EP3413133B1 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3413133B1
EP3413133B1 EP18175937.4A EP18175937A EP3413133B1 EP 3413133 B1 EP3413133 B1 EP 3413133B1 EP 18175937 A EP18175937 A EP 18175937A EP 3413133 B1 EP3413133 B1 EP 3413133B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
conductive layer
photosensitive member
electrophotographic photosensitive
resin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18175937.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3413133A1 (en
Inventor
Taichi Sato
Jumpei Kuno
Kenichi Kaku
Takashi Anezaki
Atsushi Fujii
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Canon Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Canon Inc filed Critical Canon Inc
Publication of EP3413133A1 publication Critical patent/EP3413133A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3413133B1 publication Critical patent/EP3413133B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0865—Arrangements for supplying new developer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
    • G03G5/104—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers comprising inorganic material other than metals, e.g. salts, oxides, carbon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/18—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a charge pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
    • G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material

Definitions

  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-311629 discloses an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing CB in an electrically conductive layer.
  • the present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member; a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transfer unit.
  • an electrophotographic photosensitive member disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-311629 is superior in suppressing variations in dark part potential and bright part potential due to repeated use, but has a problem of leak in which an insulation breakdown of a photosensitive layer is caused with respect to thinning of a photosensitive layer or high Vd potential.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of achieving both high leak resistance and reduction in variations in dark part potential and bright part potential due to repeated use.
  • the leak resistance time is defined as a time until reaching a leak after a voltage is applied.
  • a number average primary particle diameter of the carbon black (CB) is 200 nm or more and 500 nm or less
  • an average inter-particle distance of the CB in an electrically conductive layer is 200 nm or more and 600 nm or less
  • a coefficient of variation of an inter-particle distance of the CB is 1.2 or less
  • SF-1 of the carbon black is 150 or less.
  • L in the Equation (1) is a maximum length of a CB cross section.
  • SF-1 represents a ratio of a circle area having a maximum length L of the CB cross section as a diameter to a CB cross-sectional area as a percentage, and is a shape factor indicating circularity.
  • a value of SF-1 is closer to 100 as a shape is closer to a perfect circle, and is larger as the shape is thinner and longer, and thus, in other words, the value of SF-1 represents a difference (variation) between a long diameter / short diameter of the CB.
  • the value of SF-1 is 150 or less, it means that the shape of the CB in the cross section of the electrically conductive layer is a substantially spherical shape close to a circle.
  • the electrically conductive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member secures electrical conductivity by dispersing conductive particles in an insulating resin, and exhibits electrical conductivity by an electronic conductive mechanism.
  • the electronic conductive mechanism is a mechanism in which conductive particles dispersed in the insulating resin form a conductive path to flow electricity, as generally explained in a percolation model.
  • the CB according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that SF-1 is 150 or less as described above. SF-1 is determined in the cross section of the electrically conductive layer and there is no point that the electric field is concentrated in the CB itself having a low volume resistance value by the shape in which the SF-1 is in the above-described range, that is, close to the circular shape, and thus the electric field intensity does not locally increase well.
  • CB having a low volume resistance value is agglomerated, it can be regarded as one conductor. Therefore, when determining SF-1, it is not determined by using primary particles of CB, but it is necessary to determine the SF-1 by using an aggregate as one conductor.
  • the CB according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that an inter-particle distance is 200 nm or more and 600 nm or less and a coefficient of variation thereof is 1.2 or less. Since the inter-particle distance of the CB is in the above-described range, the optimum volume resistance as the electrically conductive layer can be maintained, and a conductive path having extremely low resistance or an insulating region in which electricity hardly flows is not formed by the small coefficient of variation. Thus, electricity does not flow locally but can flow entirely.
  • the conductive path by the conductive particles in the insulating resin that is, a general percolation hardly occurs, in which a conductive part and a non-conductive part are formed microscopically and electrical conductivity exhibits macroscopically.
  • the volume resistance value of the electrically conductive layer is decreased by increasing a ratio of the electrically conductive agent while filling conductive particles in the resin so as not to form the conductive path as much as possible. That is, it is considered that local electric field concentration that can deteriorate the photosensitive layer does not occur well, and the leak resistance is improved.
  • the electrically conductive layer generally has a thickness of about several micrometers to about several tens of micrometers. If the number average primary particle diameter of the CB relative to the thickness of the electrically conductive layer is excessively large, resistance unevenness of the electrically conductive layer becomes large, and the electric field concentration easily occurs. That is, it is difficult to precisely arrange conductive particles over the entire region of the electrically conductive layer, and therefore, agglomeration of the conductive particles necessarily occurs. When the number average primary particle diameter of the CB is large, since a size of the agglomerate mass is about the same as the thickness of the electrically conductive layer, the electric field is concentrated at that portion.
  • An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; an electrically conductive layer; and a photosensitive layer.
  • Examples of the metal can include aluminum, iron, nickel, copper, gold, stainless steel, an alloy thereof, or the like. Among them, an aluminum support obtained by using aluminum is preferable.
  • electrical conductivity may be imparted to the resin or glass by treatment such as mixing or coating, or the like, of an electrically conductive material.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view for explaining a method of measuring a volume resistivity of the electrically conductive layer
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the method of measuring the volume resistivity of the electrically conductive layer.
  • an undercoat layer may be provided on the electrically conductive layer.
  • an adhesion function between layers can be enhanced to provide a charge injection blocking function.
  • an electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 in which the charge transport layer was a surface layer was produced.
  • the volume resistivity of the electrically conductive layer of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 was measured by the above-described method.
  • each of the four sample pieces 100 CB particles included in each sample were arbitrarily selected, and the volume of the CB particle was measured from an FIB-SEM image in which the content of the CB particle was determined.
  • An average primary particle diameter of the CB particle of the sample piece was obtained by defining a radius of a sphere having the same volume as the volume of each CB particle as a particle diameter of the CB particle and calculating an average thereof.
  • the average value of the average primary particle diameter of the CB particle in the four sample pieces was defined as a number average primary particle diameter (D 1 ) of the CB particle in the electrically conductive layer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
EP18175937.4A 2017-06-06 2018-06-05 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus Active EP3413133B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017111664A JP6850205B2 (ja) 2017-06-06 2017-06-06 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3413133A1 EP3413133A1 (en) 2018-12-12
EP3413133B1 true EP3413133B1 (en) 2021-12-01

