EP3059093B1 - Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite - Google Patents

Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3059093B1
EP3059093B1 EP16000444.6A EP16000444A EP3059093B1 EP 3059093 B1 EP3059093 B1 EP 3059093B1 EP 16000444 A EP16000444 A EP 16000444A EP 3059093 B1 EP3059093 B1 EP 3059093B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facets
security element
element according
pixels
pixel
Prior art date
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EP16000444.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3059093A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Fuhse
Michael Rahm
Andreas Rauch
Kaule Wittich
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/21—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for multiple purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23—Identity cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/24—Passports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/26—Entrance cards; Admission tickets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • B42D2035/20—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a security element for a security paper, document of value or the like, a document of value with such a security element and a method for producing such a security element.
  • Objects to be protected are often equipped with a security element that allows the authenticity of the object to be checked and at the same time serves as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
  • Objects to be protected are, for example, security papers, ID and value documents (such as banknotes, chip cards, passports, identification cards, ID cards, stocks, attachments, certificates, vouchers, checks, admission tickets, credit cards, health cards, etc.) as well as product security elements such as labels, Seals, packaging, etc.
  • ID and value documents such as banknotes, chip cards, passports, identification cards, ID cards, stocks, attachments, certificates, vouchers, checks, admission tickets, credit cards, health cards, etc.
  • product security elements such as labels, Seals, packaging, etc.
  • a technique that is widespread in the field of security elements and that gives a practically flat film a three-dimensional appearance are various forms of holography.
  • these techniques have some disadvantages for the use of a security feature, in particular on bank notes.
  • the quality of the three-dimensional representation of a hologram depends heavily on the lighting conditions. In particular with diffuse lighting, the representations of holograms are often barely recognizable.
  • holograms have the disadvantage that they are now present in many places in everyday life and therefore their special position as a security feature is disappearing.
  • the invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, of providing a security element for a security paper, document of value or the like, in which a good three-dimensional appearance is achieved with an extremely flat design of the security element.
  • an extremely flat security element in which, for example, the maximum height of the facets is not greater than 10 ⁇ m, can be provided, which nevertheless creates a very good three-dimensional impression when viewed. It is therefore possible, by means of a (macroscopically) flat surface area, to simulate a surface that appears to be strongly curved for the viewer.
  • any three-dimensional configurations of the perceptible surface of any shape can be produced in this way. portraits, objects, motifs or other three-dimensional objects can be reproduced.
  • the three-dimensional impression is always related to the actual spatial shape of the surface area.
  • the surface area can be flat or even curved itself. However, a three-dimensional appearance related to this base surface shape is always achieved, so that the surface area is visible to a viewer then does not appear flat or curved in the same way as the surface area itself.
  • the surface area that can be perceived as a protruding and / or recessed surface is understood here in particular to mean that the surface area can be perceived as a continuously curved surface. So the area z. B. be perceived as a surface with an apparent curvature that deviates from the curvature or actual spatial shape of the surface area. With the security element according to the invention can correspondingly, for. B. a curved surface can be imitated by adjusting the corresponding reflection behavior.
  • the surface area is in particular a contiguous surface area.
  • the surface area can, however, also have gaps or even include non-contiguous partial areas. In this way, the surface area can be nested with other security features.
  • the other security features can be, for. B. be a true color hologram, so that a viewer can perceive the true color hologram and the projecting and / or receding surface, which are provided by the surface area according to the invention, together.
  • the orientation of the facets is selected in particular so that the surface area is perceptible to a viewer as a non-planar surface.
  • the majority or all of the pixels of the surface area each have a plurality of the optically effective facets with the same orientation.
  • the optically effective facets can be designed as reflective and / or transmissive facets.
  • the facets can be formed in a surface of the carrier. It is also possible for the facets to be formed both in the upper side and in the lower side of the carrier and to lie opposite one another. In this case, the facets are preferably designed as transmissive facets with a refractive effect, the carrier itself of course also being transparent or at least translucent. The dimensions and orientations of the facets are then selected in particular so that a surface can be perceived by a viewer in such a way that it jumps forward and / or set back in relation to the actual spatial shape of the upper and / or lower side of the carrier.
  • the carrier can be designed as a layer composite.
  • the facets can lie at an interface within the layer composite. So the facets z.
  • the facets can be embodied as embedded facets.
  • optically effective facets are designed in such a way that the pixels have no optically diffractive effect.
  • the dimensions of the optically effective facets can be between 1 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m and particularly preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the dimensions of the pixels are selected such that the area of the pixels is at least one order of magnitude and preferably at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the area of the surface area.
  • the area of the surface area and the area of the pixels are understood here in particular to mean the area when projecting in the direction of the macroscopic surface normal of the surface area onto a plane.
  • the dimensions of the pixels can be selected such that the dimensions of the pixels are at least one order of magnitude and preferably at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the dimensions of the area of the surface area at least in one direction.
  • the maximum dimension of a pixel is preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 5 mm, preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the pixel shape and / or the pixel size can, but need not, vary within the security element.
  • the grating period of the facets per pixel is preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m or between 3 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m or between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m or between 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the grating period is chosen so that at least per pixel two facets of the same orientation are contained and that diffraction effects are practically no longer important for incident light (e.g. from the wavelength range from 380 nm to 750 nm).
  • the facets can be referred to as achromatic facets or the pixels as achromatic pixels which bring about a directionally achromatic reflection.
  • the security element thus has an achromatic reflectivity with respect to the lattice structure provided by the facets of the pixels.
  • the facets are preferably designed as essentially flat surface pieces.
  • the chosen formulation, according to which the facets are designed as essentially flat surface pieces takes into account the fact that in practice, due to production, it is usually never possible to produce perfectly flat surface pieces.
  • the orientation of the facets is determined in particular by their inclination and / or their azimuth angle.
