EP3059093A1 - Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite - Google Patents

Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3059093A1
EP3059093A1 EP16000444.6A EP16000444A EP3059093A1 EP 3059093 A1 EP3059093 A1 EP 3059093A1 EP 16000444 A EP16000444 A EP 16000444A EP 3059093 A1 EP3059093 A1 EP 3059093A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facets
security element
element according
pixels
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16000444.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3059093B1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Fuhse
Michael Rahm
Andreas Rauch
Kaule Wittich
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/21—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for multiple purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23—Identity cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/24—Passports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/26—Entrance cards; Admission tickets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • B42D2035/20—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a security element for a security paper, value document or the like, a value document with such a security element and a method for producing such a security element.
  • Items to be protected are often provided with a security element that allows verification of the authenticity of the item and at the same time serves as protection against unauthorized reproduction.
  • Items to be protected include, for example, security papers, identity and value documents (such as banknotes, chip cards, passports, identification cards, identity cards, stocks, attachments, certificates, vouchers, checks, tickets, credit cards, health cards, etc.) as well as product security elements such as security items. Labels, seals, packaging, etc.
  • a technique widely used in the field of security elements which gives a practically flat film a three-dimensional appearance, are various forms of holography.
  • these techniques have some disadvantages.
  • the quality of the three-dimensional representation of a hologram depends strongly on the lighting conditions. Especially with diffuse lighting, the representations of holograms are often barely visible.
  • holograms have the disadvantage that they are present in everyday life in many places and therefore their special position as a security feature disappears.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to provide a security element for a security paper, document of value or the like, in which a good three-dimensional appearance is achieved with an extremely flat design of the security element.
  • a security element for a security paper, document of value or the like having a carrier which has a surface area which is divided into a plurality of pixels, each comprising at least one optically effective facet, wherein the plurality of pixels respectively have several of the optically active facets with the same orientation per pixel and the facets are oriented so that the surface area is perceptible to a viewer as compared to its actual spatial form projecting and / or recessed surface.
  • an extremely flat security element in which, for example, the maximum height of the facets is not greater than 10 microns, can be provided, which nevertheless produces a very good three-dimensional impression when viewed. It is therefore possible, by means of a (macroscopically) flat area, to reproduce a surface which appears to be very curved, for the observer.
  • arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional configurations of the perceptible surface can be produced in this manner.
  • portraits, objects, motifs or other three-dimensional appearing objects can be recreated.
  • the three-dimensional impression is always related to the actual spatial form of the surface area.
  • the surface area may be flat or even curved.
  • a three-dimensional appearance related to this basic surface shape is always achieved, so that for a viewer the surface area then does not appear even or curved in the same way as the area itself.
  • the surface area that can be perceived as a protruding and / or recessed surface is understood here in particular to mean that the surface area can be perceived as a continuously curved surface. So the area z. B. be perceived as a surface with an apparent curvature, which differs from the curvature or actual spatial shape of the surface area. With the security element according to the invention can according to z. B. a curved surface can be imitated by adjusting the corresponding reflection behavior.
  • the surface area is in particular a continuous surface area.
  • the surface area can also have gaps or even comprise non-contiguous subareas.
  • the area may be interleaved with other security features.
  • it may, for. B. can be a true color hologram, so that a viewer can perceive the true color hologram and the front and / or recessed surface, which are provided by the surface area according to the invention together.
  • the orientation of the facets is chosen in particular such that the surface area is perceptible to a viewer as a non-planar surface.
  • the plurality of pixels each having a plurality of the optically effective facets having the same orientation per pixel may be 51% of the number of pixels. However, it is also possible that the majority is greater than 60%, 70%, 80% or in particular greater than 90% of the number of pixels.
  • all the pixels of the surface area to each have a plurality of the optically active facets with the same orientation.
  • the optically active facets can be designed as reflective and / or transmissive facets.
  • the facets may be formed in a surface of the carrier. Further, it is possible that the facets are formed both in the top and in the bottom of the carrier and facing each other. In this case, the facets are preferably designed as transmissive facets having a refractive effect, wherein, of course, the carrier itself is also transparent or at least translucent. The dimensions and orientations of the facets are then selected, in particular, such that for a viewer, a surface is perceivable so that it projects forward and / or backward in relation to the actual spatial form of the top and / or underside of the carrier.
  • the carrier may be formed as a layer composite.
  • the facets may lie at an interface within the laminar structure. So the facets z.
  • the facets can be embodied as embedded facets.
  • optically active facets are designed such that the pixels have no optically diffractive effect.
  • the dimensions of the optically active facets may be between 1 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the dimensions of the pixels are chosen such that the area of the pixels is smaller by at least one order of magnitude and preferably by at least two orders of magnitude than the area of the area.
  • the area of the surface area as well as the area of the pixels is to be understood as meaning in particular the area when projected in the direction of the macroscopic surface normal of the surface area onto a plane.
  • the dimensions of the pixels can be chosen such that the dimensions of the pixels are at least in one direction at least an order of magnitude and preferably at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the dimensions of the surface of the surface region.
  • the maximum extent of a pixel is preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 5 mm, preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 20 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the pixel shape and / or the pixel size may, but need not, vary within the security element.
  • the grating period of the facets per pixel is preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m or between 3 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m or between 5 microns and 100 microns, more preferably between 5 microns and 30 microns or between 10 microns and 30 microns.