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EP18175937.4A Active EP3413133B1 (en) 2017-06-06 2018-06-05 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US10303085B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3413133B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6850205B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN109001962B (zh)

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JP7150485B2 (ja) 2018-05-31 2022-10-11 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置
JP7059112B2 (ja) 2018-05-31 2022-04-25 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真画像形成装置
JP7054366B2 (ja) 2018-05-31 2022-04-13 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置
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JP2020086308A (ja) 2018-11-29 2020-06-04 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真感光体、電子写真装置、およびプロセスカートリッジ
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US9645516B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2017-05-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
US9599917B2 (en) 2014-12-26 2017-03-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP6508948B2 (ja) 2015-01-26 2019-05-08 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置
CN105867080B (zh) * 2015-02-09 2019-10-11 佳能株式会社 电子照相感光构件、处理盒和电子照相设备
US9599914B2 (en) 2015-04-03 2017-03-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic member having bow-shaped resin particles defining concavity and protrusion at surface thereof
EP3281064B1 (en) 2015-04-03 2019-09-25 C/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Charging member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus
JP6639256B2 (ja) 2016-02-10 2020-02-05 キヤノン株式会社 電子写真装置、およびプロセスカートリッジ

Also Published As

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CN109001962A (zh) 2018-12-14
US10303085B2 (en) 2019-05-28
US20180348665A1 (en) 2018-12-06
JP2018205566A (ja) 2018-12-27
EP3413133A1 (en) 2018-12-12
JP6850205B2 (ja) 2021-03-31
CN109001962B (zh) 2022-05-31

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