JP2007517067A - スルホアルキルエーテルシクロデキストリンおよびコルチコステロイドを含む吸入製剤 - Google Patents
スルホアルキルエーテルシクロデキストリンおよびコルチコステロイドを含む吸入製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007517067A JP2007517067A JP2006547613A JP2006547613A JP2007517067A JP 2007517067 A JP2007517067 A JP 2007517067A JP 2006547613 A JP2006547613 A JP 2006547613A JP 2006547613 A JP2006547613 A JP 2006547613A JP 2007517067 A JP2007517067 A JP 2007517067A
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- formulation
- sae
- corticosteroid
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- amino
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 170
- -1 sulfoalkyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 title claims description 75
- 229940097362 cyclodextrins Drugs 0.000 title description 57
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 241
- VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N Budesonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(CCC)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 183
- 229960004436 budesonide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 140
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 90
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
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- KEWHKYJURDBRMN-ZEODDXGYSA-M ipratropium bromide hydrate Chemical compound O.[Br-].O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)[N@@+]2(C)C(C)C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 KEWHKYJURDBRMN-ZEODDXGYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- MGNNYOODZCAHBA-GQKYHHCASA-N fluticasone Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)SCF)(O)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O MGNNYOODZCAHBA-GQKYHHCASA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BPZSYCZIITTYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N formoterol Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 BPZSYCZIITTYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WOFMFGQZHJDGCX-ZULDAHANSA-N mometasone furoate Chemical compound O([C@]1([C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@]3(Cl)[C@@]4(C)C=CC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C)C(=O)CCl)C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 WOFMFGQZHJDGCX-ZULDAHANSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
【選択図】図8
Description
C25H34O6、Mw:430.5)はよく知られている。これは、2つの異性体(22Rおよび22S)の混合物として市販されている。ブデソニドは、強力な糖質コルチコイド作用を示す抗炎症性コルチコステロイドである。ブデソニドの投与は、小児の喘息の維持治療のため、また予防治療として指示される。
である粒子を使用する吸入器よりも大きな呼吸性画分を持つべきである。閉塞性肺疾患の患者の場合、すべての粒子は、2から3mcm以下であるのが理想的である。小さな(5mcm未満の)粒子は、肺のより小さな気道内に吸入される可能性が高く、そのため、効能が改善される。対照的に、5mcmよりも大きな粒子は、口および喉に沈着する可能性があり、両方とも、肺に到達する粒子の割合を減らし、口腔カンジダ症および嗄声(発声困難)などの局所的悪影響を引き起こす可能性がある。質量平均空気動力学的直径(MMAD)が1mcmに近い粒子は、3.5mcm以上の直径を有する粒子よりも用量当たり
の呼吸性画分が大きいと考えられる。
のブデソニド粒径)に対する改善は観察されなかった。さらに、ナノ粒子懸濁液の使用に関して、小さな粒子(0.05μm未満)は被験者にアレルギー性反応を誘発する可能性
があるという点で問題が存在する。Sheffield Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(ミズーリ州セントルイス、Kraftら「The Pharmacoki
