検出手段と、
前記A/Fセンサに大気を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された大気基準値とのずれ量を検出する第2の酸素誤差検出手段と、
前記零点基準値と前記大気基準値に対するずれ量を用いて前記出力信号値を校正する酸素信号校正手段と、
を備える構成としている。
前記下流側A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給する気体供給手段と、
前記水素濃度に影響するパラメータが予め設定された誤差検出用の規定状態となるように調整する調整手段と、
前記改質燃料の供給を停止し、かつ前記下流側A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された零点基準値とのずれ量を検出する第1の水素誤差検出手段と、
前記パラメータを前記規定状態に調整し、かつ前記下流側A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された非零点基準値とのずれ量を検出する第2の水素誤差検出手段と、
前記零点基準値と前記非零点基準値に対するずれ量を用いて前記出力信号値を校正する水素信号校正手段と、
を備える構成としている。
[実施の形態1の構成]
以下、図1乃至図11を参照しつつ、本発明の実施の形態1について説明する。まず、図1は、実施の形態1のシステム構成を説明するための全体構成図を示している。本実施形態のシステムは、例えば多気筒型の内燃機関10を備えている。この内燃機関10は、アルコールとガソリンとを混合した燃料によって運転されるものであり、本実施の形態では、その一例として、エタノールとガソリンとの混合燃料を用いるものとする。
ECU50は、以下に述べるように、排気ガスと改質燃料との改質反応によって生成された改質ガスを、排気ガスと共に吸気管12内に還流させる改質EGR制御を行う。この改質EGR制御では、まずEGR通路32内を流れる排気ガスに対して、改質燃料噴射弁34から改質燃料を噴射し、これらの混合ガスを改質室26に流入させる。
→31H2+34.7CO+63.6N2 ・・・(2)
次に、水素濃度の検出に用いられるA/Fセンサ58,60について説明する。まず最初に、上流側A/Fセンサ58は、例えばジルコニア等を用いた一般的なA/Fセンサにより構成されている。また、上流側A/Fセンサ58は、内燃機関の排気管20に設けられており、排気ガスの流れ方向に対して燃料改質触媒28の上流側に配置されている。
次に、下流側A/Fセンサ60について説明する。下流側A/Fセンサ60は、図1に示すように、内燃機関のEGR通路32に設けられており、排気ガスの流れ方向に対して燃料改質触媒28の下流側に配置されている。このため、下流側A/Fセンサ60は、改質EGR制御中に水素を含んだ改質ガスに晒される。
図4は、酸素濃度の変化に対する上流側センサ信号の出力特性を示している。酸素濃度に応じてジルコニアに生じる飽和電流は、信号処理回路等によりリニアな特性をもつ電圧信号に変換され、この電圧信号は、図4に示す上流側センサ信号として出力される。この上流側センサ信号の特性線データは、ECU50に予め記憶されている。
図5は、水素濃度及び酸素濃度の変化に対する下流側センサ信号の出力特性を示している。図5中に示す複数の特性線(特性線データ)は、個々の酸素濃度における水素濃度と下流側センサ信号との対応関係を示すものである。
A/Fセンサ58,60の構造によれば、酸素濃度の検出感度は、酸素分子が拡散層58D,60Dを透り抜けるときの速度に応じて変化する。また、水素濃度が酸素検出能に与える影響度も、水素分子が拡散層58D,60Dを透り抜けるときの速度に応じて変化する。そして、これらの分子の透過速度は、排気ガス(EGRガス)の圧力に応じて変化する。そこで、本実施の形態では、圧力センサ56により検出した圧力に応じてセンサ信号を補正する構成としている。
A/Fセンサの出力特性は、センサの劣化等により規定の出力特性から外れることがある。このため、センサの作動時には、上流側A/Fセンサ58と下流側A/Fセンサ60に対して出力特性の校正処理を実施する。
次に、水素用の校正処理について説明する。この校正処理は、下流側A/Fセンサ60に対して実施されるものである。ECU50には、水素用の校正処理を行うための零点基準値と非零点基準値とが予め記憶されている。
上述したように、本実施の形態では、改質EGR制御中に生成される水素濃度を正確に検出することができるので、これを利用して燃料改質触媒28の診断処理を行う。この触媒診断処理では、まず、水素濃度に影響するパラメータを予め設定された触媒診断用の規定状態に調整する。
図9乃至図11は、本実施の形態のシステム動作を実現するために、ECU50が実行するルーチンのフローチャートである。なお、これらの図に示すルーチンは、内燃機関の始動時に開始され、一定の時間毎に繰返し実行される。
次に、図12を参照して、本発明の実施の形態2について説明する。本実施の形態は、前記実施の形態1と同様のシステム構成(図1)を採用しているが、下流側A/Fセンサの構造が実施の形態1と異なるものである。
12 吸気管
14 吸気マニホールド
16 スロットル弁
18 主燃料噴射弁
20 排気管
24 熱交換器
26 改質室
28 燃料改質触媒
30 排気通路
32 EGR通路
34 改質燃料噴射弁(改質燃料供給手段)
36 冷却器
38 流量調整弁
40 排気浄化触媒
42 燃料タンク
44 燃料配管
50 ECU(記憶手段)
52 燃料性状センサ
54 温度センサ
56 圧力センサ(圧力検出手段)
58 上流側A/Fセンサ
60,70 下流側A/Fセンサ
58A,60A,70A 検出素子
58B,58C,60B,60C,70B,70C 電極
58D,60D,70D 拡散層(制限手段)
58E,60E,70E ハウジング
Claims (14)
- 改質燃料を含む気体の流路に配置され、前記改質燃料から水素を含む可燃ガスを生成する燃料改質触媒と、
前記気体の流れ方向において前記燃料改質触媒の上流側に配置され、気体中の酸素濃度に対応した上流側センサ信号を出力する上流側A/Fセンサと、
前記気体の流れ方向において前記燃料改質触媒の下流側に配置され、気体中の酸素濃度と水素濃度とに対応した下流側センサ信号を出力する下流側A/Fセンサと、
前記上流側センサ信号と前記下流側センサ信号とを用いて、前記燃料改質触媒の下流側における気体中の水素濃度を検出する水素濃度検出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする燃料改質装置。 - 前記水素濃度検出手段は、前記下流側センサ信号に含まれる前記酸素濃度の影響を前記上流側センサ信号に応じて補正する信号補正手段を備えてなる請求項1に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記上流側センサ信号を用いて前記酸素濃度を算出する酸素濃度算出手段と、
前記下流側センサ信号と前記水素濃度との対応関係を表す特性線データが予め記憶された記憶手段と、を備え、
