JP2005328528A - デジタル像符牒の処理方法及びシステム - Google Patents
デジタル像符牒の処理方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【構成】 デジタル表示と、プリント又はフィルムとの両方において可視像内に符牒を埋め込む方法及びシステムが提供される。符牒は、可視像内に分離不能に埋め込まれ、サイズ変更や、プリント又はフィルムへの変換そしてデジタル形態への再変換のような像変換を行っても存続する。オリジナル像のピクセルの中から符牒ポイントを選択し、符牒ポイント及びそのまわりのピクセルのピクセル値をデジタルスキャナで検出し得る量だけ調整し、この調整された符牒ポイントがデジタル符牒を形成し、これが、像から派生した当該像を後で識別するために記憶される。符牒は、ピクセル値の連続スペースにおいて相対的に極端な値を探索しそしてそれらの中から符牒ポイントを選択することによって像内に埋め込まれる。
【選択図】 図1
Description
26A 26B 26C 26D 26E26F 26G
小さな近隣 7.67 10.56 12.89 14.11 13.11 11.56 10.0
大きな近隣 8.76 10.56 12.0 12.52 12.52 11.36 9.8
平均の差 -1.09 0.0 0.89 1.59 0.59 0.2 0.2
ピクセル26Aないし26Gによると、ピクセル26Dに相対的な最大があり、その平均の差1.59は、その行において検査した他のピクセルに対する平均の差より大きい。ピクセル26Dが単なる小さな変動ではなくて相対的な最大であるかどうかを判断するためには、その平均の差を、大きなエリアにおいてそれを取り巻いているピクセルに対する平均の差と比較しなければならない。
12 コンピュータ
14 ディスプレイモニタ
16 キーボード
18 マウス
20 デジタルスキャナ
22 プリンタ
23 記憶媒体
24 デジタル像
26 ピクセル
Claims (33)
- ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、ソース信号は、各々2進値を有するデジタルデータ値より成り、上記方法は、符牒の各ビットに対し、
上記ビットをソース信号の少なくとも1つのデータ値へとマップし、
上記ソース信号データ値の値を符牒のビットに基づいて変化させ、そして
少なくとも2つの隣接するソース信号データ値の値も符牒の上記ビットに基づいて変化させ、
ソース信号に対する変化はデータ値のグループにおいて行って、符牒が埋め込まれたソース信号の劣化に良く耐える、符牒のソース信号への頑丈な埋め込みを生じさせることを特徴とする方法。 - ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、ソース信号は、各々2進値を有するデータ値より成り、上記方法は、符牒の各ビットに対し、ソース信号データ値の値をそれに基づいて変化させる段階を含む方法において、ランダム関数を使用して、符牒の上記ビットがソース信号の上記値を変化させるところのソース信号内の位置をランダム化することを特徴とする方法。
- ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、ソース信号は像データを表し、上記方法は、
ソース信号内の複数の位置のデータ隠匿特性を評価し、そして
データ隠匿特性の悪い位置を回避して、ソース信号内に符牒を埋め込み、
符牒は、それがあまり目立たないところで埋め込まれることを特徴とする方法。 - ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、ソース信号は像データを表し、上記方法は、
所定のデータ隠匿属性を有するソース信号の部分を識別し、そして
上記部分の少なくともあるところでソース信号を変化させて、そこに符牒の埋め込みを行い、
符牒は、それがあまり目立たないところで埋め込まれることを特徴とする方法。 - ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも2であり、ソース信号は像を表しそして複数のピクセルを含み、上記方法は、
像内の複数の符牒ポイントピクセルを擬似ランダムに識別し、
上記符牒ポイントピクセルの選択された第1グループに対して、上記ピクセル及びそれに関連した領域内のピクセルの値を増加し、そして
上記符牒ポイントピクセルの、上記第1グループとは異なる第2グループに対して、上記ピクセル及びそれに関連した領域内のピクセルの値を減少し、
上記符牒ポイント及びそれに関連した領域におけるピクセル値の上記選択された増加及び減少は、その後の識別のために像をマークするように働くことを特徴とする方法。 - 符牒を埋め込むために像をマークする方法であって、その複数のポイントで像を変化させる段階を含む方法において、像に対するある変更を拘束すべきところの境界領域を画成し、この境界領域は、像全体より小さく、そして上記領域内でのみ上記ある変化を生じさせることを特徴とする方法。
