IT1256566B - Procedimento e apparecchiatura per controllare la concentrazione della sorgente di carbonio in una coltura aerobica di un microorganismo - Google Patents
Procedimento e apparecchiatura per controllare la concentrazione della sorgente di carbonio in una coltura aerobica di un microorganismoInfo
- Publication number
- IT1256566B IT1256566B ITMI913198A ITMI913198A IT1256566B IT 1256566 B IT1256566 B IT 1256566B IT MI913198 A ITMI913198 A IT MI913198A IT MI913198 A ITMI913198 A IT MI913198A IT 1256566 B IT1256566 B IT 1256566B
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- culture
- carbon source
- microorganism
- concentration
- feeding
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/32—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of substances in solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/26—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/08—Lysine; Diaminopimelic acid; Threonine; Valine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/822—Microorganisms using bacteria or actinomycetales
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/948—Microorganisms using viruses or cell lines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
La presente invenzione riguarda un metodo per controllare la concentrazione della sorgente di carbonio nella coltura erobica di un microrganismo. La sorgente di carbonio di substrato rimane ad un livello basso nel recipiente di coltura durante l'alimentazione della coltura in colture aerobiche ad alimentazione discontinua, continua oppure continua con riciclo di cellule. Ciò viene realizzato controllando l'aumento del pH oppure del contenuto in ossigeno disciolto nel mezzo di coltura e aggiungendo la soluzione di alimentazione a intervalli in un recipiente di coltura in corrispondenza di una portata di alimentazione calcolata impiegando un dispositivo di controllo dell'alimentazione controllato da un computer. La presente invenzione riguarda inoltre un procedimento per produrre L-lisina mediante fermentazione il quale procedimento ha vantaggi rispetto ai metodi precedenti, questi vantaggi essendo una migliorata produttività, maggiori concentrazioni di prodotti accumulato e rese aumentate di L-lisina.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP33968790 | 1990-11-30 | ||
JP12699291A JP3074781B2 (ja) | 1991-03-12 | 1991-03-12 | 発酵法によるl−リジンの製造法 |
JP27793891A JP2932791B2 (ja) | 1990-11-30 | 1991-10-24 | 微生物好気培養における炭素源濃度の制御方法及び装置 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ITMI913198A0 ITMI913198A0 (it) | 1991-11-29 |
ITMI913198A1 ITMI913198A1 (it) | 1993-05-29 |
IT1256566B true IT1256566B (it) | 1995-12-11 |
Family
ID=27315443
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI913198A IT1256566B (it) | 1990-11-30 | 1991-11-29 | Procedimento e apparecchiatura per controllare la concentrazione della sorgente di carbonio in una coltura aerobica di un microorganismo |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5912113A (it) |
BE (1) | BE1008008A3 (it) |
BR (1) | BR9105208A (it) |
FR (2) | FR2669935B1 (it) |
IT (1) | IT1256566B (it) |
MY (1) | MY121534A (it) |
Families Citing this family (61)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4130868C2 (de) * | 1991-09-17 | 1994-10-13 | Degussa | Tierfuttermittelsupplement auf der Basis einer Aminosäure und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US5342763A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1994-08-30 | Genentech, Inc. | Method for producing polypeptide via bacterial fermentation |
JP3812019B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-21 | 2006-08-23 | 味の素株式会社 | 連続発酵によるl−グルタミン酸の製造法 |
EP0952212A1 (de) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-27 | Rohner AG | Verfahren zur aeroben Kultivierung von Mikroorganismen |
US6284453B1 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-09-04 | Steven Anthony Siano | Method for controlling fermentation growth and metabolism |
AR026743A1 (es) * | 1999-12-09 | 2003-02-26 | Pharmacia Ab | Produccion de peptidos |
SE9904502D0 (sv) * | 1999-12-09 | 1999-12-09 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Ab | Production of peptides |
JP4362959B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-24 | 2009-11-11 | 味の素株式会社 | 塩基性アミノ酸の製造方法 |
WO2002064729A2 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-22 | Gadi Steiner | Methods of controlling microorganism fermentation |
US6955892B2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2005-10-18 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Feeding processes for fermentation |
US20040115304A1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-06-17 | Frank Dubner | Feesdstuffs additives containing L-lysine with improved abrasion resistance, and process for their production |
EP1649033A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-04-26 | Degussa AG | Process for the preparation of l-threonine |
EP1649031A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-04-26 | Degussa AG | Process for the preparation of l-threonine |
WO2005014841A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-17 | Degussa Ag | Process for the preparation of l-threonine |
DE102004029639A1 (de) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-24 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von L-Threonin |
