US7568770B2 - Superhard composite material bonded to a steel body - Google Patents
Superhard composite material bonded to a steel body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7568770B2 US7568770B2 US11/686,831 US68683107A US7568770B2 US 7568770 B2 US7568770 B2 US 7568770B2 US 68683107 A US68683107 A US 68683107A US 7568770 B2 US7568770 B2 US 7568770B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pick
- composite material
- steel
- pattern
- bonded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 carbide Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCEAYPNEFSJYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.P.P Chemical compound OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.OC(O)=O.P.P ZCEAYPNEFSJYFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWHXWYVOWJCXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OP(O)(O)=O TWHXWYVOWJCXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/5676—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts having a cutting face with different segments, e.g. mosaic-type inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
- E21B10/5735—Interface between the substrate and the cutting element
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
- E21C25/06—Machines slitting solely by one or more cutting rods or cutting drums which rotate, move through the seam, and may or may not reciprocate
- E21C25/10—Rods; Drums
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
- E21C35/1831—Fixing methods or devices
Definitions
- Efficient degradation of materials is important to a variety of industries including the asphalt, mining, construction, drilling, and excavation industries.
- pavement may be degraded using attack picks
- attack picks may be used to break minerals and rocks.
- Attack picks may also be used when excavating large amounts of hard materials.
- asphalt recycling a drum supporting an array of attack picks make up a degradation assembly, which may be rotated and moved so that the attack picks engage a paved surface causing it to break up. Examples of degradation assemblies from the prior art are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,225 to Stiffler, US Pub. No. 20050173966 to Mouthaan, U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,083 to Latham, U.S.
- the attack picks typically have a tungsten carbide tip, which usually lasts less than a day in hard milling operations. Consequently, many efforts have been made to extend the life of these picks. Examples of such efforts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,559 to Sionnet et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,071 to Andersson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5 , 417 , 475 to Graham et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6.051,079 to Andersson et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,098 to Beach, U.S. Pat. No. 6,733,087 to Hall et al., U.S.
- a pick comprises a steel body comprising a formed shank attached to a first end of the body and generally extending along a central axis of the body.
- An impact tip is secured to a second end of the steel body and comprises a carbide substrate attached to the second end of the steel body which is bonded to a superhard material.
- a composite material is bonded to an outer surface of the steel body and adapted to protect the steel from wear.
- the composite material comprises a plurality of diamond or cubic boron nitride particles held within a matrix.
- the matrix comprises a diamond or cubic boron nitride particle concentration of 40 to 80 percent by volume.
- the particles may be metal bonded. These particles may be bonded by a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silicon, indium, silver, nickel, manganese, palladium, zinc, cobalt, titanium, tin, gold, and combinations thereof.
- the particles may be resin bonded. These particles may be bonded by a resin selected from the group consisting of polyepoxides, plastics, thermosetting resins, polymers, epichlorohydrin, bisphenol A, polyimide, and combinations thereof.
- the shank may be secured within a holder attached to a milling drum connected to the underside of a pavement milling machine.
- the shank may be secured to a trenching machine, or to a bit body adapted for subterranean drilling, horizontal drilling, and/or mining.
- the shank, carbide substrate and superhard material may be arranged generally coaxial.
- the composite material may be secured within at least one groove formed in the outer surface of the steel body.
- a surface of the composite material may be recessed within the at least one groove, or it may extend beyond the groove.
- the composite material may be secured within a pattern of grooves, the pattern may be a conical helix pattern, helical pattern double helical pattern, annular ring pattern, checkered pattern, zigzag pattern, wavy pattern, segmented pattern, circle pattern, or combinations thereof.
- the plurality of particles may comprise an average particle size of between 1 and 3500 microns.
- the outer surface of the steel body may be textured for improving the bond of the composite material to the steel body.
- the shank may be coated with a hard surface (which may comprise chromium, nickel, carbide, titanium, nitride, silicon, etc.)
- Some embodiments may comprise a composite material that is bonded to a tapered portion of the steel body.
- a method of depositing a wear resistant composite material onto an outer surface of a steel pick body comprises a step of forming at least one groove in a body of the pick.
- a composite material is provided by mixing diamond or cubic boron nitride particles with a matrix material.
- the composite material is placed into the at least one groove, and the composite material are heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of the matrix material and below the melting temperature of the steel. After heating the body and composite material are cooled.