- 符牒を埋め込むために像をマークする方法であって、その複数のポイントで像を変化させる段階を含む方法において、像はピクセルより成り、そして変化を生じさせるところでピクセルをランダムに選択する段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 符牒を埋め込むために像をマークする方法であって、その複数のポイントで像を変化させる段階を含む方法において、像はピクセルより成り、上記変化は、各々の上記ポイントで符牒ピクセルの値を増加又は減少させ、更に、上記符牒ピクセルに隣接する各ピクセルの値を増加又は減少させて、それに隣接する符牒ピクセルの変化に対応させることを特徴とする方法。
- 符牒を埋め込むために像をマークする方法であって、符牒は、上記像を後で識別し易くするものであり、上記方法は、
上記像の複数の符牒ポイントをランダムに選択し、
上記ランダムに選択された符牒ポイントの第1サブセット、及びそのランダムに選択された符牒ポイントを取り巻くポイントにおいて像の値を増加させ、
上記ランダムに選択された符牒ポイントの第2サブセット、及びそのランダムに選択された符牒ポイントを取り巻くポイントにおいて像の値を減少させるという段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ポイントとして表された像を処理する方法であって、各ポイントはパラメータ値を有し、上記方法は、
像内の複数のポイントを識別し、
第1グループの上記識別されたポイント各々のパラメータ値を増加すると共に、各ポイントを取り巻く第1区分のポイントのパラメータ値も増加させ、そして
第2グループの上記識別されたポイント各々のパラメータ値を減少すると共に、各ポイントを取り巻く第2区分のポイントのパラメータ値も減少させるという段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 像にデータを埋め込む装置において、
ピクセルの順序付けされたセットとして像を記憶するためのコンピュータメモリを備え、各ピクセルは、ピクセルパラメータ値を有し、
更に、像内の複数のポイントを識別する手段と、
第1グループの上記識別されたポイント各々のパラメータ値を増加すると共に、その各ポイントを取り巻く第1区分のポイントのパラメータ値も増加するための像変更手段とを備え、
上記像変更手段は、更に、第2グループの上記識別されたポイント各々のパラメータ値を減少すると共に、その各ポイントを取り巻く第2区分のポイントのパラメータ値も減少することを特徴とする装置。 - オリジナルソース信号を処理して、Nビットの符牒を隠して埋め込んだソース信号を形成する方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、オリジナルソース信号は、各々パラメータ値を有する複数のエレメントを含む表示を有し、上記方法は、上記エレメントのパラメータ値を変化させて、符牒をそこに埋め込み、そして上記変化の大きさを上記パラメータ値に基づいてスケーリングする段階を含み、大きなパラメータ値を有するソース信号表示のエレメントは、小さなパラメータ値を有するソース信号表示のエレメントより相対的に大きく変化されることを特徴とする方法。
- 第2データの複数のエレメントにより表わされた著作物内のNビットの第1データを埋め込む方法であって、Nは、少なくとも1であり、各エレメントは、ある値を有し、上記方法は、第1データの各ビットに対して、
ランダム関数を含むプロセスにより上記ビットを第2データの少なくとも1つのエレメントへとマップし、そして
第2データの上記少なくとも1つのエレメントの値を変化させ、
著作物に対する上記変化は、本質的に人間に分からないものであることを特徴とする方法。 - ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、上記方法は、
ソース信号内の複数の位置のデータ隠匿特性を評価し、そして
データ隠匿特性の悪い位置を回避して、ソース信号内に符牒を埋め込み、
符牒は、それがあまり目立たないところで埋め込まれ、そして上記埋め込みは、本質的に人間に分からないような僅かなソース信号の変化を生じさせることを特徴とする方法。 - データのセットで表された像内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、上記方法は、
上記データセットの異なる部分のデータ隠匿特性を評価し、そして
データ隠匿特性の悪い部分を回避して、データセットに符牒を埋め込み、
符牒は、それがあまり目立たないところで埋め込まれ、そして上記埋め込みは、本質的に人間に分からないような僅かな像の変化を生じさせることを特徴とする方法。 - データのセットで表された像内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、上記方法は、
