ES2693770T3 - Procedimiento de creación de un material resistente al desgaste - Google Patents

Procedimiento de creación de un material resistente al desgaste Download PDF

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ES2693770T3
ES2693770T3 ES13743866.9T ES13743866T ES2693770T3 ES 2693770 T3 ES2693770 T3 ES 2693770T3 ES 13743866 T ES13743866 T ES 13743866T ES 2693770 T3 ES2693770 T3 ES 2693770T3
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matrix material
mold
wear
substrate
resistant
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Srinivasarao Boddapati
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Esco Group LLC
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Esco Group LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/16—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C22C33/0271—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5% with only C, Mn, Si, P, S, As as alloying elements, e.g. carbon steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/025—Particulate layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/107—Ceramic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12042—Porous component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12389—All metal or with adjacent metals having variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/12403—Longitudinally smooth and symmetrical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12479—Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
    • Y10T428/24537—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24521—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
    • Y10T428/24545—Containing metal or metal compound
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y10T428/24997—Of metal-containing material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Un procedimiento que comprende: la colocación de un molde (12) próximo a una superficie de un sustrato (10), de tal modo que la superficie esté en comunicación con una cavidad del molde (12); la fijación del molde (12) al sustrato (10) mediante soldadura o soldadura con bronce; la colocación de un material resistente al desgaste poroso (15) en el interior de la cavidad (11), en estrecha proximidad de la superficie (14); la colocación de un material de matriz metálico (16) en comunicación con la cavidad (11), en donde el material de matriz comprende hierro dúctil; el calentamiento del molde (12) y el material de matriz (16) hasta una temperatura por encima del punto de fusión del material de matriz (16) y el mantenimiento de la temperatura por encima del punto de fusión durante un tiempo suficiente para que el material de matriz (16) se infiltre en el material resistente al desgaste en forma fundida y en contacto con la superficie (14) del sustrato (10); y el enfriamiento el molde (12) y el material de matriz para solidificar el material de matriz y formar un recubrimiento compuesto resistente al desgaste (18) que comprende el material resistente al desgaste (15) incorporado en el interior del material de matriz unido al sustrato (10) y al molde (12).