- the method may comprise a further step of press fitting an impact tip into the steel pick body after the body has cooled.
- the step of heating the composite material may comprise laser heating.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a plurality of picks on a rotating drum attached to a motor vehicle.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded diagram of an embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective diagram of another embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective diagram of another embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional diagram of another embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a pick.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a mining bit.
- FIG. 11 is an orthogonal diagram of an embodiment of a drill bit.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a trenching machine
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method of depositing a wear resistant composite material onto an outer surface of a steel pick body.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a plurality of picks 101 attached to a rotating drum 102 connected to the underside of a pavement recycling machine 103 .
- the recycling machine 103 may be a cold planer used to degrade man-made formations such as pavement 104 prior to the placement of a new layer of pavement.
- Picks 101 may be attached to a drum 102 or a chain which rotates so the picks 101 engage a formation.
- a pick 101 combined with a holder 105 is often used in asphalt milling and mining.
- a holder 105 is attached to a driving mechanism, which may be a rotating drum 102 , and the pick 101 is inserted into the holder 105 .
- the holder 105 may hold the pick 101 at an angle offset from the direction of rotation, such that the pick 101 optimally engages a formation.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a pick 101 .
- the pick 101 comprises a steel body 201 that comprises a formed shank 202 attached to a first end 203 of the body 201 .
- the shank 202 extends generally along a central axis 204 of the body 201 .
- the steel may be 4140, ENB10, S7, A2, tool steel, hardened steel, alloy steels, PM M-4, T-15, M-4, M-2, D-7, D-2, Vertex, PM A-11, A-10, A-6, O-6, O-1, H-13, or combinations thereof.
- An impact tip 205 is secured to a second end—of the body 201 , and comprises a carbide substrate.
- the carbide substrate is attached to the second end 206 and is bonded to a superhard material 207 .
- Attack picks 101 often rotate within their holders 105 upon impact which allows wear to occur evenly around the tool 101 .
- the impact tip 205 may be angled such so that it cause the pick 101 to rotate within the bore of the holder 105 .
- the impact tip 205 may comprise a generally circular shape, a generally annular shape, a generally spherical shape, a generally pyramidal shape, a generally conical shape, a generally arcuate shape, a generally asymmetric shape, or combinations thereof.
- the shank 202 may be coated with a hard surface 210 .
- the hard surface 210 may comprise a cemented metal carbide, chromium, manganese, nickel, titanium, silicon, hard surfacing, diamond, cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond, diamond impregnated carbide, diamond impregnated matrix, silicon bonded diamond, deposited diamond, aluminum oxide, zircon, silicon carbide, whisker reinforced ceramics, nitride, stellite, or combinations thereof.
- the hard surface 210 may be bonded to the shank 202 through the processes of electroplating, cladding, electroless plating, thermal spraying, annealing, hard facing, applying high pressure, hot dipping, brazing, or combinations thereof.
- the surface 210 may comprise a thickness of 0.0001 to 0.200 inches.
- the surface 210 may be polished.
- a composite material 208 is bonded to an outer surface 209 of the body 201 and protects the steel from wear.
- the composite material 208 maybe bonded to a tapered portion, stepped portion, or cylindrical portion of the body 201 .
- the composite material 208 comprises a plurality of diamond, diamond-like and/or cubic boron nitride particles held within a matrix.
- the matrix comprises 40 to 80 percent diamond or cubic boron nitride particles by volume. It is believed that too low of a particle concentration causes the matrix around the particles to wear away thereby causing more of the particle to be exposed and thereby fall out, which in turn exposes new particles. Preferably there is a high enough concentration of the particles that the particles protect the matrix from wearing away and effectively form a super wear resistant composite material.
- the particles may comprise an average particle size of between 1 and 3500 microns. More preferably, the average particle size is less than 50 microns. Most preferably, the average particle size is less than 10 microns. It is believed the smaller the particle size the greater wear resistance that the composite material will have and thereby protect the steel from wear.
- the matrix material may be a metal or a resin bonded.
- Metal bonded particles may be bonded by a matrix comprising of silver, copper, silicon, indium, nickel, manganese, palladium, zinc, cobalt, titanium, tin, gold, boron, chromium, germanium, aluminum, iron, gallium, vanadium, phosphorus, molybdenum, platinum, alloys, mixtures and combinations thereof.
- the superhard particles may be coated with a metal, such as titanium, niobium, cobalt, tantalum, nickel, iron or combinations thereof, which may adhere better to the particles to the matrix.