前記信号補正手段は、前記特性線データを前記酸素濃度に応じて補正し、前記水素濃度検出手段は、補正後の前記特性線データを用いて前記下流側センサ信号から前記水素濃度を算出する構成としてなる請求項2に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記信号補正手段は、
前記水素濃度が零の状態における前記下流側センサ信号の値を前記酸素濃度に応じて取得する零点出力取得手段と、
前記水素濃度の変化に対する前記下流側センサ信号の変化率を前記酸素濃度に応じて取得する変化率取得手段と、
前記零点出力取得手段と前記変化率取得手段の取得結果に応じて、検出時点の酸素濃度における前記特性線データを設定する特性設定手段と、
を備えてなる請求項3に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記下流側A/Fセンサの検出感度は、前記上流側A/Fセンサの検出感度よりも低下させる構成としてなる請求項1乃至4のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記上流側A/Fセンサと前記下流側A/Fセンサとは、
ジルコニアを含む材料により形成され、一側面と他側面とを有する検出素子と、
前記検出素子の一側面と他側面にそれぞれ設けられ、前記検出素子を挟んで互いに対向した2つの電極と、
検出対象を含む気体から前記検出素子の一側面を遮断する位置に設けられ、前記検出対象が前記検出素子の一側面に供給される速度を制限する制限手段とをそれぞれ備えてなる請求項1乃至5のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記下流側A/Fセンサの電極は、前記上流側A/Fセンサの電極よりも対向面積が小さくなるように形成し、当該対向面積の差分に応じて前記下流側A/Fセンサの検出感度を低下させる構成としてなる請求項6に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記制限手段は、前記検出対象を含む気体が外部から前記検出素子の一側面に向けて通過する拡散層であり、前記下流側A/Fセンサの拡散層は、前記上流側A/Fセンサの拡散層よりも通気性が低くなるように形成し、当該通気性の差分に応じて前記下流側A/Fセンサの検出感度を低下させる構成としてなる請求項6または7に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記気体の圧力を検出する圧力検出手段と、
前記上流側センサ信号と前記下流側センサ信号のうち少なくとも一方の信号値を前記気体の圧力に応じて補正する圧力対応補正手段と、
を備えてなる請求項1乃至8のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記圧力対応補正手段は、前記圧力が高くなるにつれて酸素または水素の検出濃度が低くなるように補正を行う構成としてなる請求項9に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記上流側A/Fセンサと前記下流側A/Fセンサのうち少なくとも一方のA/Fセンサに対して、無酸素状態の気体と大気とをそれぞれ個別に供給する気体供給手段と、
前記A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された零点基準値とのずれ量を検出する第1の酸素誤差検出手段と、
前記A/Fセンサに大気を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された大気基準値とのずれ量を検出する第2の酸素誤差検出手段と、
前記零点基準値と前記大気基準値に対するずれ量を用いて前記出力信号値を校正する酸素信号校正手段と、
を備えてなる請求項1乃至10のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記燃料改質触媒に前記改質燃料を供給する改質燃料供給手段と、
前記下流側A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給する気体供給手段と、
前記水素濃度に影響するパラメータが予め設定された誤差検出用の規定状態となるように調整する調整手段と、
前記改質燃料の供給を停止し、かつ前記下流側A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された零点基準値とのずれ量を検出する第1の水素誤差検出手段と、
前記パラメータを前記規定状態に調整し、かつ前記下流側A/Fセンサに無酸素状態の気体を供給した状態で、当該A/Fセンサの出力信号値と予め設定された非零点基準値とのずれ量を検出する第2の水素誤差検出手段と、
前記零点基準値と前記非零点基準値に対するずれ量を用いて前記出力信号値を校正する水素信号校正手段と、
を備えてなる請求項1乃至11のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。 - 前記水素濃度に影響するパラメータが予め設定された触媒診断用の規定状態となるように調整し、前記水素濃度の検出値と予め設定された診断基準値とを比較することにより、前記燃料改質触媒の作動状態を診断する触媒診断手段を備えてなる請求項1乃至12のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。
- 前記上流側A/Fセンサは、内燃機関から排出される排気ガス中の酸素濃度に応じて空燃比を制御する空燃比フィードバック制御に用いる構成としてなる請求項1乃至13のうち何れか1項に記載の燃料改質装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE551517T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
CN101960127B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
WO2009107454A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
JP5018550B2 (ja) | 2012-09-05 |
US8486166B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
US20100300382A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
EP2257703B1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
CN101960127A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
EP2257703A1 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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