JP2007503121A - 高出力密度熱電システム - Google Patents
高出力密度熱電システム Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
- F25B21/04—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/02—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effects; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effects
- F25B2321/021—Control thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B33/00—Boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2002年8月23日に出願された米国特許出願公開第10/227,398号明細書の一部継続出願であり、2001年2月9日に出願された米国特許仮出願第60/267,657号明細書に関連し、その出願日の利益を主張する2001年4月27日に出願された米国特許第6,539,725号明細書の継続出願である2003年3月31日に出願された米国特許出願公開第10/405,001号明細書の一部継続出願である。
式中、qCOPTは最適な冷却熱出力であり、
IOPTは最適な電流であり、
αはゼーベック係数であり、
Rはシステムの電気抵抗であり、
Kはシステムの熱伝導率であり、
ΔTは、高温側と低温側の温度差であり、
TCは低温側の温度である。さらに、非特許文献2によれば、
である。式中、
Zは材料の熱電性能指数であり、
TAVEは高温側温度および低温側温度の平均である。
式中、λはN型材料およびP型材料の平均熱伝導率であり、
ACは素子の面積であり、
Lは各素子の長さである。
である。式中、ρTEはTE素子の固有平均抵抗であり、
ROCはTE材料の抵抗であり、
RPCは寄生抵抗である。
これは、代表的なTE対を示す図1Cを参照することによって分かる。複数の寄生損失が生じる場合には、うまく設計されたTEの場合の最大の損失の1つは、シャント106から生じる。TE素子102当たりのシャント106の抵抗は約
である。式中、GCはTE素子間の間隙である。
BCはTE素子とシャントの奥行きである。
WCはTE素子とシャント幅である。
TCはシャント厚さである。
PSCはシャントの抵抗率である。
である。式中、LCはTE素子長さである。したがって、式(7)および(8)を(6)に用いると、
である。
である。尚、
であることから
である。式中、
TBはシャントの厚さであり、
LBはTE素子の長さであり、
PSBはシャントの抵抗率であり、
BBはTE素子およびシャントの使用中の奥行きであり、
WBはTE素子およびシャントの使用中の幅である。
(14)φC=φB
またはBに式(9および12)を用いて、
今日の代表的な熱電モジュールの場合には、
であり、
と仮定すると、
である。
(20)VC=ACLC
(21)VB=ABLB
であり、
したがって、これらの仮定によって、TE材料の1/41が必要とされる。この実質的な電位の減少は、行われる仮定の正確さのために十分に実現されない可能性があるが、それでも用いられるTE材料の量、引いてはコストおよびサイズも減少する際にきわめて有利である場合がある。
Claims (34)
- 複数の熱電モジュールと、
複数の第1の熱伝達装置および第2の熱伝達装置と、を備え、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは少なくとも2つの熱電モジュール同士の間に挟まれ、前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは少なくとも2つの熱電モジュール同士の間に挟まれ、第1の熱伝達装置および第2の熱伝達装置を交互に配置した熱電モジュールの少なくとも1つのスタックを形成し、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかおよび前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかが異なる方向において前記少なくとも1つのスタックから突出し、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかおよび前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかが作動媒体の移動方向において熱絶縁を提供するように配置される熱電システム。 - 前記スタックに電気的に接続される電流源をさらに備え、電流が前記熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかおよび熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかに直列に流れる請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱伝達装置は、前記熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかを前記熱電モジュールの別の少なくともいくつかから熱絶縁される請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記作動媒体は、作動流体を含む請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、複数の熱交換器素子を有する熱交換器である請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、シャント部分から電気的に絶縁され、かつシャント部分に熱接触される電極部分から構成される請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかは、熱電素子を備える請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱電素子は、交互に配置されるP型熱電素子およびN型熱電素子を備える請求項7に記載の熱電システム。
- 作動媒体の移動方向は、第1のスタックから第2のスタックへの方向である請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 作動媒体の移動方向は一般に、前記少なくとも1つのスタックの方向である請求項1に記載の熱電システム。
- 複数の熱電モジュールと、
複数の第1の熱伝達装置および第2の熱伝達装置と、を備え、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは少なくとも2つの熱電モジュール同士の間に挟まれ、前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは少なくとも2つの熱電モジュール同士の間に挟まれ、第1の熱伝達装置および第2の熱伝達装置を交互に配置した熱電モジュールの少なくとも1つのスタックを形成し、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかおよび前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかが前記少なくとも1つのスタックから離れる方向に突出し、前記第1の熱伝達装置および前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいずれかが少なくとも1つの媒体を収容し、前記媒体が液体および/または固体である熱電システム。 - 前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかおよび前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、異なる方向において前記少なくとも1つのスタックから突出する請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは第1の媒体を収容し、前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは第2の媒体を収容し、前記第1の媒体が液体および/または固体であり、前記第2の媒体は、液体、固体、気体または液体、固体および気体の任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の媒体は液体であり、前記第2の媒体は気体である請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの媒体は移動し、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかまたは前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、前記少なくとも1つの媒体の移動方向において熱絶縁を提供するように配置される請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記スタックに電気的に接続される電流源をさらに備え、前記電流が前記熱伝達装置および熱電モジュールを通って流れる請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかはP型熱電素子を備え、前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかはN型熱電素子を備え、前記熱伝達装置は前記P型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかを前記N型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかから熱絶縁する請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの媒体は、移動作動媒体である請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの熱伝達装置は、熱交換器素子を有する熱交換器である請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、シャント部分から電気的に絶縁され、かつシャント部分に熱接触される電極部分から構成される請求項11に記載の熱電システム。