- the particles may be bonded by melting the matrix material to a temperature sufficient to melt the matrix but still below the melting temperature of the steel.
- a metal bonded matrix may comprise a melting temperature from 700 to 1200 degrees Celsius.
- the impact tip which comprises a superhard material bonded to a carbide substrate, is brazed to a carbide bolster which is press fit into a bore formed in the steel body.
- the carbide bolster may be brazed to the steel body.
- active cooling during heating of the matrix may be critical, since the heat from brazing may leave some residual stress in the bond between the carbide substrate and the superhard material.
- the bolster may be brazed to the steel body at the same time that the composite material is being bonded to the steel body.
- a heat sink may be placed over at least part of the superhard material 207 or other part of the attack pick during the heating stage. Water or other fluid may be circulated around the heat sink to remove the heat. The heat sink may also be used to apply a force on the pick 101 to hold it together while brazing.
- the composite material 208 may comprise resin bonded particles. These particles may be bonded by a resin selected from the group consisting of polyepoxides, plastics, thermosetting resins, epoxies, polymers, epichlorohydrin, bisphenol A, polyimide, and combinations thereof.
- the resin may be hardened by adding an activating compound, thereby inducing a chemical reaction, such as a polymerization reaction.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of a pick 101 consistent with the present invention.
- a plurality of annular grooves 301 have been formed in the outer surface 209 of the body 201 . These annular grooves 301 have then been filled with composite material 208 .
- a shallow annular groove 306 may be formed in the second end 206 of the body 201 . This groove 306 may also be filled with composite material 208 so that an exposed surface of the body 201 on the second end 206 between the bolster 304 and the deeper annular grooves 301 .
- An interface 303 between the carbide substrate 302 and the superhard material 207 may be non-planar or planar.
- the superhard material 207 may comprise diamond, polycrystalline diamond, natural diamond, synthetic diamond, vapor deposited diamond, silicon bonded diamond, cobalt bonded diamond, thermally stable diamond, polycrystalline diamond with a binder concentration of 1 to 40 weight percent, infiltrated diamond, layered diamond, monolithic diamond, polished diamond, course diamond, fine diamond, cubic boron nitride, diamond impregnated matrix, diamond impregnated carbide, non-metal catalyzed diamond, or combinations thereof.
- the superhard material 207 may be a polycrystalline structure with an average grain size of 10 to 100 microns.
- the cemented metal carbide substrate 302 may comprise a 1 to 40 percent concentration of cobalt by weight, preferably 5 to 10 percent.
- the superhard material 207 may be at least 4,000 HK and in some embodiments it may be 1 to 20000 microns thick. In embodiments, where the superhard material is a ceramic, the material may comprise a region, preferably near its surface, that is free of binder material. Infiltrated diamond is typically made by sintering the superhard material 207 adjacent a cemented metal carbide substrate 302 and allowing a metal (such as cobalt) to infiltrate into the superhard material.
- the impact tip 205 may be connected to the second end 206 of the body 201 by a carbide bolster 304 . In some embodiments the tip 205 and the bolster 304 may be originally formed as a single unit. Typically the impact tip 205 is brazed to the bolster 304 at a planar interface 305 .
- the superhard material 208 may be bonded to the carbide substrate 302 through a high temperature high pressure process.
- HTHP high temperature high pressure
- some of the cobalt may infiltrate into the superhard material such that the substrate 302 comprises a slightly lower cobalt concentration than before the HTHP process.
- the superhard material 207 may preferably comprise a 1 to 5 percent cobalt concentration by weight after the cobalt or other binder infiltrates the superhard material 207 .
- the superhard material 207 may also comprise a 1 to 5 percent concentration of tantalum by weight.
- the binder is added directly to the superhard material's mixture before the HTHP processing and do not rely on the binder migrating from the substrate into the mixture during the HTHP processing.
- the superhard material 207 may comprise a substantially pointed geometry with a sharp apex comprising a radius of 0.050 to 200 inches. In some embodiments, the radius is 0.900 to 0.110 inches. It is believed that the apex may be adapted to distribute impact forces, which may help to prevent the superhard material 207 from chipping or breaking.
- the superhard material 207 may comprise a thickness of 0.100 to 0.500 inches from the apex to the interface with the substrate 302 , preferably from 0.125 to 0.275 inches.