WO2005021774A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-10 | Degussa Ag | Process for the preparation of l-lysine |
WO2005021772A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-10 | Degussa Ag | Process for the preparation of l-lysine |
WO2005021773A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-10 | Degussa Ag | Process for the preparation of l-lysine |
WO2005021771A2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-10 | Degussa Ag | Process for the production of l-lysine |
KR100677952B1 (ko) | 2004-08-13 | 2007-02-05 | 한국생명공학연구원 | 재조합 단백질 생산을 위한 재조합 숙주 세포의 배양방법 |
CN101111602B (zh) * | 2004-10-07 | 2012-07-04 | 味之素株式会社 | 生产碱性物质的方法 |
JP2009153382A (ja) | 2006-03-30 | 2009-07-16 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | メタノール資化性細菌を用いたカルボン酸の製造法 |
MX284139B (es) | 2006-05-26 | 2011-02-18 | Amyris Biotechnologies Inc | Produccion de isoprenoides. |
EP2041262A4 (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2012-07-18 | Abb Research Ltd | METHOD FOR ONLINE LINE OPTIMIZATION OF A FED BATCH FERMENTATION UNIT FOR MAXIMIZING PRODUCT LIFE |
JP2010017082A (ja) | 2006-10-10 | 2010-01-28 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
JP2010110216A (ja) | 2007-02-20 | 2010-05-20 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸または核酸の製造方法 |
JP2010110217A (ja) | 2007-02-22 | 2010-05-20 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸生産菌及びl−アミノ酸の製造法 |
CN101939412B (zh) | 2007-09-04 | 2016-01-20 | 味之素株式会社 | 生产氨基酸的微生物以及氨基酸的生产方法 |
DE102008002210A1 (de) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur fermentativen Herstellung von Erythropoietin |
JP2012029565A (ja) | 2008-11-27 | 2012-02-16 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
EP2382320B1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2018-04-18 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Process for producing l-amino acids employing bacteria of the enterobacteriacea family in a culture medium with controlled glycerol concentration |
US8679782B2 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2014-03-25 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Production of triacylglycerides, fatty acids, and their derivatives |
JP2013074795A (ja) | 2010-02-08 | 2013-04-25 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | 変異型rpsA遺伝子及びL−アミノ酸の製造法 |
US8889400B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2014-11-18 | Pond Biofuels Inc. | Diluting exhaust gas being supplied to bioreactor |
US8969067B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2015-03-03 | Pond Biofuels Inc. | Process for growing biomass by modulating supply of gas to reaction zone |
US20120156669A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2012-06-21 | Pond Biofuels Inc. | Biomass Production |
US8940520B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2015-01-27 | Pond Biofuels Inc. | Process for growing biomass by modulating inputs to reaction zone based on changes to exhaust supply |
US11512278B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2022-11-29 | Pond Technologies Inc. | Biomass production |
JP2014036576A (ja) | 2010-12-10 | 2014-02-27 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
DE102010063033B4 (de) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-10-24 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | Verfahren zur Inbetriebnahme eines Messgeräts |
US20120276633A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2012-11-01 | Pond Biofuels Inc. | Supplying treated exhaust gases for effecting growth of phototrophic biomass |
US9534261B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-01-03 | Pond Biofuels Inc. | Recovering off-gas from photobioreactor |
US20160046900A1 (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2016-02-18 | Roquette Freres | Microalgal biomass protein enrichment method |
FR3008991B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-26 | 2016-11-04 | Roquette Freres | Procede de fermentation de chlorelles en mode discontinu alimente par apports sequentiels et automatises en glucose |
JP2016527912A (ja) | 2013-08-23 | 2016-09-15 | ロケット フレールRoquette Freres | 酸素アベイラビリティを制御することによる「オフノート」なしの脂質に富む微細藻類バイオマスからの粉末の工業的製造方法 |
BR112016008830B1 (pt) | 2013-10-23 | 2023-02-23 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc | Método para produzir uma substância alvo |
CA3010666A1 (fr) | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | Corbion Biotech, Inc. | Procede d'enrichissement en proteines de la biomasse de microalgues |
JP2019062742A (ja) | 2016-02-24 | 2019-04-25 | 味の素株式会社 | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
EP3415622A1 (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-19 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Method for production of fine chemicals using a corynebacterium secreting modified alpha-1,6-glucosidases |
EP3456833A1 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-20 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-amino acids |
EP3467099A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-10 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-amino acids |
EP3498853A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-19 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-lysine |