  • the orientation of the facets can also be determined by other parameters.
  • a reflective or reflection-increasing coating (in particular a metallic or highly refractive coating) can be formed on the facets at least in some areas.
  • the reflective or reflection-increasing coating can be a metallic coating that is vapor-deposited, for example.
  • aluminum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, chromium, nickel and / or tungsten and their alloys can be used as the coating material.
  • the reflective or reflection-increasing coating can be formed by a coating with a material with a high refractive index.
  • the reflective or reflection-increasing coating can in particular be designed as a partially transparent coating.
  • a color-shifting coating is formed on the facets at least in some areas.
  • the color-shifting coating can in particular be designed as a thin-layer system or thin-film interference coating.
  • a layer sequence of metal layer - dielectric layer - metal layer or a layer sequence of three dielectric layers, the refractive index of the middle layer being lower than the refractive index of the two other layers can be implemented.
  • ZnS, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , MgF 2 for example, can be used as the dielectric material.
  • the color-shifting coating can also be designed as an interference filter, a thin, semitransparent metal layer with selective transmission through plasma resonance effects, nanoparticles, etc.
  • the color-shifting layer can in particular also be implemented as a liquid crystal layer, a diffractive relief structure or a sub-wavelength grating.
  • a thin-film system with a structure of reflector, dielectric, absorber (formed on the facets in this order) is also possible.
  • the thin film system plus facet can be designed not only, as already described, as a facet / reflector / dielectric / absorber, but also as a facet / absorber / dielectric / reflector. The order depends in particular on the side from which the security element is to be viewed. Color shift effects visible on both sides are also possible, if the thin film system plus facet is designed, for example, as an absorber / dielectric / absorber / facet or an absorber / dielectric / reflector / dielectric / absorber / facet.
  • the color-shifting coating can be designed not only as a thin-film system, but also as a liquid-crystal layer (in particular made of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material).
  • a scattering coating or surface treatment of the facets can be provided.
  • Such a coating or treatment can scatter according to Lambert's cosine law or there can be a scattered reflection with a directional distribution that deviates from Lambert's cosine law. In particular, scattering with a pronounced preferred direction is of interest here.
  • the embossing surface of the embossing tool When the facets are produced by an embossing process, the embossing surface of the embossing tool, with which the shape of the facets can be embossed in the carrier or in a layer of the carrier, can additionally be provided with a microstructure in order to produce certain effects.
  • the embossing surface of the embossing tool can be provided with a rough surface so that facets with scattered reflection arise in the end product.
  • At least two facets can preferably be provided per pixel. It can also be three, four, five or more facets.
  • the number of facets per pixel can in particular be selected so that a maximum predetermined Facet height is not exceeded.
  • the maximum facet height can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m.
  • the grating period of the facets can be selected to be the same for all pixels. However, it is also possible that individual or several of the pixels have different grating periods. It is also possible that the grating period varies within a pixel and is therefore not constant. Furthermore, phase information can also be impressed in the grating period, which is used to encode further information.
  • a verification mask with lattice structures can be provided which have the same periods and azimuth angles as the facets in the security element according to the invention. In a partial area of the verification mask, the grids can have the same phase parameter as the security element to be verified and a certain phase difference in other areas. When the verification mask is placed over the security element, the different areas will then appear differently light or dark due to the moiré effect.
  • the verification mask can be provided on the same object to be protected as the security element according to the invention.
  • the surface area can be designed in such a way that it can be perceived by a viewer as an imaginary surface. This is to be understood here in particular as meaning that the security element according to the invention exhibits a reflection behavior that cannot be produced with a real macroscopically curved surface.
  • the imaginary surface can be perceived as a rotating mirror, which z. B. rotates by 90 °.
  • Such an imaginary surface and in particular such a rotating mirror is very easy to grasp and verify for a viewer.
  • any real curved reflecting or transmitting surface can be modified into an imaginary surface by means of the surface area of the security element according to the invention.
  • This can e.g. B. can be realized in that the azimuth angles of all facets are changed, for example rotated by a certain angle.
  • interesting effects can be achieved with this. If, for example, one rotates all azimuth angles by 45 ° to the right, the surface area for an observer, if he is illuminated directly from above, is a curved surface that is apparently illuminated from the top right. If you turn all azimuth angles by 90 °, the light reflections move in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction that an observer would expect. This unnatural reflection behavior then also makes it no longer possible for a viewer, for example, to decide whether the curved perceptible surface is to the front or to the rear (in relation to the surface area).
  • diffraction effects can be suppressed in a targeted manner by means of an aperiodic grating or the introduction of random phase parameters.
  • the orientations of the facets that is to say to change them slightly compared to the optimal shape for the surface to be reproduced
  • the surface area not only appears to be jumping forwards and / or backwards in relation to its actual spatial shape, but it can also be given a texture that is precisely positioned in register.
  • the carrier can have a further surface area, which is preferably nested with the one surface area and in particular is designed as a further security feature.
  • Such training can, for. B. be referred to as nesting or as a multi-channel image.
  • the further surface area can be divided into a plurality of pixels, each comprising at least one optically effective facet, in the same way as the one surface area, the plurality of pixels preferably each having a plurality of the optically effective facets with the same orientation per pixel and the facets are oriented in such a way that a viewer can perceive the further surface area as a surface that is curved or protruding and / or receding in relation to its actual spatial shape. This allows z. B. two different three-dimensional representations can be realized.
  • the one surface area z. B. with additional register-accurate color or grayscale information (combination for example with true color hologram or halftone image, for example on the basis of sub-wavelength gratings) are superimposed.
  • phase information can be hidden or stored as a further security feature in the arrangement of the facets.
  • At least one facet can have a light-scattering microstructure on its surface.
  • several or all of the facets can also have such a light-scattering microstructure on the facet surface.
  • the light-scattering microstructure can be designed as a coating.