所定のデータ隠匿属性を有するデータセットの部分を識別し、そして
上記部分の少なくとも幾つかにおけるデータのセットを変化させて、そこに符牒の埋め込みを行い、
符牒は、それがあまり目立たないところで埋め込まれ、そして上記埋め込みは、本質的に人間に分からないような僅かな像の変化を生じさせることを特徴とする方法。 - ソース信号内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも1であり、上記方法は、
所定のデータ隠匿属性を有するソース信号の部分を識別し、そして
上記部分の少なくとも幾つかにおけるソース信号を変化させて、そこに符牒の埋め込みを行い、
符牒は、それがあまり目立たないところで埋め込まれ、そして上記埋め込みは、本質的に人間に分からないような僅かなソース信号の変化を生じさせることを特徴とする方法。 - ピクセル値をもつピクセルを有するオリジナル像に符牒を埋め込む方法であって、上記方法は、
オリジナル像のピクセルの中から複数の候補ポイントを探索し、
上記候補ポイントの中から第1の複数の符牒ポイントを選択し、
オリジナル像内の符牒ポイントのピクセル値を調整することにより符牒を形成し、これにより、符牒と、符牒を形成するように調整されなかったオリジナル像のピクセル値とを含む符牒付けされた像を形成し、そして
上記符牒を将来の識別のためにデータベースにデジタルで記憶する、
という段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ピクセル値をもつピクセルを有するオリジナル像について像符牒を処理する方法において、
オリジナル像のピクセルの中から第1の複数の符牒ポイントを選択し、
オリジナル像内の符牒ポイントのピクセル値を調整することにより符牒を形成し、これにより、符牒と、符牒を形成するように調整されなかったオリジナル像のピクセル値とを含む符牒付けされた像を形成し、そして
上記符牒を将来の識別のためにデータベースにデジタルで記憶する、
という段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ピクセル値をもつピクセルを有するオリジナル像に符牒を埋め込む方法において、
オリジナル像内の相対的に極端なピクセル値を探索し、
オリジナル像のピクセルの中から第1の複数の符牒ポイントを選択し、該選択は、パターンに基づいてその極端なピクセル値を有するピクセルの中から符牒ポイントを選択することを含み、
オリジナル像内の符牒ポイントのピクセル値を調整することにより符牒を形成し、これにより、符牒と、符牒を形成するように調整されなかったオリジナル像のピクセル値とを含む符牒付けされた像を形成し、そして
上記符牒を将来の識別のために記憶する、
という段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ピクセル値をもつピクセルを有するオリジナル像について像符牒を処理する方法において、
オリジナル像のピクセルの中から第1の複数の符牒ポイントを選択し、
オリジナル像内の符牒ポイントのピクセル値を調整することにより符牒を形成し、これにより、符牒と、符牒を形成するように調整されなかったオリジナル像のピクセル値とを含む符牒付けされた像を形成し、そして
上記符牒を将来の識別のために記憶する、
という段階を含み、上記オリジナル像には境界エリアがあり、値が調整されるピクセルが、この境界エリア内に存在しないように、該ピクセルを選択することを特徴とする方法。 - ピクセル値をもつピクセルを有するオリジナル像について像符牒を処理する方法において、
オリジナル像のピクセルの中から第1の複数の符牒ポイントを選択し、
オリジナル像内の符牒ポイントのピクセル値を調整することにより符牒を形成し、これにより、符牒と、符牒を形成するように調整されなかったオリジナル像のピクセル値とを含む符牒付けされた像を形成し、
上記符牒を将来の識別のために記憶し、そして
符牒ポイントを取り巻く複数のピクセル値を調整して、符牒ポイントにおける調整されたピクセル値への滑らかな移行を与える、
という段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - ピクセル値をもつピクセルを有するオリジナル像について像符牒を処理する方法において、
オリジナル像のピクセルの中から第1の複数の符牒ポイントを選択し、
オリジナル像内の符牒ポイントのピクセル値を調整することにより符牒を形成し、これにより、符牒と、符牒を形成するように調整されなかったオリジナル像のピクセル値とを含む符牒付けされた像を形成し、
上記符牒を将来の識別のために記憶し、そして
