JP2007529094A - ポリチオフェンに基づく光学用途のための機能層 - Google Patents
ポリチオフェンに基づく光学用途のための機能層 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007529094A JP2007529094A JP2007502227A JP2007502227A JP2007529094A JP 2007529094 A JP2007529094 A JP 2007529094A JP 2007502227 A JP2007502227 A JP 2007502227A JP 2007502227 A JP2007502227 A JP 2007502227A JP 2007529094 A JP2007529094 A JP 2007529094A
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- optical functional
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- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31533—Of polythioether
Abstract
Description
a)真空装置が必要であるので、堆積のための加工費が高いこと、
b)特にITO、ATOおよび金属層のための材料費高いこと、
c)層、特に金属酸化物層の脆さ、
d)層の堆積および/または後状態調整が高温(T>200℃)で行われること、
e)可視スペクトル域内(すなわち、400nm<λ<760nmの波長範囲内)における酸化物層の屈折率が高く(n>1.3)、変更するのは困難を伴うこと。
Aは、置換されていてもよいC1〜C5−アルキレン基を表し、
Rは、直鎖状または分岐鎖状の、置換されていてもよいC1〜C18−アルキル基、好ましくは直鎖状または分岐鎖状の、置換されていてもよいC1〜C14−アルキル基、置換されていてもよいC5〜C12−シクロアルキル基、置換されていてもよいC6〜C14−アリール基、置換されていてもよいC7〜C18−アラルキル基、置換されていてもよいC1〜C4−ヒドロキシアルキル基、好ましくは置換されていてもよいC1〜C2−ヒドロキシアルキル基、またはヒドロキシル基を表し、
xは、0〜8の整数、好ましくは0〜6の整数、特に好ましくは0または1を表す。
複数の基RがAに結合される場合、これらは同一であっても異なっていても、またはポリアニリンであってもポリスチレンであってもよい。]
で示される繰り返し単位を有する少なくとも1つのポリチオフェンを含む少なくとも1つの導電性ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする、透明光学機能層を提供する。
それは、
a)溶液から所望の基材に適用することが容易であり、従って高価な真空中での堆積プロセスが排除され、
b)脆さではないので、柔軟な基材にも適しており、
c)可視スペクトル域において低屈折率を有し、屈折率は他の透明ポリマーの添加によって容易に調節され得る。
で示されるチオフェンのような、導電性ポリマーの調製のための前駆体を、必要に応じて溶液の形態で、基材に適用し、1つ以上の酸化剤の存在下での化学的酸化重合または電気化学重合を行うことにより導電性ポリマーを生成することによって、形成することを特徴とする、基材上における本発明に従ったポリマー光学機能層の製造方法を提供する。
で示される置換されていてもよいチオフェンであり、
特に好ましくは、一般式(IIa):
透明機能層の適用により、反射防止層は、この層を規定された厚さに堆積させることによって形成され得る。この層の光路長が波長の4分の1(すなわち、nL×d=λ/4)に等しい場合、層の上面および下面で反射された2つの部分ビームの相殺的干渉が生じる。反射された部分ビームが同じ強度を有する場合、全体として光が反射されない。反射された部分ビームが同じ強度を有するように、反射防止層の屈折率は、空気および支持体の屈折率の相乗平均に等しくなければならない(すなわち、nL= (nA×nS)1/2(Born,Maxの上掲書64頁以下参照)。ガラスについてnA=1およびnS=1.5であるので、適用される反射防止層の屈折率は、理想的にはnL=1.22である。
nL=nISP×ρISP+nP×ρP
式中、nISPおよびnPはそれぞれ、純粋なインサイチュPEDTの屈折率および純粋なポリマー層の屈折率であり、ρISPおよびρPは、対応する体積含有率である。nISP<nPでありかつインサイチュPEDT溶液中において適切な可溶性を有する適切なポリマーは、先により詳細に記載されている。
コーティングしたマイカ小板は、ラッカーを着色するための真珠光沢のあるエフェクト顔料として用いられる(Iridin(登録商標)顔料、Merck、ダルムシュタット参照)。真珠光沢効果は、雲母担体上に沈殿する薄層によって生じる。上記の1)に記載のように、ここでも干渉現象が生じる。可視スペクトル域のある領域は、優先的に反射されるかまたは吸収され、その結果、特有の色印象が形成される。
日光が差し込むことのできる窓ガラスの背後の閉じられた部屋が暑くなることは、窓ガラスに赤外線を反射する保護層(IR反射層)を設けることによって抑制できる。この層は同時に可視スペクトル域において透明であるべきであるので、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)またはアンチモン錫酸化物のような無機物コーティングが、IR反射層として窓ガラスに通常用いられる(Kガラス参照)。
ガラスファイバーの傷つきやすい表面を引っ掻きから保護するために、ガラス光ファイバーは、クラッド層でコーティングされる(Bergmann Schaefer、第3巻 Optik、449頁以下、第9版参照)。このため、ガラスファイバーの場合には、ガラスファイバーの外側領域は適切にドーピングされる(すなわち、ファイバーの内部に対してスペクトル遷移領域内の屈折率を低下させるために、制御された様式で不純物が供給され)。信号は、この屈折率勾配および関連する全反射によりファイバー内に閉じ込められ、表面上の乱れ(例えば、引っ掻き傷)は、もはや散乱中心として機能しない。
石英ガラス上のインサイチュPEDT層:
20部の2−プロパノールで希釈したエポキシシラン(Silquest(登録商標)A187、製造会社OSi specialities)を、スピンコーターを用いて清浄した石英基材上にスピンコートし、次いで、大気中50℃で5分間、乾燥する。層厚さは20nm未満である。3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン(Baytron(登録商標)M)、ブタノール中の鉄(III)(トシレート)3の6%濃度溶液(Baytron(登録商標)CB40、製造会社H. C. Starck GmbH)、およびイミダゾールを、1:20:0.5の重量比で含む溶液を調製し、濾過する(Millipore HV、0.45μm)。その後、この溶液をエポキシシランでコーティングした石英基材上にスピンコーターを用いて1,000rpmでスピンコートする。続いてこの層を室温(RT、23℃)で乾燥し、次いで十分に蒸留水で濯いで鉄塩を除去する。層の乾燥後、層厚さは約155nmである。この層は、表面粗さ(Sr)が5nm未満の滑らかな表面を有する。層の導電率は550S/cmである。層の透明度は高い。すなわち、ガラス基材上の200nm厚さの層の透明度Yは、50%よりも大きい。
石英ガラス上のBaytron P(登録商標)AI4071層:
ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)およびポリスチレンスルホン酸の混合物(1:2.5重量部)であるBaytron P(登録商標)AI4071を、清浄した石英基材上に1,000rpmでスピンコートする。次いで、この層を200℃で乾燥する。層の乾燥後、層厚さは約180nmである。この層は、表面粗さ(Sr)が5nm未満の滑らかな表面を有する。層の導電率は0.1S/cmである。
回転速度が2,000rpmであり、かつ層厚さが95nmであること以外は、実施例1におけるように、インサイチュPEDT層を石英ガラス上に堆積させ、そして反射および透過スペクトルを測定する。
回転速度が2,000rpmであり、かつ層厚さが100nmであること以外は、実施例2におけるように、Baytron P(登録商標)AI4071層を石英ガラス上に堆積させ、そして反射および透過スペクトルを測定する。
実施例1および3ならびに実施例2および4に従って製造される層を用いて、石英ガラス上のインサイチュPEDT層の分散および吸収曲線ならびにBaytron P(登録商標)AI4071層の分散および吸収曲線を決定する。一致した結果を生じる2つの異なる方法で決定を行なう。方法1は、フレネルの式に基づくコンピュータプログラムであり、計算されたRおよびTコースが、層厚さの異なる2つの試料について測定されたRおよびTコースに相当するまで、nおよびkを反復して適合させる。方法2は、Steag EtaOptikのETA-RT装置を用い、これによりnおよびkを基材上の薄層のRおよびTスペクトルから決定できる。これらの2つの方法は同様の結果を生じ、これを表1に要約する。
Baytron(登録商標)M、Baytron(登録商標)CB40およびDMSOを重量比1:20:1.25で含む溶液を調製し、この溶液をPETフィルムにドクターブレードで適用すること以外は、実施例1におけるように、インサイチュPEDT層を堆積させ、そして測定する。用いたドクターブレードは、厚さd=12μmの湿潤層をもたらす。
Baytron(登録商標)M、Baytron(登録商標)CB40、DMSOおよびポリウレタン系架橋剤Desmotherm(登録商標)2170(製造会社Bayer AG)を重量比1:20:1.25:0.5で含む溶液を調製し、この溶液をPETフィルムにドクターブレードで適用すること以外は、実施例1におけるように、インサイチュPEDT層を堆積させ、そして測定する。用いたドクターブレードは、厚さd=12μmの湿潤層をもたらす。
Claims (14)
- 可視スペクトル域の一部に、特に、少なくとも50nm、好ましくは少なくとも100nmの区間を含む波長範囲に、1.3未満の屈折率(n)を有し、かつ、一般式(I):
Aは、置換されていてもよいC1〜C5−アルキレン基を表し、
Rは、直鎖状または分岐鎖状の、置換されていてもよいC1〜C18−アルキル基、置換されていてもよいC5〜C12−シクロアルキル基、置換されていてもよいC6〜C14−アリール基、置換されていてもよいC7〜C18−アラルキル基、置換されていてもよいC1〜C4−ヒドロキシアルキル基またはヒドロキシル基を表し、
xは、0〜8の整数を表す。
複数の基RがAに結合される場合、これらは同一であっても異なっていても、またはポリアニリンであってもポリスチレンであってもよい。]
で示される繰り返し単位を有する少なくとも1つのポリチオフェンを含む少なくとも1つの導電性ポリマーを含むことを特徴とする、透明光学機能層。 - 前記導電性ポリマーが、前記一般式(I)の繰り返し単位を有するポリチオフェンであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の透明光学機能層。
- Aが置換されていてもよいC2〜C3−アルキレン基を表し、かつ、xが0または1を表すことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の透明光学機能層。
- 前記一般式(I)の繰り返し単位を有するポリチオフェンが、ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層。
- ポリマーカルボン酸またはスルホン酸のアニオンであるポリマーアニオンをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層。
- 前記ポリマーアニオンが、ポリスチレンスルホン酸のアニオンであることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の透明光学機能層。
- ASTM E 308と組み合わせたASTM D 1003-00に従って測定される透過率Yが25%以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層。
- 前記基材が、少なくとも1つの導電性ポリマーを含む層の適用前に接着促進剤で処理されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 光学的構造体における、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層の使用。