  • the facets can also be embedded in a colored material in order to create an additional color effect or to simulate a colored object.
  • the orientations of several facets can be changed in relation to the orientations for generating the protruding and / or recessed surface so that the protruding and / or recessed surface is still perceptible, but with a surface that appears matt.
  • the protruding and / or recessed surface can also be presented with a matt surface appearance.
  • the invention also comprises a method for producing a security element for security papers, documents of value or the like, according to claims 17 and 18.
  • the production method according to the invention can in particular be developed in such a way that the security element according to the invention and the developments of the security element according to the invention can be produced.
  • the production method can further include the step of calculating the pixels on the basis of a surface to be adjusted.
  • the facets (their dimensions and their orientations) are calculated for all pixels.
  • the height modulation of the surface area can then be carried out on the basis of this data.
  • the step of coating the facets can also be provided.
  • the facets can be provided with a reflective or reflection-increasing coating.
  • the reflective or reflection-increasing coating can be a complete mirror coating or also a partially transparent mirror coating.
  • Known microstructuring processes such as, for example, embossing processes, can be used to produce the height-modulated surface of the carrier.
  • suitable structures in resist materials can be exposed, possibly refined, shaped and used for the production of embossing tools.
  • Known processes can be used for embossing in thermoplastic films or in films coated with radiation-curing lacquers.
  • the carrier can have multiple layers that successively applied and optionally structured and / or can be composed of several parts.
  • the security element can in particular be designed as a security thread, tear thread, security tape, security strip, patch or label for application to a security paper, document of value or the like.
  • the security element can span transparent or at least translucent areas or recesses.
  • security paper is understood here in particular as the not yet fit for circulation preliminary stage to a document of value which, in addition to the security element according to the invention, can also have, for example, further authenticity features (such as luminescent substances provided in the volume).
  • Documents of value are understood here on the one hand to be documents produced from security papers.
  • value documents can also be other documents and objects that can be provided with the security element according to the invention so that the value documents have authenticity features that cannot be copied, whereby an authenticity check is possible and at the same time undesired copying is prevented.
  • an embossing tool is provided with an embossing surface with which the shape of the facets of a security element according to the invention (including its developments) can be embossed in the carrier or in a layer of the carrier.
  • the embossing surface preferably has the inverted shape of the surface contour to be embossed, this inverted shape advantageously being produced by the formation of corresponding depressions.
  • the security element according to the invention can be used as a master for exposing volume holograms or for purely decorative purposes.
  • a photosensitive layer in which the volume hologram is to be formed can be brought into contact with the front side of the master and thus with the front side of the security element directly or with the interposition of a transparent optical medium.
  • the procedure can be the same or similar to that in the DE 101006 016139 A1 described procedure for generating a volume hologram.
  • the basic procedure is, for example, in sections Nos. 70 to 79 on pages 7 and 8 of the cited publication in connection with Figures 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b described.
  • the security element 1 according to the invention is integrated in a bank note 2 in such a way that the security element 1 differs from the one shown in FIG Figure 1
  • the front side of the banknote 2 shown is visible.
  • the security element 1 is designed as a reflective security element 1 with a rectangular outer contour, the area 3 delimited by the rectangular outer contour being divided into a plurality of reflective pixels 4, of which a small part is enlarged into Figure 2 are shown as a top view.
  • the pixels 4 are square here and have an edge length in the range from 10 to several 100 ⁇ m.
  • the edge length is preferably not greater than 300 ⁇ m. In particular, it can be in the range between 20 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the edge length of the pixels 4 is selected in particular such that the area of each pixel 4 is at least one order of magnitude, preferably two orders of magnitude smaller than the area 3.
  • the majority of the pixels 4 each have a plurality of reflective facets 5 of the same orientation, the facets 5 being the optically effective surfaces of a reflective sawtooth grid.
  • FIG. 3 the sectional view along the line 6 for six adjacent pixels 4 1 , 4 2 , 43, 44, 4 5 and 4 6 is shown, the illustration in FIG Figure 3 and also in the other figures is partly not true to scale for better illustration. Furthermore, in order to simplify the illustration in FIGS. 1 to 3 and also in FIG Figure 4 the reflective coating on the facets 5 is not shown.
  • the sawtooth grid of the pixels 4 is formed here in a surface 7 of a carrier 8, the surface 7 structured in this way preferably having a reflective coating (in Figure 3 not shown) is coated.
  • the carrier 8 can be, for example, a radiation-curing plastic (UV resin) which is applied to a carrier film (not shown) (for example a PET film).
  • UV resin radiation-curing plastic
  • the pixels 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 4 , 4 5 and 4 6 each have three facets 5, the orientation of which is the same per pixel 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 4 , 4 5 and 4 6.
  • the sawtooth grids and thus also the facets 5 of these pixels are the same except for their different inclinations ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 4 (to simplify the illustration, only the inclination angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 4 of one facet 5 of the pixels 4 1 and 4 4 are shown ).
  • the pixel 4 3 here has only a single facet 5.
  • the facets 5 of the pixels 4 1 - 4 6 are strip-shaped mirror surfaces that are aligned parallel to one another.
  • the orientation of the facets 5 is selected in such a way that a viewer can perceive the surface 3 as a projecting and / or receding surface compared to its actual (macroscopic) spatial shape, which here is the shape of a flat surface.
  • a viewer takes the in Figure 3 Surface 9 shown in section is true when looking at the facets 5. This is achieved by choosing the orientations of the facets 5, which reflect the incident light L1 as if it were on a surface according to the direction indicated by line 9 in FIG Figure 3 indicated three-dimensional shape falls, as is shown schematically by the incident light L2.
  • the reflection generated by the facets 5 of a pixel 4 corresponds to the mean reflection of the area of the surface 9 converted or adjusted by the corresponding pixel 4.