netics of Nebulized Nanocrystal Budesonide Suspension in Healthy Volunteers」J.Clin.Pharmacol.、(2004年)、44:67〜72頁)は、液体媒体中に分散されたブデソニドのナノ粒子を含む懸濁液ベースの製剤である、UDB(単位用量ブデソニド)の調製および評価を開示している。この製品は、MAP Pharmaceuticals,Inc.(カリフォルニア州マウンテンビュー)により開発されている。
剤は、吸入療法の分野では広く利用されて、そして受け入れられている。PULMICORT(登録商標)懸濁液単位用量製剤、またはより一般的には、コルチコステロイドを含
む懸濁液単位用量製剤の投与を改善する方法を提供することは、この治療分野には非常に有益であろう。
いる。アニオン性スルホブチルエーテル置換基は、親シクロデキストリンの水溶解度を劇的に改善する。さらに、電荷の存在は、ヒドロキシプロピル誘導体と比較して分子がコレステロールと錯体を形成する能力を低下させる。薬剤とCAPTISOL(登録商標)シ
クロデキストリンとの可逆非共有錯体により、水溶液中の薬剤の溶解性および安定性を増大させることができる。CAPTISOL(登録商標)は、比較的新しく知られているシクロデキストリンであるが、噴霧用のコルチコステロイド含有溶液の調製での使用は、まだ評価されていない。
。FK224のC(max)とAUCは両方とも、β−CDの量が増えるにつれて増大することが観察された。血漿プロファイルは、持続性吸収を示した。これらは、β−CDが、FK224の肺吸収を改善することに関する限りきわめて有効な添加剤であることを示唆している。また、さまざまな水溶解度を有するβ−CDまたは誘導体は、経肺吸収を制御する有望な薬剤担体であることも示唆している。
Smaldoneら、J.Aerosol Med.(1998年)、11、113〜125頁 Barryら、J.Allergy Clin.Immunol.(1998年)、320〜321頁 Bergら、J.Aerosol Sci.(1998年)、19(7)、1101〜1104頁 O’Riordan、(Respiratory Care、(2002)、1305〜1313頁 Kellerら、Respiratory Drug Delivery VIII(2002年)、197〜206頁 Kraftら、The Pharmacokinetics of Nebulized Nanocrystal Budesonide Suspension in Healthy Volunteers、J.Clin.Pharmacol.、(2004年)、44:67〜72頁 Brainら、Bronchial Asthma、2nd Ed. Ed.E.B.Weisら、Little Brown & Co.(1985年)、594〜603頁 O’Riordan、Respiratory Care(2002年11月)、47(11)、1305〜1313頁 O’Callaghan、Thorax、(1990年)、45、109〜111頁 Storrら、Arch.Dis.Child(1986年)、61、270〜273頁 Webbら、Arch.Dis.Child(1986年)、61、1108〜1110頁 O’Callaghan、J.Pharm.Pharmacol.(2002年)、54、565〜569頁
水および水の中に懸濁されたコルチコステロイドを含む水性懸濁液製剤を単位用量で提供する工程と、
懸濁液と、コルチコステロイドを可溶化し溶液を形成するのに十分な量のSAE−CDを、そうするのに十分な時間、組み合わせる工程と、
その溶液を被験者に投与する工程とを含み、ここで治療用量のコルチコステロイドを溶液で投与するのに要する時間は、類似の、または他の何らかの形で匹敵する、噴霧条件の下で、懸濁液で同じ治療用量のコルチコステロイドを投与するのに要する時間よりも短い。
州モンテレー)、MICROAIR(商標)(Omron Healthcare,Inc、イリノイ州ヴァーノンヒルズ)、HALOLITE(商標)(Profile Therapeutics Inc、マサチューセッツ州ボストン)、RESPIMAT(商標)(Boehringer Ingelheim Ingelheim、ドイツ)、AERODOSE(商標)(Aerogen,Inc、カリフォルニア州マウンテンビュー)、OMRON ELITE(商標)(Omron Healthcare,Inc、イリノイ州ヴァーノンヒルズ)、OMRON MICROAIR(商標)(Omron Healthcare,Inc、イリノイ州ヴァーノンヒルズ)、MABISMIST(商標)II(Mabis Healthcare,Inc.、イリノイ州レークフォレスト)、LUMISCOPE(商標)6610(The Lumiscope Company,Inc、ニュージャージー州イーストブランズウィック)、AIRSEP MYSTIQUE(商標)(AirSep Corporation、ニューヨーク州バッファロー)、ACORN−1およびACORN−II(Vital Signs,Inc、ニュージャージー州トトワ)、AQUATOWER(商標)(Medical Industries America、アイオワ州アデル)、AVA−NEB(Hudson Respiratory Care Incorporated、カリフォルニア州テメキュラ)、CIRRUS(Intersurgical Incorporated、ニューヨーク州リバプール)、DART(Professional Medical Products、サウスカロライナ州グリーンウッド)、DEVILBISS(商標)PULMO AIDE(DeVilbiss Corp、ペンシルバニア州サマセット)、DOWNDRAFT(商標)(Marquest、コロラド州エングルウッド)、FAN JET(Marquest、コロラド州エングルウッド)、MB−5(Mefar、イタリア、ボベッツオ)、MISTY NEB(商標)(Baxter、カリフォルニア州バレンシア)、SALTER 8900(Salter Labs、カリフォルニア州アービン)、SIDESTREAM(商標)(Medic−Aid、英国サセックス)、UPDRAFT−II(商標)(Hudson Respiratory Care、カリフォルニア州テメキュラ)、WHISPER JET(商標)(Marquest Medical Products、コロラド州エングルウッド)、AIOLOS(商標)(Aiolos Medicnnsk Teknik、スウェーデン、カルルスタード)、INSPIRON(商標)(Intertech Resources,Inc.、イリノイ州バノックバーン)、OPTIMIST(商標)(Unomedical Inc.、テキサス州マッカレン)、PRODOMO(商標)、SPIRA(商標)(Respiratory Care Center、フィンランド、ヘメーンリンナ)、AERx(商標)(Aradigm Corporation、カリフォルニア州ヘーワード)、SONIK(商標)LDI Nebulizer(Evit Labs、カリフォルニア州サクラメント)、およびSWIRLER(登録商標)Radioaerosol System(AMICI,Inc.