- the superhard material 207 and the substrate 302 may comprise a total thickness of 0.200 to 0.700 inches from the apex to the base of the substrate.
- the sharp apex may allow the high impact resistant pick 101 to more easily cleave asphalt, rock, or other formations.
- FIG. 4 an exploded diagram of a pick 101 is shown in which the impact tip 205 and the carbide bolster 304 are being press fit into the steel body 201 .
- the steel body 201 has already been bonded to the composite material 208 .
- the tip 205 and/or bolster 304 may be press fit into the body 201 before the composite material 208 is bonded to the body 201 .
- heating the impact tip 205 after the tip 205 is already bonded to the superhard material 207 may induce residual stress in the superhard material 207 due to different thermal expansions in the superhard material and the carbide substrate.
- the shank 202 may comprise a central axis 401 that is generally coaxial with the central axis 204 of the steel body 201 .
- a central axis 402 of the impact tip 205 may be generally coaxial with the central axes 204 , 401 of the body 201 and shank 202 .
- an embodiment of a pick 101 in which the composite material 208 is recessed within a plurality of annular grooves 301 that are formed in the steel body 201 .
- technicians may heat the body 201 , the particles, and the matrix material to a temperature above the melting point of the matrix material.
- the matrix material may then bond together the particles to form a composite material 208 , which also may bond to the body 201 .
- Composite material 208 that is recessed within the annular grooves 301 may be easier to deposit and control during the process of melting the matrix material.
- the composite material 208 is formed in rings, segments, rods, beads, or other forms separately and then press fit into the grooves formed in the steel body.
- FIG. 6 an embodiment of a pick 101 is disclosed in which the composite material 208 is disposed in a zigzag pattern.
- the composite material is not secured within a groove, but is attached directly to the outer surface of the steel body. It is believed that by extending beyond the groove 601 and thereby beyond a surface 602 of the steel body 201 , that the composite material 208 may better protect the body 201 from abrasive contact with the formation.
- FIG. 6 also discloses a pick 101 in which the impact tip 205 is brazed to a carbide bolster 603 , which is brazed to the steel body 201 at a planar interface 604 .
- a protective spring sleeve 605 may be disposed around the shank 202 both for protection and to allow the high impact resistant pick 101 to be press fit into a holder 105 (see FIG. 1 ) while still being able to rotate.
- a washer 606 may also be disposed around the shank 202 such that when the pick 101 is inserted into the holder 105 , the washer 606 protects an upper surface of the holder 105 and also facilitates rotation of the pick 101 .
- FIG. 7 discloses an embodiment of a pick 101 in which the composite material 208 is secured within a conical helical groove pattern.
- a conical helical groove pattern may help the composite material 208 to bind to the steel body 201 by providing a large surface area for binding while reducing the depth of the groove.
- the composite material 208 may be secured by other specific pattern of grooves, including conical helix patterns, helical patterns, double helical patterns, annular ring patterns, checkered patterns, zigzag patterns, wavy patterns, segmented patterns, circle patterns, or combinations thereof.
- Specific groove patterns may provide wear protection in areas of the pick 101 that are most advantageous to particular applications. It is believed that some of the groove patterns such as helical patterns may help the pick to rotate within the holder and thereby allow for even wearing along the outer diameter of the steel body.
- a cross sectional diagram discloses an embodiment of a pick 101 in which thin, wide grooves 801 have been formed in the surface 209 of the steel body 201 .
- These grooves comprise a width 802 and a height 803 , wherein the width 802 is greater than the height 803 .
- the width 802 may be lesser than the height 803 , or the ratio of width 802 to height 803 may vary from groove to groove on a single pick 101 .
- FIG. 9 discloses an embodiment of a pick 101 in which the outer surface 209 of the pick 101 is textured.
- a plurality of spherical protrusions 901 of the outer surface 209 provide texture to the body 201 . It is believed that this texture may help to increase the bond surface area between the body 201 and the composite material 208 , thereby helping to strengthen the bond.
- the present diagram also discloses an embodiment where the composite material 208 is bonded to the outer surface 209 as one continuous deposit along a wear-protected length 902 of the pick 101 .
- the attack pick 101 may be used in various applications.
- the pick 101 may be disposed in an asphalt milling machine 103 , as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 10 discloses a bit 1600 that may be incorporated with the present invention.
- FIG. 11 discloses a drill bit 1650 typically used in subterranean, horizontal drilling that may be consistent with the present invention.