  • a height profile that appears three-dimensional is thus simulated by an arrangement of reflective sawtooth structures (facets 5 per pixel 4), which imitate the reflection behavior of the height profile, screened here.
  • Any three-dimensionally perceptible motifs can thus be generated with the surface 3, such as a person, parts of a person, a number or other objects.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ In addition to the slope ⁇ of the individual facets 5, the azimuth angle ⁇ must also be adapted to the following surface.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is relative to the direction according to arrow P1 ( Figure 2 ) 0 °.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is approximately 170 °, for example.
  • the sawtooth grid of pixel 4 7 is in Figure 4 shown schematically in three-dimensional representation.
  • the reflective sawtooth structures can be written into a photoresist, for example by means of gray-scale lithography, then developed, galvanically molded, embossed in UV lacquer (carrier) and mirrored.
  • the mirroring can be implemented, for example, by means of an applied metal layer (for example vapor-deposited).
  • an aluminum layer with a thickness of 50 nm, for example, is applied.
  • other metals such as silver, copper, chromium, iron, etc. or alloys thereof can also be used.
  • high-index coatings can also be applied, for example ZnS or TiO 2 .
  • the vapor deposition can be applied over the entire surface. However, it is also possible to carry out a coating only in areas or in the form of a grid, so that the security element 1 is partially transparent or translucent.
  • the period A of the facets 5 is the same for all pixels 4 in the simplest case. However, it is also possible to vary the period A of the facets 5 per pixel 4. For example, the pixel 4 7 has a smaller period A than the pixels 4 1 - 4 6 (FIG. 2). In particular, the period A of the facets 5 can be chosen randomly for each pixel. By varying the choice of the period ⁇ of the sawtooth grating for the facets 5, any visibility of a diffraction image going back to the sawtooth grating can be minimized.
  • a fixed period A is provided within a pixel 4. In principle, however, it is also possible to vary the period A within a pixel 4, so that aperiodic sawtooth grids are present per pixel 4.
  • the period A of the facets 5 is on the one hand to avoid undesirable diffraction effects and to minimize the necessary film thickness (thickness of the carrier 8), on the other hand, preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the distance is between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, a distance between 10 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m being particularly preferably selected.
  • the pixels 4 are square. However, it is also possible to design the pixels 4 to be rectangular. Other pixel shapes can also be used, such as a parallelogram or hexagonal pixel shape.
  • the pixels 4 preferably have dimensions that are on the one hand larger than the distance between the facets 5 and on the other hand are so small that the individual pixels 4 do not attract the naked eye. The size range resulting from these requirements is between about 10 and a few 100 ⁇ m.
  • a phase parameter p i can also optionally be introduced for each pixel 4.
  • Ai is the amplitude of the sawtooth grid, ⁇ i the azimuth angle and Ai the grid period. "mod” stands for the modulo operation and returns the positive remainder in the case of division.
  • the amplitude factor Ai results from the slope of the adjusted surface profile 9.
  • the sawtooth grids or the facets 5 of different pixels 4 can be shifted relative to one another. Random values or other values varying per pixel 4 can be used for the parameters p i. As a result, any diffraction pattern of the sawtooth grid (the facets 5 per pixel 4) or the grid grid of the pixels 4 that may still be visible can be eliminated, which can otherwise cause undesirable color effects. Furthermore, due to the varied phase parameters p i, there are also no particular directions in which the sawtooth grids of adjacent pixels 4 fit one another particularly well or particularly poorly, which prevents visible anisotropy.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ and the gradients ⁇ of the facets 5 per pixel 4 can be selected such that they do not correspond as closely as possible to the reproduced surface 9, but rather deviate from it somewhat.
  • a (preferably random) component can be added for each pixel 4 to the optimal value for the adjustment of the surface 9 in accordance with a suitable distribution.
  • different interesting effects can be achieved in this way.
  • With very fine pixels 4 around 20 ⁇ m), the otherwise glossy surface appears increasingly matt as the noise increases. Larger pixels (around 50 ⁇ m) give an appearance comparable to that of a metallic coating.
  • the individual pixels 4 are resolved by the naked eye. They then appear like rough but smooth sections that light up brightly from different viewing angles.
  • the strength of the noise can be selected differently for different pixels 4, which means that the curved surface appears on different ones Places can appear differently smooth or matt. In this way, for example, the effect can be generated that the viewer perceives the surface 3 as a smooth projecting and / or recessed surface that has a matt lettering or texture.
  • the thin-film system can for example have a first, a second and a third dielectric layer which are formed on top of one another, the first and third layers having a higher refractive index than the second layer. Due to the different inclinations of the facets 5, different colors can be perceived by a viewer without having to rotate the security element 1.
  • the perceptible surface thus has a certain color spectrum.
  • the security element 1 can in particular be designed as a multi-channel image that has different sub-areas nested in one another, at least one of the sub-areas being designed in the manner according to the invention, so that this sub-area can be perceived by the viewer as a spatial sub-area.
  • the other partial areas can also be formed in the manner described by means of pixels 4 with at least one facet 5.
  • the other partial areas can, but do not have to, be perceptible as areas projecting and / or receding in relation to the actual spatial shape.
  • the nesting can be designed, for example, in the manner of a chessboard or also of strips. Interesting effects can be achieved by nesting several partial areas.
  • the adjustment of a spherical surface is nested with the representation of a number, this can be done in such a way that for the viewer the impression is created that the number is inside a glass ball with a semi-reflective surface.
  • the security element 1 can additionally provide with color information.
  • color can be printed on the facets 5 (either transparent or thin) or provided below an at least partially transparent or translucent sawtooth structure.
  • a motif represented by means of the pixels 4 can be colored in this way. If, for example, a portrait is being recreated, the layer of paint can provide the color of the face.
  • a combination with a subwavelength grating is also possible.