デジタルの当該像が、符牒を形成するように調整されたピクセル値を有する符牒付けされた像を構成するか又はそこから派生されたかを分析するという段階を含み、この分析段階は、当該像の正規化を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 埋め込まれたデータが実質的に分からないようにデジタル像内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも2であり、符牒の各ビットは、第1又は第2の値を有し、
デジタル像は、ピクセルの行及び列として与えられ、各ピクセルは、少なくとも輝度値及びそれに関連したカラー値を有し、
上記埋め込み動作は、データ隠匿属性に対してピクセルの複数のM行xM列領域を分析し、そして分析結果に基づいて埋め込むことを含み、
上記埋め込み動作は、上記ピクセルの少なくともあるピクセルに対し輝度値の増加を生じ、そして
上記埋め込み動作は、上記ピクセルの少なくとも他のピクセルに対し輝度値の減少を生じさせることを特徴とする方法。 - 5≦M≦10である請求項24に記載の方法。
- 埋め込まれたデータが実質的に分からないようにデジタル像内にNビットの符牒を埋め込む方法であって、Nは少なくとも2であり、符牒の各ビットは、第1又は第2の値を有し、デジタル像はピクセルの行及び列として表示するように与えられる方法において、埋め込み動作は領域に基づいて行なわれ、各領域は、M個の隣接するピクセル行及びM個の隣接するピクセル列にわたり、Mは少なくとも5であることを特徴とする方法。
- デジタル像に符牒を埋め込む方法において、
複数のピクセルで構成された上記デジタル像を用意し、上記ピクセル各々は、少なくとも1つのカラーの輝度を表す輝度データを含み、そして
上記ピクセルの少なくとも1つに関連した上記輝度データを所定のパーセンテージ変化で調整することを特徴とする方法。 - オリジナル輝度を有する複数のオリジナルデータ値を含むデジタル像に符牒を埋め込んだ、埋め込み符牒を有する像を発生する方法において、
複数の符牒値を含むデジタル符牒を用意し、各符牒値は、パーセンテージ調整を有すると共に、上記オリジナルデータ値との対応関係を有し、そして
各々の上記オリジナルデータ値の上記オリジナル輝度に、符牒が見えないところの上記符牒値の対応する1つの上記パーセンテージ調整を乗算することにより、埋め込み符牒を有する像を形成する、
という段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 符牒をデジタル像に埋め込む方法において、
デジタルのオリジナル像を用意し、
デジタルの符牒を用意し、そして
デジタル符牒を埋め込んだ際にオリジナル像のピクセルの色度を変化させることなく、オリジナル像に符牒を重畳することにより、符牒を埋め込んだ像を形成する、という段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - オリジナル像にデジタル符牒を埋め込む方法において、オリジナル像のピクセル値の輝度のパーセンテージを調整してオリジナル像に符牒を入れる段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 符牒をデジタル像に埋め込むシステムにおいて、
デジタルのオリジナル像と、デジタルの符牒が記憶された記憶装置と、
符牒を埋め込んだ際にオリジナル像の色度を変化させることなく、オリジナル像に符牒を重畳することにより符牒を埋め込んだ像を形成する手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とするシステム。 - 複数のビットコードを埋め込むために著作物にマーキングする方法において、上記著作物は、複数のデータエレメントのセットとして与えられ、上記方法は、個々のデータエレメントの値だけでなく、その隣接データエレメントの属性にも基づいて、上記マーキングを行うために変更されるべきデータエレメントを選択し、上記隣接データエレメントは、実質的に非均一な値を有するデータエレメントより成ることを特徴とする方法。
- データ変更の明らかな痕跡を残さずに著作物にマーキングする方法において、上記著作物は、複数のデータエレメントのセットにより与えられ、上記方法は、第1の複数のビットデータを与え、この第1の複数のビットデータから、それに対応する付加的なエラー修正データを計算し、そして上記データエレメントの少なくともあるエレメントの値を、上記第1データ及びエラー修正データより成る複合データに基づいて変更する段階を含むことを特徴とする方法。
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1997
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1998
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