、ペンシルバニア州スプリングシティー)を含む。これらおよび他の公知のネブライザーはどれも、本発明の製剤を送達するために使用することができ、これらは、限定はされないが以下を含む。噴霧剤を含まない液体製剤を噴霧化するネブライザーは、本明細書で規定している組成物と併用するのに適している。ネブライザーは、例えば、Pari GmbH(ドイツ、シュタルンベルク)、DeVilbiss Healthcare(英国ミドルセックス州ヘストン)、Healthdyne、Vital Signs、Baxter、Allied Health Care、Invacare、Hudson、Omron、Bremed、AirSep、Luminscope、Medisana、Siemens、Aerogen、Mountain Medical、Aerosol Medical Ltd.(英国エセックス州コルチェスター)、AFP Medical(英国ウォリックシャー州ラグビー)、Bard Ltd.(英国サンダーランド)、Carri−Med Ltd.(英国ドーキング)、Plaem Nuiva(イタリア、ブレシア)、Henleys Medical Supplies(英国ロンドン)、Intersurgical(英国バークシャー州)、Lifecare Hospital Supplies(英国リース)、Medic−Aid Ltd.(英国ウェストサセックス州)、Medix Ltd.(英国エセックス州)、Sinclair Medical Ltd.(英国サリー州)、およびその他から入手可能である。
[式中、
nは、4、5、または6であり、
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、およびR9は、それぞれ独立に−O−または−O−(C2−C6アルキレン)−SO3 -基であり、R1からR9の少なくとも1つは独立に−O−(C2−C6アルキレン)−SO3 -基、好ましくは−O−(CH2)mSO3 -基であり、mは2から6、好ましくは2から4であり(例えば、−OCH2CH2CH2SO3 -または−OCH2CH2CH2CH2SO3 -)であり、
S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6、S7、S8、およびS9はそれぞれ独立に例えば、H+、アルカリ金属(例えば、Li+、Na+、K+)、アルカリ土類金属(例えば、Ca+2、Mg+2)、アンモニウムイオン、および(C1−C6)−アルキルアミン、ピペリジン、ピラジン、(C1−C6)−アルカノールアミンおよび(C4−C8)−シクロアルカノールアミンのカチオンなどのアミンカチオンを含む、医薬として許容されるカチオンである]。
002年)、43、213〜221頁)は、スルホアルキルエーテル誘導体化シクロデキストリンを開示している。Shahらの米国特許第6,153,746号では、スルホアルキルエーテルシクロデキストリン誘導体の調製の方法を開示している。SAE−CDは、Stellaら、Parmerterら、Lammersら、またはQuらの開示に従って作ることができ、未誘導体化親シクロデキストリンの大部分(>50%)を取り除くように処理すれば、本発明により使用することができる。SAE−CDは、未誘導体化親シクロデキストリンの0%から50重量%未満までを含むことができる。
り、また酸イオン化剤およびアニオン性誘導体化シクロデキストリンの相溶解度データの分析により、決定することができる。当業者であれば、これらの従来の方法を使用して、化学種間の結合が、主に、非共有イオン結合または包接錯体形成により発生しているかどうかを判別するために溶液中に生じているそれぞれの種類の結合の量を近似することができる。両方の手段により誘導体化シクロデキストリンに結合する酸イオン化剤は、一般に、二相性相溶解度曲線を示す。非共有イオン結合が包接錯体形成よりも優位である条件の下では、包接錯体形成の量(NMRまたは円偏光二色性により測定される)は、これらの条件の下で相溶解度データが化学種間の有意な結合を示すとしても、低下し、さらに、酸イオン化剤の固有溶解度(相溶解度データから決定されるものとして)は、一般に、これらの条件の下で予想される以上に高くなる。
CD、Cyclolab)、および2,6,ジ−o−メチル−β−シクロデキストリン(DM−CD、Fluka)%w/w溶液は、その固有pHで調製されるか、または必要に応じて緩衝化される。スルホアルキルエーテルγ−CDおよびスルホアルキルエーテルα−CD誘導体は、CyDex,Inc.(カンザス州レネクサ)およびカンザス大学(カンザス州ロレンス)から入手した。
液は、Captisol(P5C)5%w/v、γ−CD(P1γCD)1%w/v、およびヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリン(P5HPβCD)5%w/vを含んでいた。それぞれ、すべての試験の少なくとも30分前に調製された。3つの製剤はすべて、無色澄明な溶液であった。(注意:ブデソニドの250mg/mL溶液は、「B」型溶解性挙動を示すのでγ−シクロデキストリンの5%w/v溶液中に作ることはできない)。懸濁液または溶液2mlアリコートを同じPari LC Plusネブライザーセットアップに入れ、放出液滴内のブデソニドの量を決定するためにフィルター上に集め、HPLCを使用してブデソニドを測定した。以下の表に示されているように、全アウトプット率(μg回収ブデソニド/スパッター時間)は、それぞれの懸濁液または溶液に対するものである。
。複数回使用する製剤は、実際には、コルチコステロイドの2つ以上の単位用量を含む。単回の単位用量アリコートを複数回使用する単位用量製剤から取り出し、その単回の単位用量を典型的には1ずつ被験者に投与する。その結果、SAE−CD約10から500mgを、固体形態であるにせよ、液体担体に溶解されているにせよ、懸濁液1ml毎に加え、それによってコルチコステロイドの相当部分を溶解し、複数回使用する単位用量液体製剤を形成し、その後これを単回の単位用量アリコートで被験者に投与する。
る。
%w/v=[(%w/w×勾配)+y−切片]×%w/w
により%w/vで表された濃度に容易に変換することができるが、ただし、勾配および切片の値は、表の中の密度データの直線回帰から決定される。例えば、上記の式を使用することにより、40%w/wのCAPTISOL溶液は、約48.3%w/vのCAPTI
SOL溶液に相当する。
ネブライザーの近似的な許容上限レベルであると同定されたが、ただし「許容」は、噴霧時間およびアウトプット率に悪影響を及ぼす可能性のある、過剰な粘度を発生することなく使用できるSBE7−β−CDの上限濃度と定義される。SAE−CDの濃度に対する実用上の上限は、ネブライザーの形式により変動する。ネブライザーで使用する液体製剤中のSAE−CDの許容上限濃度は、誘導体のDS、スルホアルキル官能基のアルキル鎖の長さ、および/またはSAE−CDのCD環の大きさによって変動する場合がある。
