JP2009021208A - 燃料電池用電極触媒、その製造法、及びその電極触媒を用いた燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極触媒、その製造法、及びその電極触媒を用いた燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009021208A JP2009021208A JP2007314492A JP2007314492A JP2009021208A JP 2009021208 A JP2009021208 A JP 2009021208A JP 2007314492 A JP2007314492 A JP 2007314492A JP 2007314492 A JP2007314492 A JP 2007314492A JP 2009021208 A JP2009021208 A JP 2009021208A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- fuel cell
- metal
- electrode catalyst
- cerium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- GSNZLGXNWYUHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GSNZLGXNWYUHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000636 Ce alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002837 PtCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002836 PtFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019041 PtMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002844 PtNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+3] UNJPQTDTZAKTFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen difluoride Chemical compound FOF UJMWVICAENGCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
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Abstract
【解決手段】貴金属−卑金属−Ce(セリウム)3元系合金からなる触媒金属粒子が炭素材料に担持された燃料電池用電極触媒であって、該貴金属がPt、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag及びAuから選択される1種以上であり、該卑金属がIr、Co、Fe、Ni及びMnから選択される1種以上であり、これら貴金属:卑金属:Ce(セリウム)の組成比(mol比)が、20〜95:5〜60:0.1〜3であることを特徴とする燃料電池用電極触媒。
【選択図】図1
Description
カソード(酸素極):2H++2e−+(1/2)O2→H2O …(2)
又は
H2O2→・H+・OOH
[実施例1]
市販の高比表面積のカーボン粉末5.3gを純水0.5Lに加え分散させる。この分散液に白金3.5gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液、イリジウム1.2gを含む硝酸イリジウム溶液、セリウム0.05gを含む硝酸セリウムの順にそれぞれ滴下し、十分にカーボンとなじませた。これに0.1Nアンモニア約100mLを添加しpHを10とし、それぞれの水酸化物を形成させカーボン上に析出させた。この分散液をろ過し、得られた粉末を100℃、10時間真空乾燥させた。次に水素ガス雰囲気で400℃、2時間保持して還元処理した後、窒素ガス中で600℃、10時間保持し合金化させた。
市販の高比表面積のカーボン粉末5.2gを純水0.5Lに加え分散させる。この分散液に白金4.5gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液、コバルト0.5gを含む硝酸コバルト溶液、セリウム0.05gを含む硝酸セリウムの順にそれぞれ滴下し、十分にカーボンとなじませた。これに0.1Nアンモニア約100mLを添加しpHを10とし、それぞれの水酸化物を形成させカーボン上に析出させた。この分散液をろ過し、得られた粉末を100℃、10時間真空乾燥させた。次に水素ガス雰囲気で400℃、2時間保持して還元処理した後、窒素ガス中で800℃、10時間保持し合金化させた。
実施例1において、硝酸イリジウム溶液に代えて硝酸鉄を用いて、PtFeCeを合成した。
実施例1において、硝酸イリジウム溶液に代えて硝酸ニッケルを用いて、PtNiCeを合成した。
実施例1において、硝酸イリジウム溶液に代えて硝酸マンガンを用いて、PtMnCeを合成した。
市販の高比表面積カーボン粉末5.3gを純水0.5Lに加え分散させた。この分散液に、白金3.5gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液、イリジウム1.2gを含む硝酸イリジウム溶液の順にそれぞれ滴下し、十分にカーボンとなじませた。これに0.1Nアンモニア約100mLを添加してPHを約10とし、それぞれ水酸化物を形成させカーボン上に析出させた。この分散液をろ過し、得られた粉末を100℃で10時間真空乾燥させた。次に水素ガス中で400℃、2hr保持して還元処理した後、窒素ガス中で800℃、10hr保持して合金化した。
比較例1の触媒粉末10.0gを純水0.5Lに加え分散させた。これにセリウム0.05gを含む硝酸セリウムを滴下し、十分にカーボンとなじませた。これに0.1Nアンモニア約100mLを添加してPHを約10とし、それぞれ水酸化物を形成させカーボン上に析出させた。この分散液をろ過し、得られた粉末を100℃大気中で15時間乾燥させた。
市販の高比表面積カーボン粉末5.2gを純水0.5Lに加え分散させた。この分散液に、白金4.5gを含むヘキサヒドロキソ白金硝酸溶液、コバルト0.5gを含む硝酸コバルト溶液の順にそれぞれ滴下し、十分にカーボンとなじませた。これに0.1Nアンモニア約100mLを添加してPHを約10とし、それぞれ水酸化物を形成させカーボン上に析出させた。この分散液をろ過し、得られた粉末を100℃で10時間真空乾燥させた。次に水素ガス中で400℃、2hr保持して還元処理した後、窒素ガス中で800℃、10hr保持して合金化した。
比較例3の触媒粉末に硝酸セリウムを滴下し、PtCo+Ceを得た。
比較例1において、硝酸イリジウムに代えて硝酸鉄を用い、PtFeを得た。
比較例5の触媒粉末に硝酸セリウムを滴下し、PtFe+Ceを得た。
比較例1において、硝酸イリジウムに代えて硝酸ニッケルを用い、PtNiを得た。
比較例7の触媒粉末に硝酸セリウムを滴下し、PtNi+Ceを得た。
比較例1において、硝酸イリジウムに代えて硝酸マンガンを用い、PtMnを得た。
比較例9の触媒粉末に硝酸セリウムを滴下し、PtMn+Ceを得た。
初期段階での触媒性能を比較するため、初期電圧測定法を実施した。測定法ついては単セル温度を80℃に設定、カソード側の電極に60℃加熱したバブラを通過させた加湿空気をストイキ比3、アノード側の電極に60℃に加熱したバブラを通過させた加湿水素をストイキ比3で供給し、電流電圧特性を測定した。各触媒の性能比較は、電流電圧が安定するまで測定し、電流密度0.1A/cm2の電圧値で比較した。各電極のPt量はともに0.3mg/cm2とした。