  • the interlaced display of the same motif using both techniques is advantageous, in which the three-dimensional effect of the sawtooth structures is combined with the color information of the subwavelength gratings.
  • the surface 9 reproduced with the pixels 4 can in particular be a so-called imaginary surface. This is understood here to mean the formation of a reflection or transmission behavior that cannot be produced with a real curved reflecting or transmitting surface.
  • the slope and azimuth of the facets 5 correspond to the gradient of the height function. Cases can now be constructed in which the slope and azimuth of the facets 5 merge practically continuously into one another, but no height function can be found with which the above integral disappears. In this case, we are talking about the adjustment of an imaginary surface.
  • this rotating mirror simulates a surface where you walk continuously uphill along a circle, but at the end arrive back at the same height at which you started. Such a real surface obviously cannot exist.
  • the surface is designed as a reflective surface.
  • the same effects of the three-dimensional effect can essentially also be achieved in transmission if the sawtooth structures or the pixels 4 with the facets 5 (including the carrier 8) are at least partially transparent.
  • the sawtooth structures are preferably located between two layers with different refractive indices. In this case, the security element 1 then appears to the observer like a glass body with a curved surface.
  • the advantageous configurations described can also be used for the transmissive design of the security element 1.
  • the rotating mirror of an imaginary surface can rotate the image when looking through it.
  • the security against forgery of the security element 1 according to the invention can be increased by further features which are only visible with aids and which can also be referred to as hidden features.
  • phase parameters of the individual pixels 4 can be encoded in the phase parameters of the individual pixels 4.
  • a verification mask can be produced with lattice structures that have the same periods and azimuth angles as the security element 1 according to the invention.
  • the lattices of the verification mask can have the same phase parameters as the security element to be verified, and a certain phase difference in other areas . These different areas will appear differently light or dark due to moiré effects when the security element 1 and the verification mask are placed on top of one another.
  • the verification mask can also be provided in the bank note 2 or the other element provided with the security element 1.
  • the pixels 4 can also have other outlines. These outlines can then be recognized with a magnifying glass or a microscope.
  • any other desired structure can also be embossed or inscribed in a small portion of the pixels 4 without this being noticed by the naked eye.
  • these pixels are not part of the area 3, so that the area 3 is interlaced with the differently designed pixels.
  • These other formed pixels can be, for example, every 100th pixel in comparison to the pixels 4 of the area 3.
  • a micro-font or a logo can be incorporated into these pixels, for example 10 ⁇ m letters in a 40 ⁇ m pixel.
  • the facets in the surface 7 of the carrier 8 are formed in such a way that the deepest points or the minimum height values of all facets 5 ( Figure 3 ) lie in one plane.
  • FIG. 13 is a sectional view in the same manner as in FIG Figure 3 however, a mirror surface 10 is drawn in for the pixel 4 4, which mirrors the surface 9 in the region of the pixel 4 4.
  • a pixel size of, for example, 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m
  • such a mirror surface 10 would lead to undesirably large heights d being present.
  • the corresponding mirror surface 10 would protrude from the xy plane by 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • maximum heights d of 10 ⁇ m are preferred.
  • the mirror surface 10 is therefore still subjected to a modulo d operation, so that the in Figure 7 Facets 5 drawn are formed, the normal vectors n of the facets 5 corresponding to the normal vector n of the mirror surface 10.
  • the surface 9 to be readjusted can be present, for example, as a set of x, y values, each with an associated height h in the z direction (3D bitmap).
  • a defined square or 60 ° grid ( Figures 8, 9 ) being constructed. The grid points are connected in such a way that there is an area coverage in the xy plane with triangular tiles, as shown in Figures 8 and 9 is shown schematically.
  • the h values are taken from the 3D bitmap at the three corner points of each tile. The smallest of these h-values is subtracted from the h-values of the three corner points of the tiles. With these new h values at the corner points, a sawtooth surface is built up from inclined triangles (triangular plane pieces). The plane pieces protruding too far from the x-y plane are replaced by the facets 5. The surface description for the facets 5 is thus obtained and the security element 1 according to the invention can be produced.
  • the facets 5 or their orientations are obtained from tangential planes of the surface 9 to be simulated. These can be determined from the mathematical derivation of the function f (x, y, z).
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ of the tangential plane is arctan (n y / n x ) and the slope angle ⁇ of the tangential plane is arccos n z .
  • the surface f (x, y, z) can be arbitrarily curved and (xo, yo, zo) is the point on the surface for which the calculation is currently being carried out. The calculation is carried out one after the other for all the points selected for the sawtooth structure.
  • Regions are cut out from the inclined planes with the normal vectors calculated in this way, which are to be attached to the selected points in the xy plane, so that at neighboring xy points Overlapping of the associated elements can be avoided.
  • the inclined plane pieces that protrude too far out of the xy plane are divided into smaller facets 5, as in connection with Figure 7 has been described.
  • the surface to be readjusted can be described by triangular patches, the flat triangular pieces being spanned between selected points which lie within and on the edge of the surface to be readjusted.
  • the surface can be projected into the xy plane and the individual triangles can be tilted according to their normal vector.
  • the inclined plane pieces form the facets and if they protrude too far from the xy plane, as in connection with Figure 7 has been described, divided into smaller facets 5.
  • the surface to be adjusted is given by triangular patches, you can also proceed as follows.
  • the entire surface to be reproduced is subjected at once (or parts of each surface) to a Fresnel construction modulo d (or modulo di). Since the surface to be simulated consists of plane pieces, triangles that are filled with the facets 5 are automatically created on the xy plane.
  • the construction of the facets can also be carried out as follows.
  • suitable x-y points are selected and they are connected in such a way that the x-y plane is covered with polygon tiles.
  • the normal vector is determined from the surface 9 to be reproduced above a randomly selected point (e.g. a corner point) in each tile.