5から約5ミクロンまでの範囲である。液滴が気道の下側領域、すなわち肺胞および終末細気管支に到達するのが望まれる場合、好ましい粒径範囲は、約0.5から約2.5ミクロンである。液滴が上気道に到達するのが望まれる場合、好ましい粒径範囲は、2.5ミク
ロンから5ミクロンである。
1)レバルブテロールなどのβ2−アゴニストまたは臭化イパトロピウム(ipatropium)などの抗コリン剤のすぐに使用できる溶液を、SAE−CD中のコルチコステロイドのすぐに使用できる溶液と混合する。
2)β2−アゴニストまたは抗コリン剤のすぐに使用できる溶液を、SAE−CDを使用して溶解したコルチコステロイドの濃縮溶液と混合する。
3)β2−アゴニストまたは抗コリン剤のすぐに使用できる溶液を、実質的に乾燥しているSAE−CDおよび実質的に乾燥しているコルチコステロイドと混合する。
4)β2−アゴニストまたは抗コリン剤のすぐに使用できる溶液を、SAE−CDおよ
びコルチコステロイドの実質的に乾燥している混合物と、またはより便利に、カプセルなどのユニットコンテナ内の予め測定された量の混合物と混合する(カプセルをすぐに使用できる溶液内に空ける)。
5)ブデソニドなどのコルチコステロイドのすぐに使用できる溶液を、実質的に乾燥している長時間作用型もしくは短時間作用型β2−アゴニストと、および/または臭化イパトロピウムもしくは臭化チオトロピウムなどの実質的に乾燥している抗コリン剤と混合する。
6)実質的に乾燥しているβ2−アゴニスト、ならびに/または実質的に乾燥している抗コリン剤および実質的に乾燥しているSAE−CD、それに加えて、実質的に乾燥しているコルチコステロイドを溶解する。
酸))、MOPSO(3−(N−モルホリノ)−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸)、BISTRIS PROPANE(1,3−ビス(トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチルアミノ)プロパン)、BES(N,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−2−アミノエタンスルホン酸)、MOPS(3−(N−モルホリノ)プロパンスルホン酸)、TES(N−トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル−2−アミノエタンスルホン酸)、HEPES(N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン−N’−(2−エタンスルホン酸)、DIPSO(3−(N,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アミノ)−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸)、MOBS(4−(N−モルホリノ)−ブタンスルホン酸)、TAPSO(3−(N−トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチルアミノ)−2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸)、TRIZMA(商標)(トリス(ヒドロキシメチルアミノメタン)、HEPPSO(N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン−N’−(2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸)、POPSO(ピペラジン−N,N’−ビス(2−ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸))、TEA(トリエタノールアミン)、EPPS(N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン−N’−(3−プロパンスルホン酸)、TRICINE(N−トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチルグリシン)、GLY−GLY(グリシルグリシン)、BICINE(N,N−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)グリシン)、HEPBS(N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン−N’−(4−ブタンスルホン酸))、TAPS(N−トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル−3−アミノプロパンスルホン酸)、AMPD(2−アミノ−2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール)、および/または当業者に公知の他の緩衝剤を含む。
エステル、ヒマシ油の重縮合脂肪酸のポリグリセロールエステル、脂肪酸のプロパン−1,2−ジオールエステル、ステアロイル−2−乳酸ナトリウム、ステアロイル−2−乳酸カルシウム、ステアロイルタルトレート、モノステアリン酸ソルビタン、トリステアリン酸ソルビタン、モノラウリン酸ソルビタン、モノオレイン酸ソルビタン、モノパルミチン酸ソルビタン、キラヤ抽出物、大豆油の二量化脂肪酸のポリグリセロールエステル、酸化的に重合された大豆油、およびペクチン抽出物を含む。
本発明による例示的な製剤は、以下の一般的手順に従って作られた。
シクロデキストリンを水(または緩衝液)に溶解して、既知の濃度のシクロデキストリンを含む溶液を形成した。この溶液を、混合しながら、場合によっては加熱しながら、固体、懸濁液、ゲル、液体、ペースト、粉末、または他の形態の活性物質と混合し、吸入可能溶液を形成した。
既知の量の実質的に乾燥しているシクロデキストリンを、既知の量の実質的に乾燥している活性物質と混合した。液体をこの混合物に加えて、混合しながら、場合によっては加熱しながら、場合によっては1つまたはそれ以上の他の賦形剤が存在するときに、懸濁液、ゲル、溶液、シロップまたはペーストを形成し、吸入可能溶液を形成した。
既知の量の実質的に乾燥しているシクロデキストリンを、混合しながら、場合によっては加熱しながら、場合によっては1つまたはそれ以上の他の賦形剤が存在するときに、既知の量の活性物質を含む懸濁液、ゲル、溶液、シロップまたはペーストに加え、吸入可能溶液を形成した。
SBE7−β−CDおよびブデソニドを含む噴霧溶液のMMDは、以下のように決定した。
貯蔵されている液体から定期的に引き出されるアリコートのHPLCクロマトグラフィによりSAE−CDを含む液体製剤の安定性を決定した。
コーンプレート粘度計を使用して、SAE−CDを含む水溶液の粘度を測定した。
以下の一般的手順に従って、SAE−CD濃度の関数としてのネブライザーアウトプット率を測定した。