- the pick 101 may be used in a trenching machine 2000 , as disclosed in FIG. 12 .
- the picks 101 may be placed on a chain that rotates around an arm 2050 . Other applications that involve intense wear of machinery may also be benefited by incorporation of the present invention.
- Milling machines may experience wear as they are used to reduce the size of material such as rocks, grain, trash, natural resources, chalk, wood, tires, metal, cars, tables, couches, coal, minerals, chemicals, or other natural resources.
- Various mills that may incorporate the composite material include mulchers, vertical shaft mills, hammermills, cone crushers, chisels, jaw crushers, or combinations thereof.
- Percussion bits, roller cone bits, and shear bits used in the oil and gas industry may also incorporate the composite material.
- a method 1300 of depositing the wear resistant composite material 208 onto the outer surface 209 of a steel pick body 201 is disclosed in the form of a flowchart.
- the method 1300 comprises a step 1301 of forming at least one groove 301 in the body 201 of the pick 101 , and a step 1302 of providing a composite material 208 by mixing diamond or cubic boron nitride particles with a matrix material.
- the matrix material may be metal bonded or resin bonded.
- the composite material is placed into the at least one groove.
- the method 1300 further comprises a step 1304 of heating the composite material 208 to a temperature above the melting temperature of the matrix material and below the melting temperature of the steel body 201 .
- step 1305 the matrix material is believed to solidify as the composite material 208 is cooled. This is believed to help to durably bond the particles into the matrix, and to bond the composite material 208 to the body 201 .
- the method 1300 may further comprise a step of press fitting an impact tip 205 into the steel pick body 201 after the body has cooled, and/or a step 1304 of heating the composite material 208 that uses laser heating.
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (68)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/686,831 US7568770B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-03-15 | Superhard composite material bonded to a steel body |
US11/695,672 US7396086B1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-04-03 | Press-fit pick |
US11/695,689 US7401863B1 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2007-04-03 | Press-fit pick |
US11/742,304 US7475948B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-04-30 | Pick with a bearing |
US11/742,261 US7469971B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-04-30 | Lubricated pick |
US11/747,357 US7387345B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-05-11 | Lubricating drum |
US11/747,377 US7390066B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-05-11 | Method for providing a degradation drum |
US11/766,903 US20130341999A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-06-22 | Attack Tool with an Interruption |
US11/773,271 US7997661B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-07-03 | Tapered bore in a pick |
US11/774,227 US7669938B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-07-06 | Carbide stem press fit into a steel body of a pick |
US11/774,667 US20080035389A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-07-09 | Roof Mining Drill Bit |
US11/829,761 US7722127B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-07-27 | Pick shank in axial tension |
US11/829,577 US8622155B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-07-27 | Pointed diamond working ends on a shear bit |
US11/844,586 US7600823B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-08-24 | Pick assembly |
US11/844,662 US7637574B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-08-24 | Pick assembly |
US11/861,641 US8590644B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-09-26 | Downhole drill bit |
US11/871,759 US7413258B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-10-12 | Hollow pick shank |
US11/871,480 US7886851B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-10-12 | Drill bit nozzle |
US11/871,835 US8136887B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-10-12 | Non-rotating pick with a pressed in carbide segment |
US11/871,722 US7992945B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-10-12 | Hollow pick shank |
US11/947,644 US8007051B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-11-29 | Shank assembly |
US11/953,424 US8201892B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-12-10 | Holder assembly |
US11/969,805 US7862126B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-04 | Method of providing a degradation drum |
US11/971,965 US7648210B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-10 | Pick with an interlocked bolster |
US12/020,924 US8414085B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-28 | Shank assembly with a tensioned element |
US12/021,051 US8123302B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-28 | Impact tool |
US12/021,019 US8485609B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-01-28 | Impact tool |
US12/051,738 US7669674B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-03-19 | Degradation assembly |
US12/051,586 US8007050B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-03-19 | Degradation assembly |
US12/051,689 US7963617B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-03-19 | Degradation assembly |
US12/098,962 US7717365B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-04-07 | Degradation insert with overhang |
US12/099,038 US20080187452A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-04-07 | Method of Forming a Workpiece |
US12/098,934 US7712693B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-04-07 | Degradation insert with overhang |
US12/112,815 US7871133B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-04-30 | Locking fixture |
US12/112,743 US8029068B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-04-30 | Locking fixture for a degradation assembly |
US12/135,654 US8061784B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-06-09 | Retention system |
US12/135,714 US8033615B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-06-09 | Retention system |