  • a Fresnel mirror (pixel 4 with several facets 5) corresponding to the normal vector is now attached to each tile.
  • Square tiles or pixels 4 are preferably used. In principle, however, any (irregular) tiling is possible.
  • the tiles can be contiguous (which is preferred for greater efficiency) or there can be joints between the tiles (for example, with circular tiles).
  • the inventive determination of the facets 5 including their orientations can be carried out in two fundamentally different ways.
  • the x-y plane can thus be divided into pixels 4 (or tiles) and the normal vector for the reflective flat surface is determined for each pixel 4, which is then converted into several facets 5 with the same orientation.
  • tiling is therefore initially determined in the x-y plane.
  • the tiling can be created in any way you like. However, it is also possible for the tiling to consist of nothing but equal squares with side length a, where a is preferably in the range from 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the tiling can, however, also consist of different shaped tiles that fit together exactly or in which joints occur.
  • the tiles can be shaped differently and contain coding or hidden information. In particular, the tiles can be adapted to the projection of the surface to be reproduced in the x-y plane.
  • a reference point can then be defined in any way in each tile.
  • the normal vectors in the points of the surface to be simulated, which are perpendicular to the reference points in the tiles, are assigned to the corresponding tiles. If several normal vectors are assigned to the reference point in the surface to be readjusted above the reference point (e.g. at an edge or corner where several surface pieces butt against each other), one can determine an averaged normal vector from these normal vectors.
  • a subdivision is defined in each tile in the x-y plane. This subdivision can be any.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ and the slope angle ⁇ are then calculated from the normal vector.
  • the offset can be arbitrary in any area of the subdivision. However, it is also possible to apply the offset in such a way that the mean values of the facets 5 are all at the same level or that the maximum values of all the facets 5 are at the same level.
  • inclined plane pieces with the normal vector assigned to the tile are then applied computationally as facets 5, taking into account the offset system.
  • the surface shape calculated in this way is then formed in the surface 7 of the carrier 8.
  • each tile in the xy plane it is not only possible to define any subdivision in each tile in the xy plane.
  • the grid lines can be at any distance from one another.
  • grid lines cannot be provided exactly parallel to one another in order to avoid interference, for example.
  • the grid lines are parallel to one another, but have different distances.
  • the different distances between the grid lines can include a coding.
  • the grid lines of all facets 5 in each pixel 4 have the same spacing. The distance can be in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the grid lines can also have the same spacing within each tile or within each pixel 4, but vary per pixel 4.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ and the slope angle ⁇ are then in turn determined from the normal vector.
  • the sawtooth grid defined by grid lines, azimuth angle and angle of inclination is attached to the associated tile by calculation, taking into account the offset system.
  • the plane pieces i are each given by three corner points x 1i , y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i; x 3i , y 3i , Z 3i .
  • the sawtooth surface whose structure thickness in the areas i is smaller than di, results from z modulo di, where z is calculated from the above formula and where the x and y values in the calculation are each within the range given by x 1i , y 1i ; x 2i , y 2i ; x 3i , y 3i given triangle lie in the xy-plane.
  • d i ⁇ tan ⁇ i
  • ⁇ i is the pitch angle of the through x 1i, y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i ; X 3i , y 3i , z 3i given triangle.
  • the plane pieces i are each given by three corner points x 1i, y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i ; x 3i , y 3i , z 3i .
  • the following formula B represents a sawtooth surface which simulates the three-dimensional impression of the surface 9 to be readjusted given by the formula
  • a z y - y 1 , i ⁇ x 2 , i - x 1 , i z 2 , i - z 1 , i x 3 , i - x 1 , i z 3 , i - z 1 , i - x - x 1 , i ⁇ y 2 , i - y 1 , i z 2 , i - z 1 , i y 3 , i - y 1 , i z 3 , i - z 1 , i - z 1 , i x 2 , i - x 1 , i y 2 , i - y 1 , i z 3 , i - z 1 , i -
  • the sawtooth surface according to formula B differs from the surface to be adjusted according to formula A in that the minimum value z 1i in area i is subtracted from the value z.
  • the sawtooth surface according to formula B consists of inclined triangles attached to the xy plane.
  • a maximum thickness di is specified for the structure depth, it is possible that the maximum thickness for the sawtooth surface according to formula B is exceeded.
  • the formation of the individual facets with the same normal vector according to z modulo d i helps, where z is calculated from the above formula B and the x and y values in the calculation are each within the range given by x 1i , y 1i ; x 2i , y 2i ; x 3i , y 3i given triangle lie in the xy-plane.
  • the angle ⁇ i is the slope angle of the through x 1i , y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i ; x 3i , y 3i , z 3i given triangle.
  • This sawtooth grid imitates the original surface 9 to be reproduced, including its three-dimensional impression.
  • This sawtooth grid is flatter than a sawtooth grid created using the same procedure without subdividing the pixels 4 into several facets 5 according to the invention.
  • FIG 10 a top view of three pixels 4 of the area 3 according to a further embodiment is shown, the pixels 4 being irregular (solid lines) with irregular subdivisions or facets 5 (dashed lines).
  • the pixel edges and the subdivisions are straight lines here, but they can also be curved.
  • FIG 11 the corresponding cross-sectional view is shown, the normal vectors of the facets 5 being shown schematically.
  • the normal vectors of all facets 5 are the same per pixel 4, while they differ from pixel 4 to pixel 4.
  • the normal vectors lie obliquely in space and generally not in the plane of the drawing, as in Figure 11 is shown for simplicity.
  • FIG. 11 is a top view with the same division of the pixels 4 as shown in FIG. 11, but the division (facets 5) per pixel 4 being different.
  • the grating period A of the facets 5 in each pixel 4 is constant, but different from pixel 4 to pixel 4.
  • Figure 13 shows the corresponding cross-sectional view.