ブデソニドを含む吸入可能溶液の調製。
クエン酸緩衝液3mMおよびNaCl 82mMを含むpH4.45の緩衝液を調製した。CAPTISOL約12.5グラムを250ml容量フラスコ内に入れた。ブデソニド約62.5mgを同じフラスコに入れた。フラスコをクエン酸緩衝液3mM/NaCl溶液82mMの体積にした。フラスコをボルテクサーで10分間よく混ぜ、10分間超音波処理した。磁気攪拌機でフラスコを週末に攪拌した。約62時間後に攪拌を止め、再びそれぞれ10分間フラスコを激しく攪拌し、超音波処理した。0.22μm Durapore Millex−GV Milliporeシリンジフィルターユニットを通して溶液を濾過した。最初の数滴を捨ててから、溶液の濾過の残り部分を、テフロン(登録商標)でライニングされたネジ蓋付きのアンバーグラスジャーに入れた。試料濃度は、約237μg/mlであった。
ブデソニドを含む吸入可能溶液の調製。
CAPTISOL約5グラムを100ml容量フラスコ内に入れた。ブデソニド約26.3mgを同じフラスコに入れた。フラスコをクエン酸緩衝液3mM/NaCl溶液82mMの体積にした。混合液をボルテクサーで10分間よく混ぜ、10分間超音波処理した。磁気攪拌機で混合液を一晩攪拌した。約16時間後に攪拌を止め、再びそれぞれ10分間フラスコを激しく攪拌し、超音波処理した。0.22μm Durapore Millex−GV Milliporeシリンジフィルターユニットを通して溶液を濾過した。最初の5滴を捨ててから、溶液の濾過の残り部分を、テフロンでライニングされたネジ蓋付きのアンバーグラスジャーに入れた。試料は、233μg/mlのブデソニドであると分析された。
ブデソニドを含む吸入可能溶液の調製。
12.5gのCAPTISOL、62.5mgのブデソニド、および約250mlの緩衝液を用いた以外は、実施例7の手順に従った。十分なEDTA二ナトリウムを加えて、EDTA濃度約0.01または0.05%wt/vEDTAを有する溶液を調製した。
PULMICORT RESPULES懸濁液から調製されるようなSAE−CDおよびブデソニドを含む溶液の調製。
方法A
Pulmicort Respulesの1つまたはそれ以上の容器の内容物に対し(懸濁液公称2mL)、CAPTISOL約50mg(水分について補正)をRespuleの1mL毎に加え、数分間よく混ぜるか、振った。約30分間から数時間の間放置後、インビトロ特徴付けの場合のように溶液を使用した。ブデソニドおよび水に加えて、PULMICORT RESPULE(懸濁液)は、さらに、ラベルごとに、活性物質に以下のもの:クエン酸、クエン酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、EDTA二ナトリウム、およびポリソルベート80も含む。
CAPTISOL(水分について補正)約200mgの量を計って2−ドラムアンバーバイアルに入れた。CAPTISOLの計量した量を含むそれぞれのバイアル内に、変形可能プラスチック容器を軽く押しつぶして最後の1滴まで絞り出すことにより2つのPulmicort Respules容器の中身(0.5mg/2mL、Lot#308016Feb05)を空けた。Respulesはすでに回転させ、ブデソニド粒子を再懸濁させてあった。バイアルはネジ蓋付きであり、ボルテックスで激しく混合し、次いでホイルで包んだ。この材料は、使用するまで冷蔵庫に保管しておくことができる。
濃縮物Bを無水ベースで5%w/vのCAPTISOLを含むpH4.5の食塩クエン酸緩衝液(塩化ナトリウム109mMを含む4mM)で1対4に希釈した。0.22μm Millipore Durapore Millex−GVシリンジフィルターユニットを通して希釈濃縮物を濾過した。濾過された溶液をHPLCでアッセイし、次いでpH4.5の食塩クエン酸緩衝液(塩化ナトリウム82mMを含む3mM)で必要に応じてさらに希釈し、最終溶液濃度を約250μg/mL(±<5%)にした。この手法は、溶液を飽和させるために使用される過剰固体ブデソニドを利用した。
目視検査または計測器で溶液の澄明度を測定した。肉眼による目視検査では、澄明溶液は少なくとも澄明であった。
以下の方法を使用して、図10a〜10bに従い、ネブライザーから放出された噴霧組成物の性能を決定した。
SBE7−β−CDがある場合とない場合のブデソニドの溶液を2つの異なるpH(4および6)で調製し、2つの異なる温度(60℃および80℃)で保管した。クエン酸50mMおよびクエン酸ナトリウム溶液(三塩基性、二水和物)50mMの異なる部分を混合することによりそれぞれのpH値のクエン酸塩緩衝剤(50mM)を調製した。正確な測定を行うのに十分なSBE7−β−CDなしで緩衝液中のブデソニドの濃度を得るために、まず、ブデソニドを100%エチルアルコールに溶解した。次いでエタノール/ブデソニドのアリコートを攪拌しつつ1滴ずつそれぞれの緩衝液に加えた。理論的ブデソニド濃度は、100μg/mlであり、最終エタノール含有量はそれぞれの緩衝液中で5%であった。ブデソニドを伴うすべての溶液の調製および手順は、赤色光で照らした暗室内で行った。溶液を24時間振った後、両方の緩衝液をMillipore Millex−GV 0.22μmシリンジフィルターに通して濾過し、溶液から沈殿した固体(有意な量は観察されなかった)を取り除いた。最終的なブデソニド濃度は約50μg/mLであった。pH4および6の溶液の両方を2つに分けて、固体SBE7−β−CDを一方の部分に加え、それぞれのpHで1%w/vのSBE7−β−CDがある場合とない場合の溶液を作成した。それぞれの溶液を等分して個々のアンバーバイアルに入れた。次いで、60℃および80℃のオーブンに入れた。試料バイアルをオーブンから取り出して、0、96、164、および288時間でHPLCにより分析した。HPLCアッセイ条件を以下にまとめた。
(Hou、S.、Hindle、M.、およびByron、P.R.A.Stability−Indicating HPLC Assay Method for Budesonide. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis、2001年、24:371から380頁から適合)
SAE−CD、ブデソニド、および硫酸アルブテロールを含む併用溶液の調製および使用。
実施例9(SAE−CDをPULMICORT RESPULES懸濁液と混合する)に従ってブデソニド溶液を調製し、硫酸アルブテロールとして提供される2.5mgのアルブテロール(アルブテロール塩基の世界保健機関推奨名は、サルブタモールである)を含む溶液3mlに加えた。アルブテロール溶液は、事前希釈で市販されており、PROVENTIL(登録商標)Inhalation Solution(0.083%)という名前で販売されているか、または市販の濃縮物0.5%(吸入用にPROVENTIL(登録商標)Solutionという名前で、またVENTOLIN(登録商標)Inhalation Solutionという名前で販売されている)から調製した。