US12/135,595 US7946656B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-06-09 | Retention system |
US12/146,665 US8454096B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-06-26 | High-impact resistant tool |
US12/169,345 US7946657B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-07-08 | Retention for an insert |
US12/177,556 US7635168B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-07-22 | Degradation assembly shield |
US12/177,599 US7744164B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-07-22 | Shield of a degradation assembly |
US12/177,637 US7832809B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-07-22 | Degradation assembly shield |
US12/200,786 US8033616B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-08-28 | Braze thickness control |
US12/200,810 US7661765B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-08-28 | Braze thickness control |
US12/207,701 US8240404B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2008-09-10 | Roof bolt bit |
US12/428,541 US7992944B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-04-23 | Manually rotatable tool |
US12/428,531 US8500209B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-04-23 | Manually rotatable tool |
US12/491,897 US8500210B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-06-25 | Resilient pick shank |
US12/491,848 US8118371B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-06-25 | Resilient pick shank |
US12/536,695 US8434573B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-08-06 | Degradation assembly |
US12/614,614 US8453497B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-09 | Test fixture that positions a cutting element at a positive rake angle |
US12/619,305 US8567532B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-16 | Cutting element attached to downhole fixed bladed bit at a positive rake angle |
US12/619,423 US8714285B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-16 | Method for drilling with a fixed bladed bit |
US12/619,466 US20100059289A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-16 | Cutting Element with Low Metal Concentration |
US12/619,377 US8616305B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-16 | Fixed bladed bit that shifts weight between an indenter and cutting elements |
US12/915,250 US8573331B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2010-10-29 | Roof mining drill bit |
US13/077,970 US8596381B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2011-03-31 | Sensor on a formation engaging member of a drill bit |
US13/077,964 US8191651B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2011-03-31 | Sensor on a formation engaging member of a drill bit |
US13/182,421 US8534767B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2011-07-13 | Manually rotatable tool |
US13/208,103 US9316061B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2011-08-11 | High impact resistant degradation element |
US13/919,749 US8998346B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2013-06-17 | Attack tool with an interruption |
US14/065,119 US9366089B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2013-10-28 | Cutting element attached to downhole fixed bladed bit at a positive rake angle |
US14/089,385 US9051795B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2013-11-25 | Downhole drill bit |
US14/101,972 US9145742B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2013-12-10 | Pointed working ends on a drill bit |
US14/717,567 US9708856B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2015-05-20 | Downhole drill bit |
US14/829,037 US9915102B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2015-08-18 | Pointed working ends on a bit |
US15/651,308 US10378288B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2017-07-17 | Downhole drill bit incorporating cutting elements of different geometries |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/424,806 US7950746B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2006-06-16 | Attack tool for degrading materials |
US11/553,338 US7665552B2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2006-10-26 | Superhard insert with an interface |
US11/668,254 US7353893B1 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2007-01-29 | Tool with a large volume of a superhard material |
US11/673,634 US8109349B2 (en) | 2006-10-26 | 2007-02-12 | Thick pointed superhard material |
US11/686,831 US7568770B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-03-15 | Superhard composite material bonded to a steel body |
Related Parent Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/424,806 Continuation-In-Part US7950746B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2006-06-16 | Attack tool for degrading materials |
US11/673,634 Continuation-In-Part US8109349B2 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2007-02-12 | Thick pointed superhard material |
US11/673,634 Continuation US8109349B2 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2007-02-12 | Thick pointed superhard material |
Related Child Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/668,254 Continuation-In-Part US7353893B1 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2007-01-29 | Tool with a large volume of a superhard material |
US11/695,672 Continuation-In-Part US7396086B1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-04-03 | Press-fit pick |
US11/947,644 Continuation-In-Part US8007051B2 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-11-29 | Shank assembly |
US11/965,672 Continuation-In-Part US20080172627A1 (en) | 2006-08-11 | 2007-12-27 | Information display apparatus, information providing server, information display system, method for controlling information display apparatus, method for controlling information providing server, control program and recording medium |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070290547A1 US20070290547A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
US7568770B2 true US7568770B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
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US11/686,831 Expired - Fee Related US7568770B2 (en) | 2006-06-16 | 2007-03-15 | Superhard composite material bonded to a steel body |
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