- 表面上の反射防止層としての、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層の使用。
- エフェクト顔料上のコーティング層としての、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層の使用。
- 表面上の赤外線反射層としての、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層の使用。
- 光学ガラス繊維上のクラッド層としての、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の透明光学機能層の使用。
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JP4660255B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-11 | 2011-03-30 | 帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社 | 導電性フィルム |
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JP2011204402A (ja) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-10-13 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 透明導電層積層基材及びそれを用いたタッチパネル |
JP2012121277A (ja) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-28 | Bridgestone Corp | 熱線遮蔽ガラス、及びこれを用いた複層ガラス |
JP2012128231A (ja) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-07-05 | Bridgestone Corp | 熱線遮蔽フィルム、これを用いた熱線遮蔽ガラス、及び複層ガラス |
JP2012144418A (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-08-02 | Bridgestone Corp | 熱線遮蔽ガラス、及びこれを用いた複層ガラス |
WO2012105213A1 (ja) | 2011-02-03 | 2012-08-09 | ナガセケムテックス株式会社 | 赤外線反射基体 |
WO2017209224A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | 国立大学法人千葉大学 | 金属光沢を備えた物品を製造する方法、並びに、これを用いる金属光沢色用トナー及び印刷方法。 |
US11048182B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2021-06-29 | National University Corporation Chiba University | Method for producing articles having a metallic luster, and toners with a metallic luster using the same and a printing method using the same |
JP2018016581A (ja) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-02-01 | 東ソー株式会社 | チオフェン化合物 |
WO2019150638A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-05 | 2019-08-08 | マクセルホールディングス株式会社 | 透明導電性膜及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1950421A (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
JP5121444B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
TWI368623B (en) | 2012-07-21 |
US20050202251A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
WO2005087836A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
EP1727847A1 (de) | 2006-12-06 |
TW200609265A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
EP1727847B1 (de) | 2010-10-06 |
CN1950421B (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
CA2559146A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
RU2006135688A (ru) | 2008-04-20 |
KR101185666B1 (ko) | 2012-09-24 |
KR20070012362A (ko) | 2007-01-25 |
DE502005010337D1 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
ATE483743T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
DE102004012319A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
RU2378295C2 (ru) | 2010-01-10 |
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