SAE−CD、ブデソニド、および硫酸アルブテロール、またはレバルブテロールHCL(Xopenex)を含む併用溶液の調製および使用。
以下のようにクエン酸緩衝剤(3mM pH4.5)を調製した。1つの100ml容量フラスコでクエン酸約62.5mgを水に溶解し、水を入れてその体積にした。もう1つの100ml容量フラスコでクエン酸ナトリウム約87.7mgを水に溶解し、水を入れてその体積にした。ビーカー内で、クエン酸ナトリウム溶液をクエン酸溶液に加え、pHを約4.5にした。
SAE−CD、ブデソニド、およびホルモテロール(FORADIL(登録商標)(フマル酸ホルモテロール吸入粉末)を含む併用溶液の調製および使用。
乳糖25mgとブレンドされた12mcgのフマル酸ホルモテロールを含む1カプセルの内容物をバイアルに空けて、そこに、前の実施例で説明されているように調製された3mMのクエン酸緩衝液(pH4.5)3mLを加えた。バイアルの内容物を激しく攪拌して、存在する固形物を溶解した。前の実施例で説明されているようにブデソニド濃縮物を調製し、濃度を約1mg/mLとした。約1mlのブデソニド溶液をフマル酸ホルモテロール緩衝化溶液に加えた。その結果得られる溶液は、光を遮った室温条件で少なくとも1ヶ月間本質的に澄明のままであった。
投薬形態の噴霧投与の前後に、被験者に対しガンマシンチグラフィー分析を実施することにより本発明による投薬形態の臨床評価を行った。
後に決定されたスパッター時間の分数(すなわち、25% TTS、50% TTS、および75% TTS)として表される投与の長さにより制御された。同じ濃度のブデソニドが短時間の間に噴霧されるとしても、ボランティアの肺に到達する薬剤の量は、研究の複数の区間の1つに対する基準懸濁液と本質的に同じであると予想された。ボランティアへの投薬の完了直後に、ガンマカメラを使用してシンチグラフィー像を得た。
コルチコステロイド誘導体の可溶化におけるさまざまな形態のSAE−CDの比較評価。
CAPTISOLおよびさまざまなSBEnγ−CDを含む溶液中のジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン(BDP)、17−モノプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン(B17P)、21−モノプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン(B21P)、およびベクロメタゾン(非エステル化)の溶解度を評価した。BDP、B17P、およびB21Pは、Hovioneから入手した。ベクロメタゾンは、Spectrum Chemicalsから入手した。CAPTISOL、SBE(3.4)γ−CD、SBE(5.23)γ−CD、およびSBE(6.1)γ−CDは、CyDex,Inc.(カンザス州レネクサ)が提供した。γ−CDは、Wacker Chemical Co.から入手した。SBE(5.24)γ−CDおよびSBE(7.5)γ−CDは、カンザス大学から提供された。
23)γ−CDの溶液を0.04および0.08Mでのみ調製した。ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾンは、予想溶解度を超える量だけ計量して2−ドラムのテフロンでライニングされたネジ蓋付きバイアル内に直接入れた。これらの量では、典型的に、約2mg/mLの固体が得られた。次いで、それぞれのバイアルは、適切なCD溶液2mLを受け入れた(N=1)。バイアルを激しく攪拌し、約10分間超音波処理し、固形物を流体で濡らすのを助けた。次いで、バイアルをアルミホイルで包んで光から保護し、ラブクエーク上に置いて5日間で平衡させた。
SAE−CD、ブデソニド、およびフマル酸ホルモテロールを含む併用溶液の調製および使用。
フマル酸ホルモテロール乾燥粉末をCaptisol乾燥粉末と混合したが、両方とも、質量比12mcgフマル酸ホルモテロール/100mg Captisolで含有量一様になるように適切なサイズにした。単位用量のフマル酸ホルモテロールに対応する粉末ブレンドの量を後で使用するためのHPMCカプセルなどの適当な単位用量容器に入れるか、または直接、単位用量のPulmicort Respulesブデソニド吸入用懸濁液(500mcg/2mL)に加え、次いで、混合して、すべての固体の溶解を行い(澄明溶液)、投与用のネブライザーリザーバ内に入れた。
SAE−CD、ブデソニド、および臭化イプラトロピウムを含む併用溶液の調製および使用。
ブデソニド溶液を実施例9に従って調製し、市販されており、ATROVENT(登録商標)Inhalation Solution Unit Doseという名称で販売されている臭化イプラトロピウム溶液に加えた。ATROVENT(登録商標)(臭化イプラトロピウム)吸入用溶液は、1日3回から4回に分けて、6時間から8時間間隔の投薬で経口噴霧投与される500mcg(1単位用量バイアル)である。ATROVENT(登録商標)吸入用溶液単位用量バイアルは、塩酸で3.4(3から4)にpH調整された2.5mlの無菌保存剤不使用等張食塩水中に500mcgの無水臭化イプラトロピウムを含んでいる。さらに、適切な用量のコルチコステロイドを含む体積を、上記の実施例(ブデソニド濃縮物約1mg/mL)で説明されているように4倍減らして、全体積を小さくし、投与時間をそれに応じて短縮することができる。
Claims (24)
- 有効量のコルチコステロイド、SAE−CD、および水性液体媒体を含み、SAE−CDが貯蔵時にコルチコステロイドを溶解し安定化するのに十分な量で存在する吸入可能な液体製剤。
- β2−アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト、ドーパミン(D2)受容体アゴニスト、局所麻酔剤、抗コリン剤、IL−5阻害剤、IL−5のアンチセンス調節剤、ミルリノン(1,6−ジヒドロ−2−メチル−6−オキソ−[3,4’−ビピリジン]−5−カルボニトリル)、乳酸ミルリノン、トリプターゼ阻害剤、タキキニン受容体アンタゴニスト、ロイコトリエン受容体アンタゴニスト、5−リポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤、および抗−IgE抗体からなる群から各場合において独立に選択される1種またはそれ以上の治療薬をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- β2−アドレナリン受容体アゴニストが、アルブテロール(α1−(((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)メチル)−4−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ベンゼンジメタノール);バンブテロール(