Description

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provisto de ranura alguna o bien otro relieve para el material duro. Como se ve en la figura 20, la cáscara 314 se extiende suavemente alejándose de la banda de conformación 320, definiendo una cavidad 350 entre el sustrato 312 y la cáscara 314. La cavidad 350 define un grosor resultante del recubrimiento (no representado) unido al sustrato 312 y la geometría interior de la cáscara 314 define una última geometría exterior de la pieza terminada.
La cáscara de plancha de metal ligera 314 como se representa en las figuras 19 - 20 se puede mover rápidamente para una alineación precisa en un sustrato y entonces soldarla al sustrato, sin tener en cuenta la mayor parte de las orientaciones del sustrato. La cáscara de metal delgada es fácil de fijar de forma fiable al sustrato subyacente por soldadura o soldadura con bronce a alta temperatura, sin la necesidad de sujeción o fijaciones y la junta creada es hermética al fluido incluso a las altas temperaturas requeridas para la soldadura o la soldadura con bronce por infiltración. En cualquier tipo de infiltración de revestimiento con metal duro por infiltración que implique moldes, el material de soldadura con bronce de metal fundido debe permanecer en el interior del molde. Con las cáscaras de metal delgadas de la presente revelación, se consigue una fijación fiable al sustrato sin sujeciones o fijaciones adicionales. El conjunto resultante por lo tanto se coloca más fácilmente en un horno para la soldadura con bronce por infiltración, permitiendo una facilidad sustancialmente mayor de infiltración de revestimiento con metal duro de artículos pesados.
Se comprenderá que diversas características de los sistemas 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 descritas antes en este documento y representadas en las figuras, así como variaciones de las mismas, se pueden combinar e intercambiar dentro del ámbito de la presente invención. De forma similar, cualquiera de las técnicas de los procedimientos descritos antes en este documento, o variaciones de los mismos, se puede utilizar en conexión con cualquiera de los sistemas 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 descritos antes.
Las figuras 10 -11 ilustran microfotografías de material compuesto 18 formado utilizando un sistema similar al sistema 100 de la figura 4 y utilizando un procedimiento como se ha descrito antes en este documento. Las figuras 10 - 11 ilustran un material de relleno de WC de fundición esférica 15 rodeado por un material de matriz de hierro dúctil 16. El material de matriz 16 incluye nódulos de grafito 25, lo cual es característico del hierro dúctil. Como se ve en las figuras 10 - 11 las formas esféricas de la mayoría de las partículas de WC 15 se han conservado, indicando una mínima reacción o disolución del material de relleno 15 con el material de matriz fundido 16. La figura 11 ilustra la interfaz 26 entre el material compuesto 18 y el material de matriz en exceso 19.
Los recubrimientos compuestos producidos según los sistemas y los procedimientos descritos en este documento presentan una resistencia al desgaste y una tenacidad excelentes. En un ejemplo, se prepararon muestras utilizando un sistema similar al sistema 100 de la figura 4 y utilizando un procedimiento como ha sido descrito antes en este documento, utilizando fundición esférica de WC, fundición triturada de WC y WC cementado con una matriz de hierro dúctil. Se prepararon muestras de fundición y WC cementado reforzado con aleaciones a partir de níquel y cobre por infiltración por vacío a 1177°C (2050°F) para comparar. También se utilizó acero D2 para comparar. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de abrasión de arena seca con rueda de caucho (DSRW) (ASTM G65) en estas muestras, siguiendo el procedimiento A de ASTM G65. Las condiciones de las pruebas fueron las siguientes:
-Revoluciones totales: 6000
-Carga en la muestra: 13,6 kg (30 libras)
-Flujo de arena: 300- 400 g/min.
Se realizaron dos pruebas consecutivas de abrasión de arena seca con rueda de caucho en la misma zona de alerta de desgaste y la pérdida de masa durante la segunda prueba se tomó como representativa de la pérdida por desgaste abrasivo del material. Como se puede ver a partir de la tabla 1 a continuación, carburo de tungsteno de fundición esférica/hierro dúctil seguido por carburo de tungsteno de fundición triturado/hierro dúctil mostraron una resistencia a la abrasión excelente comparada con los otros materiales. Las muestras se prepararon como recubrimientos y los sustratos se extrajeron por mecanizado y rectificado a fin de exponer la superficie cerca del sustrato para la prueba.
Tabla 1: Datos de la prueba de abrasión de arena seca con rueda de caucho (DSRW) en diferentes materiales
Nº Muestra
Material de carburo Pérdida de masa g Densidad calculada, g/cc Pérdida de volumen, mm3 Dureza Rocwell, HRC
1
Fundición esférica WC/Fe dúctil 0,03 12,18 2,46 50
2
Fundición triturada WC/Fe dúctil 0,06 12,18 4,93 45
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Claims (1)

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ES13743866.9T 2012-01-31 2013-01-29 Procedimiento de creación de un material resistente al desgaste Active ES2693770T3 (es)

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US201261593091P 2012-01-31 2012-01-31
US201261593091P 2012-01-31
PCT/US2013/023541 WO2013116183A1 (en) 2012-01-31 2013-01-29 Wear resistant material and system and method of creating a wear resistant material

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EP2857140B1 (en) * 2013-10-02 2019-04-03 Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc. Brazing rod for forming a wear resistant coating and wear resistant coating
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WO2013116183A1 (en) 2013-08-08
CN104093510A (zh) 2014-10-08
KR102037764B1 (ko) 2019-10-29
PH12014501414B1 (en) 2014-09-22
MX2014008869A (es) 2014-09-01
NZ710921A (en) 2017-02-24
EP2809466B1 (en) 2018-09-12

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