JP2008223024A - 重金属イオンの選択的分離のための表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態のポリマー微小球体の製造方法 - Google Patents
重金属イオンの選択的分離のための表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態のポリマー微小球体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】コア−シェル重合方法により製造された分子刻印入り高分子は、2つの段階によって製造される。一つの例として、スチレン(styrene)とジビニルベンゼン(divinylbenzene:DVB)とを用いて種(seed)粒子を製造する段階と、該種粒子の表面に金属イオン刻印入り高分子を形成させる段階とを用いて製造されることができる。この方法により製造された刻印入り高分子は、刻印入りサイトが支持体(例えば、PSビード)の表面に存在することによって、重金属イオン分離時間を短縮すると共に、界面活性剤や安定剤の使用も不要なので、経済的に且つ環境的に非常に有利である。
【選択図】図1
Description
(a)(a1)炭酸銅とメタクリル酸とを反応させて銅メタクリレート単量体を製造し、(a2)該製造された銅メタクリレートをエチレングリコールジメタクリレート単量体及びアゾジイソブチロニトリルと共に溶媒内で混合して銅メタクリレート混合物を製造する段階と、
(b)スチレンを分散重合させ、コア(core)としてのポリスチレンビード(polystyrene beads:PSビード)を製造する段階と、
(c)前記段階(b)にて製造されたポリスチレンビードにDBPを吸収させ、前記段階(a2)にて製造された銅メタクリレート混合物を、前記DBPを含むPSビードに吸収させて、コア−シェル形態のポリアクリレート微小球体を収得する段階と、
(d)前記ポリアクリレート微小球体から銅イオンを除去する段階
とを含む表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態のポリアクリレート微小球体の製造方法を提供する。
<実施例>
図1の化学反応式に従って、炭酸銅(copper carbonate)(Aldrich、Milwaukee,Wi,USA)とメチルメチルメタクリル酸(methyl methacrylate)(MAA, Aldrich)とを反応させ、Cu(II)イオンを含むクーパーメタクリレート(copper methacrylate)を合成した。
スチレン(Styrene)の分散重合法(dispersion polymerization)によりPS種粒子を製造した。
予め定められた量のエチルアルコール(Aldrich)とメトキシエタノール(methoxyethanol)(Aldrich)とを混ぜて作られた分散溶媒にPVP 0.525gを溶解させた。その次に、スチレン5ml、AIBN(azodiisobutyronitrile、スチレンの2%)を添加した後、均一溶媒を作るために超音波処理した。70℃の水槽(water bath)に120rpmの速度の50mlフラスコで24時間重合反応を行ってラテックスを製造した。製造されたラテックスを蒸溜水に数回洗って遠心分離法により分離して、PSビードを収得した。該収得したPSビードはコアとして使われた。
炭酸ニッケル(Ni carbonate)(Aldrich、Milwaukee,WI, USA)とメチルメタクリル酸(methyl methacrylate)(MAA, Aldrich)とを反応させ、Ni(II)イオンを含むニッケルメタクリレート(nickel methacrylate)を合成した。
Cu(II)だけでなくNi(II)イオンを含む刻印入り高分子粒子を製造した。スチレン(Styrene)の分散重合法(dispersion polymerization)によりPS種粒子を製造した。
炭酸鉛(Pb carbonate)(Aldrich)とメチルメタクリル酸(methyl methacrylate)(MAA,Aldrich)とを反応させ、Pb(II)イオンを含む鉛メタクリレート(lead methacrylate)を合成した。
Pb(II)イオンを含む刻印入り高分子粒子を製造した。スチレン(Styrene)の分散重合法(dispersion polymerization)によりPS種粒子を製造した。
<試験例>
<試験結果>
銅イオンの刻印された高分子選択度は、様々な金属の中から銅イオンのみを選別して分離するものである。分布比(distribution ratio)D、選択係数(selectivity coefficient)α、相対選択係数(relative selectivity coefficient)αrは各々、下記の[式1]、[式2]及び[式3]のように定義される。
上記式中、
υ:溶液の体積(ml)
m:高分子の質量(g)
CA:初期の金属イオン濃度(mmol/l)
CB:平衡状態の金属イオン濃度(mmol/l)
上記式中、
DCu:Cuイオンの分布比
DM:他の金属イオンの分布比
Claims (12)
- 重金属イオンを選択的に分離するための表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態の微小球体を製造する方法であって、
(a)(a1)金属塩から成る分子と単量体とを反応させて金属イオンを含む単量体を製造し、(a2)該製造された単量体を架橋剤及び重合開始剤と共に溶媒内で混合して、金属イオンを含む単量体混合物を製造する段階と、
(b)スチレンを分散重合させ、コア(core)としてのポリスチレンビード(polystyrene beads:PSビード)を製造する段階と、
(c)前記段階(b)にて製造されたポリスチレンビードにDBP(dibutyl phthalate)を吸収させ、前記段階(a2)にて製造された金属イオンを含む単量体混合物を、前記DBPを含むPSビードに吸収させて、コア−シェル形態の表面刻印入り微小球体を収得する段階と、
(d)前記微小球体から金属イオンを除去する段階
とを含む表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態の微小球体の製造方法。 - 前記段階(a)での金属塩がCu、Pb、Cd、Li、Na、Mg、Ca、Zn、Hg及びFeから構成された群から選ばれる金属を含む金属塩であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記金属塩がCuCO3、NiCO3またはPbCO3であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記段階(a)での単量体がカルボキシ基を含むアクリレート単量体、スチレン単量体またはシラン系単量体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記単量体がアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、エタクリル酸、ビニルベンゾ酸、ジビニルベンゾ酸またはエチレングリコールジメチルメタクリレートであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒が、水、C1〜C6のアルコール及びC1〜C6の炭化水素から構成された群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 架橋剤と金属イオンを含む単量体とのモル比が2:1〜14:1であり、溶媒に対する架橋剤及び金属イオンを含む単量体との総量のモル比が2〜20重量/体積%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記段階(a2)の重合開始剤が酸化還元系列開始剤または過酸化物系列開始剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記重合開始剤がアゾジイソブチロニトリル(azodiisobutyronitrile)であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記段階(a2)の架橋剤がアクリレート単量体、スチレン単量体またはシラン系単量体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 前記架橋剤が、エチレングリコールジメタクリレートであることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の微小球体の製造方法。
- 銅を選択的に分離するための表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態のポリアクリレート微小球体を製造する方法であって、
(a)(a1)炭酸銅とメタクリル酸とを反応させて銅メタクリレート単量体を製造し、(a2)該製造された銅メタクリレートをエチレングリコールジメタクリレート単量体及びアゾジイソブチロニトリルと共に溶媒内で混合して銅メタクリレート混合物を製造する段階と、
(b)スチレンを分散重合させ、コア(core)としてのポリスチレンビード(polystyrene beads:PSビード)を製造する段階と、
(c)前記段階(b)にて製造されたポリスチレンビードにDBPを吸収させ、前記段階(a2)にて製造された銅メタクリレート混合物を、前記DBPを含むPSビードに吸収させて、コア−シェル形態のポリアクリレート微小球体を収得する段階と、
(d)前記ポリアクリレート微小球体から銅イオンを除去する段階
とを含む表面刻印入りコア−シェル形態のポリアクリレート微小球体の製造方法。
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