初期電圧測定後、以下に示す条件で耐久試験を行った。単セル温度80℃、カソード側に60℃に加熱したバブラに通過させた加湿空気をストイキ比3で供給し、アノード側に60℃バブラに通過させた加湿水素をストイキ比3で供給した。電流値を0CV→0.1A/cm2で5秒ごとに変動させる。0.1A/cm2での電圧値をプロットし、耐久性能を比較した。
Claims (7)
- 貴金属−卑金属−Ce(セリウム)3元系合金からなる触媒金属粒子が炭素材料に担持された燃料電池用電極触媒であって、該貴金属がPt、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag及びAuから選択される1種以上であり、該卑金属がIr、Co、Fe、Ni及びMnから選択される1種以上であり、これら貴金属:卑金属:Ce(セリウム)の組成比(mol比)が、20〜95:5〜60:0.1〜3であることを特徴とする燃料電池用電極触媒。
- 前記貴金属が白金(Pt)であり、前記卑金属が鉄(Fe)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。
- 前記触媒金属粒子の平均粒子径が、3〜20nmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。
- 貴金属−卑金属−Ce(セリウム)3元系合金からなる触媒金属粒子が炭素材料に担持され、該貴金属がPt、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag及びAuから選択される1種以上であり、該卑金属がIr、Co、Fe、Ni及びMnから選択される1種以上であり、これら貴金属:卑金属:Ce(セリウム)の組成比(mol比)が、20〜95:5〜60:0.1〜3である燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法であって、該炭素材料の水分散液に貴金属塩、卑金属塩及びCe(セリウム)塩を加える工程と、アルカリ雰囲気下に該貴金属塩、卑金属塩及びCe(セリウム)塩を水酸化物とする工程と、該貴金属の水酸化物、卑金属の水酸化物及びCe(セリウム)の水酸化物を還元する工程と、該還元された貴金属、卑金属及びCe(セリウム)を合金化する工程とを含むことを特徴とする燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記貴金属が白金(Pt)であり、前記卑金属がイリジウム(Ir)及び/又はコバルト(Co)であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒金属粒子の平均粒子径が、3〜20nmであることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の電極触媒をカソード触媒及び/又はアノード触媒として用いた固体高分子型燃料電池。
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KR20100069492A (ko) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극 촉매, 상기 전극 촉매를 포함하는 전극을 구비한 연료전지 |
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2008
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- 2008-06-11 EP EP08777294.3A patent/EP2169749B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-06-11 US US12/663,314 patent/US8338051B2/en active Active
- 2008-06-11 CN CN2008800195286A patent/CN101682041B/zh active Active
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009129903A (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-11 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極触媒とその製造方法、及び該電極触媒を含む電極を具備した燃料電池 |
WO2010107426A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Utc Power Corporation | Method of forming a ternary alloy catalyst for fuel cell |
KR101162629B1 (ko) | 2010-07-14 | 2012-07-11 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 고체산화물 연료전지용 애노드 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR20190034333A (ko) | 2016-10-10 | 2019-04-01 | 다나카 기킨조쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 고체 고분자형 연료 전지용 촉매 및 그 제조 방법 |
US10998556B2 (en) | 2016-10-10 | 2021-05-04 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Catalyst for solid polymer fuel cell and method for producing same |
KR20210076198A (ko) | 2016-10-10 | 2021-06-23 | 다나카 기킨조쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 고체 고분자형 연료 전지용 촉매 및 그 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008153189A1 (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
CN101682041A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
JP5166842B2 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
EP2169749B1 (en) | 2013-12-25 |
CN101682041B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
US20100183942A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
EP2169749A4 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
US8338051B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
EP2169749A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
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