ジメチルカルバミン酸5−(2−((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)−1−ヒドロキシエチル)−1,3−フェニレンエステル);ビトルテロール(4−メチル安息香酸4−(2−((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)−1−ヒドロキシエチル)−1,2−フェニレンエステル);ブロキサテロール(3−ブロモ−α−(((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)メチル)−5−イソオキサゾールメタノール);イソプロテレノール(4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−((1−メチルエチル−)アミノ)エチル)−1,2−ベンゼン−ジオール);トリメトキノール(1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−1−((3,4,5−トリメトキシフェニル)−メチル)−6,7−イソキノリンジオール);クレンブテロール(4−アミノ−3,5−ジクロロ−α−(((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)メチル)ベンゼンメタノール);フェノテロール(5−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−((2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1−メチルエチル)アミノ)エチル)−1,3−ベンゼンジオール);ホルモテロール(2−ヒドロキシ−5−((1RS)−1−ヒドロキシ−2−(((1RS)−2−(p−メトキシフェニル)−1−メチルエチル)アミノ)エチル)ホルムアニリド);(R,R)−ホルモテロール;デスホルモテロール((R,R)または(S,S)−3−アミノ−4−ヒドロキシ−α−(((2−(4−メトキシフェニル)−1−メチル−エチル)アミノ)メチル)ベンゼンメタノール);ヘキソプレナリン(4,4’−(1,6−ヘキサン−ジイル)−ビス(イミノ(1−ヒドロキシ−2,1−エタンジイル)))ビス−1,2−ベンゼンジオール);イソエタリン(4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−((1−メチルエチル)アミノ)ブチル)−1,2−ベンゼンジオール);イソプレナリン(4−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−((1−メチルエチル)アミノ)エチル)−1,2−ベンゼンジオール);メタ−プロテレノール(5−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−((1−メチルエチル)アミノ)エチル)−1,3−ベンゼンジオール);ピクメテロール(4−アミノ−3,5−ジクロロ−α−(((6−(2−(2−ピリジニル)エトキシ)ヘキシル)−アミノ)メチル)ベンゼンメタノール);ピルブテロール(α6−(((1,1−ジメチルエチル)−アミノ)メチル)−3−ヒドロキシ−2,6−ピリジンメタノール);プロカテロール(((R*,S*)−(±)−8−ヒドロキシ−5−(1−ヒドロキシ−2−((1−メチルエチル)アミノ)ブチル)−2(1H)−キノリン−オン);レプロテロール((7−(3−((2−(3,5−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−2−ヒドロキシエチル)アミノ)−プロピル)−3,7−ジヒドロ−1,3−ジメチル−1H−プリン−2,6−ジオン);リミテロール(4−(ヒドロキシ−2−ピペリジニルメチル)−1,2−ベンゼンジオール);サルブタモール((±)−α1−(((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)メチル)−4−ヒドロキシ−1,3−ベンゼンジメタノール);(R)−サルブタモール;サルメテロール((±)−4−ヒドロキシ−α1−(((6−(4−フェニルブトキシ)ヘキシル)−アミノ)メチル)−1,3−ベンゼンジメタノール);(R)−サルメテロール;テルブタリン(5−(2−((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)−1−ヒドロキシエチル)−1,3−ベンゼンジオール);ツロブテロール(2−クロロ−α−(((1,1−ジメチルエチル)アミノ)メチル)ベンゼンメタノール);およびTA−2005(8−ヒドロキシ−5−((1R)−1−ヒドロキシ−2−(N−((1R)−2−(4−メトキシフェニル)−1−メチルエチル)アミノ)エチル)カルボスチリル塩酸塩)からなる群から選択される請求項2に記載の製剤。
- ドーパミン(D2)受容体アゴニストが、アポモルヒネ((r)−5,6,6a,7−テトラヒドロ−6−メチル−4H−ジベンゾ[de,glキノリン−10,11−ジオール);ブロモクリプチン((5’α)−2−ブロモ−12’−ヒドロキシ−2’−(1−メチルエチル)−5’−(2−メチルプロピル)エルゴタマン−3’,6’,18−トリオン);カベルゴリン((8β)−N−(3−(ジメチルアミノ)プロピル)−N−((エチルアミノ)カルボニル)−6−(2−プロペニル)エルゴリン−8−カルボキサミド);リスリド(N’−((8−α−)−9,10−ジデヒドロ−6−メチルエルゴリン−8−イル)−N,N−ジエチル尿素);ペルゴリド((8−β−)−8−((メチルチオ)メチル)−6−プロピルエルゴリン);レボドーパ(3−ヒドロキシ−L−トリロシン);プラミペキソール((s)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−N6−プロピル−2,6−ベンゾチアゾールジアミン);塩酸キンピロール(trans−(−)−4aR−4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9−オクタヒドロ−5−プロピル−1H−ピラゾロ[3,4−g]キノリン塩酸塩);ロピニロール(4−(2−(ジプロピルアミノ)エチル)−1,3−ジヒドロ−2H−インドール−2−オン);およびタリペキソール(5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ−6−(2−プロペニル)−4H−チアゾロ[4,5−d]アゼピン−2−アミン)からなる群から選択される請求項2に記載の製剤。
- 抗コリン剤が、臭化イプラトロピウム、臭化オキシトロピウム、硝酸メチルアトロピン、硫酸アトロピン、イプラトロピウム、ベラドンナエキス、スコポラミン、臭化メチルスコポラミン、臭化メチルホマトロピン、ヒヨスチアミン、イソプリオプラミド、オルフェナドリン、塩化ベンザルコニウム、臭化チオトロピウム、および臭化グリコピロニウムからなる群から選択される請求項2に記載の製剤。