  • the normal vectors can be determined as follows. One chooses discrete points on the contour lines 15 (in Figure 16 a schematic top view is shown) and connects these points in such a way that a triangular tiling is created. The calculation of the normal vector for the triangles is carried out as already described.
  • the normal vector was always calculated relative to the xy plane.
  • the security element can be provided on a bottle label (for example on the bottle neck) in such a way that the following surface can then be perceived spatially undistorted by a viewer.
  • the security element according to the invention is then applied as a bottle label to the bottle neck (with the cylindrical curvature), the following surface 9 can then be perceived undistorted in a three-dimensional manner.
  • the security element 1 according to the invention can be designed not only as a reflective security element 1, but also as a transmissive security element 1, as has already been mentioned.
  • the facets 5 are not mirrored and the carrier 8 consists of a transparent or at least translucent material, with the view taking place in transparency.
  • a user should perceive the reproduced surface 9 as if a reflective security element 1 according to the invention that is illuminated from the front is present.
  • the facets 5 calculated for a reflective security element 1 are replaced by data for microprisms 16, the corresponding angles in the case of reflection ( Figure 19 ) and for transmissive prisms 16 in Figures 20 and 21 are shown.
  • Figure 20 shows the incidence on the inclined facets 5
  • Figure 21 shows the incidence on the smooth side, which is preferred because of the possible larger angles of incidence of light.
  • the azimuth angle of the reflective facet 5 is referred to as ⁇ s and the slope angle of the facet 5 is referred to as ⁇ s .
  • the refractive index of the microprism 16 is n
  • a reflective surface 9 to be adjusted with a hill 20 and a depression 21 is shown schematically.
  • the negative focal length -f of the reflective hill 20 is r / 2 and the positive focal length f of the reflective trough 21 is r / 2.
  • a lens 22 is shown schematically, which has a transparent concave section 23 and a transparent convex section 24.
  • the concave section 23 simulates the reflecting hill 20, the negative focal length -f of the concave section 23 being 2r.
  • the lens 22 according to Figure 23 can be replaced by the sawtooth arrangement according to FIG.
  • Figures 20 to 23 show schematically the beam path for incident light L. From these beam paths it can be seen that the lens 22 in transmission adjusts the surface 9 as desired.
  • the transparent sawtooth structure shown corresponds essentially to a cast of a corresponding reflective sawtooth structure for the adjustment of the surface 9 according to FIG Figure 25 .
  • the following surface appears much flatter when viewed through (with a refractive index of 1.5) than when viewed in reflection.
  • the height of the sawtooth structure is therefore preferably increased or the number of facets 5 per pixel 4 is increased.
  • both sides of a transparent or at least translucent carrier 8 with a sawtooth structure which has the multiplicity of microprisms 16, as shown in FIG Figures 28 and 29 is indicated.
  • the sawtooth structures 25, 26 are mirror-symmetrical on both sides.
  • the two sawtooth structures 25, 27 are not designed to be mirror-symmetrical.
  • the sawtooth structure 25, 27 is composed of a prismatic surface 28 with a pitch angle ⁇ p and an auxiliary prism 29 with a pitch angle ⁇ h attached below it, as in FIG Figure 30 is shown schematically.
  • ⁇ p + ⁇ h is the effective total prism angle.
  • the ones in the Figures 1 to 30 can also be embedded in transparent material or provided with a protective layer.
  • Embedding takes place in particular to protect the micro-optical elements from contamination and abrasion and to prevent unauthorized readjustment by embossing the surface structure.
  • Figure 33b shows schematically the adjustment of the reflective arrangement of FIG Figure 32a by a transmitting prism arrangement with exposed prisms 16, as already z. B. at the Figures 19-27 discussed.
  • Figure 33b shows schematically a possible re-creation of the reflective arrangement of FIG Figure 32a by embedded prisms 16, the refractive indices of prism material and embedding material 40 having to differ.
  • Scattering facets can be used to reproduce scattering objects (e.g. marble figure, plaster model), here is an example (see Figure 34 ):
  • the following structure is implemented on a film 41 as a carrier material:
  • the embossed facets 5, which simulate the object surface, are located on the back of the film.
  • the facets 5 have dimensions of, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • a lacquer 42 pigmented with titanium oxide is applied to the facets 5, so that the facets 5 are filled with this scattering material.
  • the viewing side is indicated by the arrow P2.
  • a matt reflective object can be reproduced in the following way (see Figure 35 ):
  • the following structure is implemented on a film 41 as a carrier material:
  • the embossed facets 5, which simulate the object surface, are located on the rear side of the film.
  • the facets 5 have dimensions of, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the embossed layer is provided with a semitransparent mirror coating 43 and a lacquer 42 pigmented with titanium oxide (particle size approx. 1 ⁇ m) is applied to it, so that the facets are filled with this scattering material.
  • the item being traced appears matt-glossy.
  • the viewing side is indicated by the arrow P2.
  • the security element 1 according to the invention can be used as a security thread 19 ( Figure 1 ) be trained. Furthermore, the security element 1 can not only be formed, as described, on a carrier film from which it can be transferred to the value document in a known manner. It is also possible to form the security element 1 directly on the value document. Direct printing with subsequent embossing of the security element on a polymer substrate can thus be carried out in order to form a security element according to the invention, for example in the case of plastic banknotes.
  • the security element according to the invention can be formed in the most varied of substrates.
  • a paper with synthetic fibers ie paper with a proportion of x polymeric material in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 100% by weight
  • a plastic film e.g. B. a film made of polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polypropylene (PP) or polyamide (PA), or a multilayer composite, in particular a composite of several different films (composite composite) or a paper-film composite (film / paper / film or paper / film / Paper), wherein the security element can be provided in or on or between each of the layers of such a multilayer composite.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PA polyamide
  • a multilayer composite in particular a composite of several different films (composite composite) or a paper-film composite (film /
  • an embossing tool 30 is shown schematically, with which the facets 5 in the carrier 8 according to FIG Figure 5 can be embossed.