- 複数の熱電モジュールを備え、前記熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかが高い出力密度動作を与えるようなサイズであり、
複数の第1の熱伝達装置および複数の第2の熱伝達装置を備え、前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかが前記熱電モジュールの少なくとも2つの間に挟まれ、前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかが前記熱電モジュールの少なくとも2つの間に挟まれ、熱電モジュールのスタック構成を形成し、前記第1の熱伝達装置および前記第2の熱伝達装置が交互に配置されている熱電システム。 - 前記複数の熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかはN型熱電素子であり、前記熱電モジュールの少なくともいくつかはP型熱電素子である請求項21に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記N型熱電素子またはP型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかは5ミクロン〜1.2ミリメートルの厚さであり、前記熱電素子の電流方向における長さに対する面積の比が比較的大きい請求項22に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記比が、約6対1である請求項23に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記N型熱電素子またはP型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかは、20ミクロン〜300ミクロンの厚さである請求項23に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記N型熱電素子またはP型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかは、20ミクロン〜200ミクロンの厚さである請求項23に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記N型熱電素子またはP型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかは、20ミクロン〜100ミクロンの厚さである請求項23に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記N型熱電素子またはP型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかは、100ミクロン〜600ミクロンの厚さである請求項23に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかまたは前記第2の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、作動流体の流れる方向において熱絶縁を提供するように配置される請求項21に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記スタックに電気的に接続される電流源をさらに備え、電流が前記熱伝達装置および熱電モジュールを通って直列に流れる請求項21に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱伝達装置は、前記P型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかを前記N型熱電素子の少なくともいくつかから熱絶縁する請求項22に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは移動作動流体を収容する請求項21に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、内部に熱交換器素子を有するハウジングを備える熱交換器である請求項32に記載の熱電システム。
- 前記第1の熱伝達装置の少なくともいくつかは、シャント部分から電気的に絶縁され、かつシャント部分に熱接触される電極部分から構成される請求項21に記載の熱電システム。
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US10/642,773 | 2003-08-18 | ||
US10/642,773 US6959555B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2003-08-18 | High power density thermoelectric systems |
PCT/US2004/026757 WO2005020340A2 (en) | 2003-08-18 | 2004-08-17 | High power density thermoelectric systems |
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JP2007503121A true JP2007503121A (ja) | 2007-02-15 |
JP4994034B2 JP4994034B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
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EP (1) | EP1665402B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4994034B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100456507C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005020340A2 (ja) |
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JP2013126369A (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 車用熱電発電機 |
JP2014514904A (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-06-19 | ユーリ・フェリコヴィッチ・ヴェルニコフスキー | 熱電クラスター、それを動作させるための方法、それに基づく熱電駆動部、発電機(変形)およびヒートポンプ(変形)に前記クラスターでの能動素子を接続するためのデバイス |
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JP2014514904A (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-06-19 | ユーリ・フェリコヴィッチ・ヴェルニコフスキー | 熱電クラスター、それを動作させるための方法、それに基づく熱電駆動部、発電機(変形)およびヒートポンプ(変形)に前記クラスターでの能動素子を接続するためのデバイス |
JP2013126369A (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-24 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | 車用熱電発電機 |
CN109314172A (zh) * | 2016-03-22 | 2019-02-05 | 金瑟姆股份有限公司 | 具有非均匀热传递特性的分布式热电材料 |
JP2019513303A (ja) * | 2016-03-22 | 2019-05-23 | ジェンサーム インコーポレイテッドGentherm Incorporated | 不均一な熱伝達特性による分散型サーモエレクトリクス |
Also Published As
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WO2005020340A2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
US20040076214A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
US7587902B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
US6959555B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
CN100456507C (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
JP4994034B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
WO2005020340A3 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
US20050263177A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
US8079223B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
US20100031988A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
EP1665402A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
EP1665402B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
CN1849714A (zh) | 2006-10-18 |
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