EP3594355A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-15 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-lysine |
EP3599282B1 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2021-03-17 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-lysine |
RU2019128538A (ru) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-03-11 | Эвоник Оперейшенс ГмбХ | Способ ферментативного получения l-лизина |
CN111099740B (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2022-06-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种化能自养微生物培养过程的补料控制方法 |
EP3660158A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-03 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-lysine |
CN111349573B (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2022-11-18 | 中粮生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种酵母菌的高密度发酵方法 |
CN112746030B (zh) * | 2019-10-30 | 2023-02-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种硝化细菌的培养方法 |
WO2023041425A1 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-23 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Method for the fermentative production of l-lysine using c. glutamicum strains expressing modified gluconate repressor proteins gntr1 and gntr2 |
EP4497818A1 (en) | 2023-07-25 | 2025-01-29 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Method for the fermentative production of l-lysine using c. glutamicum strains expressing heterologous nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase pntab |
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US3002894A (en) * | 1958-11-14 | 1961-10-03 | Vogelbusch Gmbh | Method and device for controlling the growth of microbial cultures |
US3010881A (en) * | 1959-12-14 | 1961-11-28 | Vogelbusch Gmbh | Method and apparatus for controlling the growth of microbial cultures |
JPS4744183B1 (it) * | 1969-10-27 | 1972-11-08 | ||
FR2092686A1 (en) * | 1970-06-08 | 1972-01-28 | Inst Biosinteza | Automatic control device - for biosynthesis processes by microorganisms |
US3941662A (en) * | 1971-06-09 | 1976-03-02 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | Apparatus for culturing cells |
US3926738A (en) * | 1972-05-10 | 1975-12-16 | Wilson John D | Method and apparatus for control of biochemical processes |
US3857757A (en) * | 1972-11-30 | 1974-12-31 | Gen Electric | Means for the oxygen/temperature control of aerobic fermentations |
DE2308087A1 (de) * | 1973-02-19 | 1974-08-22 | Kellner Maximilian Dipl Braur | Fermentationsverfahren |
US4073692A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1978-02-14 | Ciaccio Leonard L | Method and apparatus for automated measurement of energy oxygen |
JPS521091A (en) * | 1975-12-01 | 1977-01-06 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | Process for preparing amino acids |
DE2657209A1 (de) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-06-22 | Bender & Hobein Gmbh | Biokulturverfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner ausuebung |
RO72660A2 (ro) * | 1977-12-30 | 1982-09-09 | Intreprinderea De Antibiotice,Ro | Procedeu de obtinere a l-lizinei |
US4411991A (en) * | 1980-10-07 | 1983-10-25 | Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Company, Limited | Process for fermentative production of amino acids |
DD268834A3 (de) * | 1983-06-03 | 1989-06-14 | Ve Forschungszentrum Biotechno | Verfahren zur fermentativen herstellung von l-lysin |
US4680267A (en) * | 1985-03-01 | 1987-07-14 | New Brunswick Scientific Company, Inc. | Fermentor control system |
DD254214A1 (de) * | 1985-07-02 | 1988-02-17 | Jenapharm Veb | Verfahren zur ermittlung des prozesszustandes bei fermentationsprozessen nach dem fed-batch prinzip unter substratlimitation |
US5316905A (en) * | 1986-09-29 | 1994-05-31 | Suzuki Shokan Co., Ltd. | Culture medium supplying method and culture system |
DD287271A5 (de) * | 1989-08-22 | 1991-02-21 | Akademie Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr,De | Verfahren fuer die kontinuierliche fermentation |
BE1004508A3 (nl) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-12-01 | Organic Waste Systems Nv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het bepalen van de aerobe biologische afbreekbaarheid. |
-
1991
- 1991-11-29 IT ITMI913198A patent/IT1256566B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1991-11-29 BE BE9101098A patent/BE1008008A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-29 MY MYPI91002222A patent/MY121534A/en unknown
- 1991-11-29 FR FR9114851A patent/FR2669935B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-29 BR BR919105208A patent/BR9105208A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-02-27 FR FR9202315A patent/FR2676234B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-08-04 US US08/905,713 patent/US5912113A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-11-17 US US09/192,565 patent/US6025169A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2676234A1 (fr) | 1992-11-13 |
FR2676234B1 (fr) | 1996-12-20 |
ITMI913198A0 (it) | 1991-11-29 |
BR9105208A (pt) | 1992-07-21 |
FR2669935B1 (fr) | 1996-08-02 |
BE1008008A3 (fr) | 1995-12-12 |
FR2669935A1 (fr) | 1992-06-05 |
US5912113A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
ITMI913198A1 (it) | 1993-05-29 |
MY121534A (en) | 2006-02-28 |
US6025169A (en) | 2000-02-15 |
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