- 局所麻酔剤が、リドカイン、N−アリールアミド、アミノアルキルベンゾエート、プリロカイン、およびエチドカインからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の製剤。
- コルチコステロイドが、アルドステロン、ベクロメタゾン、ベタメタゾン、ブデソニド、シクレソニド、クロプレドノール、コルチゾン、コルチバゾール、デオキシコルトン、デソニド、デスオキシメタゾン、デキサメタゾン、ジフルオロコルトロン、フルクロロロン、フルメタゾン、フルニソリド、フルオシノロン、フルオシノニド、フルオコルチンブチル、フルオロコルチゾン、フルオロコルトロン、フルオロメトロン、フルランドレノロン、フルチカゾン、ハルシノニド、ヒドロコルチゾン、イコメタゾン、メプレドニゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、モメタゾン、パラメタゾン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、ロフレポニド、RPR 106541、チクソコルトール、トリアムシノロン、およびそれぞれの医薬として許容される誘導体からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の製剤。
- コルチコステロイド誘導体が、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、モノプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、21−イソニコチン酸デキサメタゾン、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、イコメタゾンエンブテート、21−ピバル酸チクソコルトール、およびトリアムシノロンアセトニドからなる群から選択される請求項7に記載の製剤。
- コルチコステロイドが、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、ブデソニド、フルニソリド、プロピオン酸フルチカゾン、フランカルボン酸モメタゾン、およびトリアムシノロンアセトニドからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の製剤。
- SAE−CDが、コルチコステロイドの少なくとも90%を可溶化するのに十分な量で存在する請求項1に記載の製剤。
- SAE−CDが、コルチコステロイドの少なくとも95%を可溶化するのに十分な量で存在する請求項1に記載の製剤。
- SAE−CDがコルチコステロイドを十分に可溶化するのに十分な量で存在することにより、溶液製剤が5質量%未満の固体コルチコステロイドを含む実質的に澄明な溶液になる請求項11に記載の製剤。
- コルチコステロイド対SAE−CDのモル比が、約1:1〜約1:10,000までの範囲である請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 溶液製剤が、従来の保存剤、酸化防止剤、緩衝剤、酸性化剤、可溶化剤、着色剤、錯化促進剤、食塩水、電解質、他の治療薬、アルカリ化剤、等張化剤、表面張力調整剤、粘度調整剤、密度調整剤、揮発度調整剤、消泡剤、矯味矯臭剤、甘味料、親水性ポリマー、またはそれらの組み合わせをさらに含む請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 溶液製剤の貯蔵寿命が少なくとも6ヶ月間である請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 水以外の液体担体をさらに含む請求項1に記載の製剤。
- SAE−CDを21.5±5質量/質量%未満又は約21.5±5質量/質量%含む請求項1に記載の製剤。
- SAE−CDが、コルチコステロイドの少なくとも50質量%を溶解するのに十分な量で存在する請求項1に記載の製剤。
- SAE−CDが、液体製剤1ml当たり約10〜約500mgの濃度で液体製剤中に存在する請求項1に記載の製剤。
- その他の点では類似の条件下で作用するコルチコステロイド/HP−β−CD含有溶液を充填した同じネブライザーよりも、全体として小さな液滴を発生するようにネブライザーの性能を変更する方法であって、HP−β−CDをSAE−CDで置き換え、そしてネブライザーを動作させ、それにより吸入可能な液滴の割合を増やし、そしてHP−β−CDで得られる場合に比べて肺浸透を深くする工程を含む方法。
- コルチコステロイドを可溶化するのに十分な量でSAE−CDを組成物中に含めて吸入可能なコルチコステロイド含有水溶液を形成し、そしてネブライザーを使用して患者に該溶液を吸入により投与する段階を含み、該溶液と共に患者に治療有効量のコルチコステロイドを供給するのに要する時間が、懸濁液および溶液がその他の点では類似の噴霧条件下で投与されるときに、同じ量または濃度のコルチコステロイドを含むコルチコステロイド含有懸濁液と共に治療有効量のコルチコステロイドを患者に供給するのに要する時間に比べて短縮される、ネブライザーを使用するコルチコステロイド含有組成物の吸入により治療有効量のコルチコステロイドを患者に供給するのに要する時間を短縮する方法。
- シクロデキストリンが、式1:
nは、4、5、または6であり、
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、およびR9は、それぞれ独立に−O−または−O−(C2−C6アルキレン)−SO3 -基であり、R1〜R9の少なくとも1つは独立に−O−(C2−C6アルキレン)−SO3 -基、−O−(CH2)mSO3 -基であり、mは2〜6(−OCH2CH2CH2SO3 -または−OCH2CH2CH2CH2SO3 -)であり、そして
S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6、S7、S8、およびS9は、それぞれ独立に薬剤として許容されるカチオンである]の化合物である請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の発明。 - シクロデキストリンが、「x」が1〜18までの範囲である式II(SAEx−α−CD)、「y」が1〜21までの範囲である式III(SAEy−β−CD)、または「z」が1〜24までの範囲である式IV(SAEz−γ−CD)の化合物であり、「SAE」は、スルホアルキルエーテル置換基を表し、値「x」、「y」、および「z」は、CD分子1個当たりのスルホアルキルエーテル基の個数に関する平均置換度を表す請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の発明。
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