  • the embossing tool 30 has an embossing surface 31 in which the inverted shape of the surface structure to be embossed is formed.
  • embossing tool can also be made available in the same way for the other described embodiments.

Claims (18)

  1. Élément de sécurité pour un papier de sécurité, document de valeur ou objet similaire, comprenant
    un support comportant une zone de superficie divisée en une pluralité de pixels qui comprennent respectivement au moins une facette à effet optique (5),
    cependant que les facettes sont orientées de telle façon que, pour un observateur, la zone de superficie est perceptible comme superficie passant en avant et/ou revenant en arrière par rapport à sa forme spatiale effective, et cependant que, sur les facettes, au moins par zones, un revêtement à effet de changement des couleurs par basculement est engendré, cependant que les facettes orientées réfléchissent de la lumière incidente comme si elle tombait sur une surface implémentée ou simulée, cependant que la réflexion générée par les facettes du pixel correspond à la réflexion moyenne de la zone, de la surface, implémentée ou simulée par le pixel correspondant.
  2. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'orientation des facettes est choisie de telle façon que, pour un observateur, la zone de superficie est perceptible comme une superficie non plane.
  3. Élément de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le revêtement à effet de changement des couleurs par basculement est réalisé en tant que grille à sous-longueurs d'ondes ou en tant que structure en relief diffractive.
  4. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les facettes à effet optique sont engendrées en tant que facettes réflectives.
  5. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les facettes à effet optique sont engendrées en tant que facettes transmissives ayant un effet réfringent.
  6. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les facettes à effet optique sont engendrées de telle façon que les pixels n'ont pas d'effet optiquement diffractif.
  7. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la hauteur maximale des facettes à effet optique n'est pas supérieure à 10 µm.
  8. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la superficie de chaque pixel est inférieure d'au moins un ordre de grandeur à la superficie de la zone de superficie.
  9. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les facettes sont engendrées dans une surface du support.
  10. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications de 1 à 8, dans lequel les facettes sont engendrées en tant que facettes encastrées.
  11. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'orientation des facettes est déterminée par leur inclinaison et/ou par leur angle d'azimut.
  12. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel sur les facettes, au moins par zones, un revêtement réfléchissant ou augmentant la réflexion est engendré, en particulier par un revêtement avec un matériau à indice de réfraction élevé.
  13. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'expansion maximale d'un pixel se situe entre 5 µm et 5 mm, de préférence entre 10 µm et 300 µm, particulièrement de préférence entre 20 µm et 100 µm.
  14. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la zone de superficie est, pour un observateur, perceptible comme superficie imaginaire dont le comportement de réflexion ou de transmission ne peut pas être généré avec une surface bombée réelle réfléchissante ou transmettrice, cependant que la zone de superficie est en particulier perceptible comme miroir tournant.
  15. Élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les orientations de plusieurs facettes sont, par rapport aux orientations pour la génération de la superficie passant en avant et/ou revenant en arrière, modifiées de telle façon que la superficie passant en avant et/ou revenant en arrière est certes encore perceptible, mais avec une surface apparaissant mate.
  16. Document de valeur ayant un élément de sécurité selon une des revendications précédentes.
  17. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de sécurité pour papiers de sécurité, documents de valeur ou objets similaire, dans lequel la surface d'un support est, dans une zone de superficie, modulé de telle façon en hauteur que la zone de superficie est divisée en une pluralité de pixels comprenant respectivement au moins une facette à effet optique, cependant que les facettes sont orientées de telle façon que, pour un observateur de l'élément de sécurité fabriqué, la zone de superficie est perceptible comme superficie passant en avant et/ou revenant en arrière par rapport à sa forme spatiale effective, et cependant que, sur les facettes, au moins par zones, un revêtement à effet de changement des couleurs par basculement est engendré, cependant que les facettes orientées réfléchissent de la lumière incidente comme si elle tombait sur une surface implémentée ou simulée, cependant que la réflexion générée par les facettes du pixel correspond à la réflexion moyenne de la zone, de la surface, implémentée ou simulée par le pixel correspondant.
  18. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 17, dans lequel la surface du support dans la zone de superficie est partagée en morceaux plans, et la surface donnée par les morceaux plans dans son ensemble est soumise à une construction de Fresnel modulo d.
EP16000444.6A 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite Active EP3059093B1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2010/007368 WO2011066990A2 (fr) 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élément de sécurité, document de valeur présentant un tel élément de sécurité, et procédé de production d'un élément de sécurité
EP10790829.5A EP2507069B1 (fr) 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élément de sécurité, document de valeur présentant un tel élément de sécurité, et procédé de production d'un élément de sécurité

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AU2010327031A1 (en) 2012-06-21
RU2573346C2 (ru) 2016-01-20
RU2012127687A (ru) 2014-01-20
WO2011066990A3 (fr) 2011-07-28
US20130093172A1 (en) 2013-04-18
BR112012013451B1 (pt) 2019-12-17
US9827802B2 (en) 2017-11-28
US10525758B2 (en) 2020-01-07
CN102905909A (zh) 2013-01-30
BR112012013451A2 (pt) 2018-10-09
DE102009056934A1 (de) 2011-06-09
AU2010327031C1 (en) 2015-11-12
CN102905909B (zh) 2015-03-04
US20180001690A1 (en) 2018-01-04
CA2780934A1 (fr) 2011-06-09
AU2010327031B2 (en) 2014-07-17
EP3059093A1 (fr) 2016-08-24
EP2507069A2 (fr) 2012-10-10
EP2507069B1 (fr) 2018-08-22
WO2011066990A2 (fr) 2011-06-09
CA2780934C (fr) 2019-08-06

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