  • the grating period is chosen in particular such that at least one pixel per pixel two facets of the same orientation are included and that diffraction effects virtually no longer play a role for incident light (eg from the wavelength range of 380 nm to 750 nm).
  • the facets can be referred to as achromatic facets and the pixels as achromatic pixels, which cause a directed achromatic reflection.
  • the security element thus has an achromatic reflectivity with respect to the lattice structure present through the facets of the pixels.
  • the facets are preferably formed as substantially planar surface pieces.
  • the chosen formulation, according to which the facets are formed as essentially flat surface pieces, takes account of the fact that in practice production-related generally never perfectly flat surface pieces can be produced.
  • the orientation of the facets is determined in particular by their inclination and / or their azimuth angle.
  • the orientation of the facets can also be determined by other parameters. In particular, these are two mutually orthogonal parameters, such. B. the two components of the normal vector of each facet.
  • a reflective or reflection-increasing coating (in particular a metallic or high-refractive coating) may be formed at least in regions.
  • the reflective or reflection-enhancing coating may be a metallic coating, for example vapor-deposited.
  • aluminum, gold, silver, copper, palladium, chromium, nickel and / or tungsten and their alloys can be used as the coating material.
  • the reflective or reflection-enhancing coating are formed by a coating with a material having a high refractive index.
  • the reflective or reflection-enhancing coating may in particular be formed as a partially permeable coating.
  • a color-shifting coating may be formed on the facets at least in regions.
  • the color-shifting coating can be designed in particular as a thin-layer system or thin-film interference coating.
  • a layer sequence of metal layer - dielectric layer - metal layer or a layer sequence of three dielectric layers, wherein the refractive index of the middle layer is less than the refractive index of the other two layers are realized.
  • the dielectric material for example, ZnS, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , MgF 2 can be used.
  • the color-shifting coating can also be designed as an interference filter, thin semitransparent metal layer with selective transmission by plasma resonance effects, nanoparticles, etc.
  • the color-shifting layer can in particular also be realized as a liquid-crystal layer, diffractive relief structure or sub-wavelength grating.
  • a thin-film system with a reflector, dielectric, absorber structure (formed on the facets in this order) is also possible.
  • the thin-film system plus facet can not only be designed as a facet / reflector / dielectric / absorber, but also as a facet / absorber / dielectric / reflector.
  • the order depends in particular on which side the security element should be viewed from.
  • visible from both sides color shift effects are possible, if the thin-film system plus facet is designed, for example, as absorber / dielectric / absorber / facet or absorber / dielectric / reflector / dielectric / absorber / facet.
  • the color-shifting coating can be designed not only as a thin-film system but also as a liquid-crystal layer (in particular of cholesteric liquid-crystalline material).
  • a scattering coating or surface treatment of the facets can be provided.
  • Such a coating or treatment may be scattered according to Lambert's cosine law or there may be a scattering reflection with a directional distribution deviating from Lambert's cosine law. In particular, scattering with pronounced preferential direction is interesting here.
  • the embossing surface of the embossing tool in the production of the facets via an embossing process, can additionally be provided with a microstructure in order to produce specific effects.
  • the embossing surface of the embossing tool can be provided with a rough surface, so that facets with scattered reflection arise in the end product.
  • facets can be provided per pixel. It can also be three, four, five or more facets.
  • the number of facets per pixel may in particular be selected such that a maximum predetermined value Facet height is not exceeded.
  • the maximum facet height can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or even 10 ⁇ m.
  • the grating period of the facets can be chosen to be the same for all pixels. However, it is also possible for one or more of the pixels to have different grating periods. Furthermore, it is possible that the grating period varies within a pixel and is thus not constant. Furthermore, in the grating period, a phase information can be imprinted, which is used to encode further information.
  • a verification mask having grating structures can be provided which have the same periods and azimuth angles as the facets in the security element according to the invention. In one subregion of the verification mask, the grids can have the same phase parameter as the security element to be verified and, in other regions, a specific phase difference. If the verification mask is placed over the security element, the different areas will appear differently bright or dark due to the moiré effect. In particular, the verification mask can be provided on the same object to be protected as the security element according to the invention.
  • Such an imaginary surface and in particular such a rotating mirror is very easily detectable and verifiable for a viewer.
  • any real arched reflecting or transmitting surface can be modified into an imaginary surface by means of the surface area of the security element according to the invention.
  • This can be z. B. be realized in that the azimuth angle of all facets are changed, for example, be rotated by a certain angle.
  • This can be interesting effects. If, for example, all azimuth angles are rotated by 45 ° to the right, the surface area for a viewer, when illuminated directly from above, is a curved surface that is apparently illuminated from the top right. Twisting all the azimuth angles by 90 °, the light reflections move when tilted in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction that a viewer would expect. This unnatural reflection behavior then makes it no longer possible for a viewer, for example, to decide whether the curved perceptible surface is present in front of or behind (in relation to the surface area).
  • the carrier may have a further surface area, which is preferably interleaved with the one area area and, in particular, is designed as a further security feature.
  • Such training can z. B. as nesting or as a multi-channel image.
  • the further surface region can be divided into a multiplicity of pixels, each comprising at least one optically active facet, in the same way as the one surface region, wherein preferably the plurality of pixels each have a plurality of the optically effective facets with the same orientation per pixel and the facets are so oriented that for a viewer of the other surface area as compared to its actual spatial shape curved or protruding and / or receding surface is perceptible.
  • z. B. two different three-dimensional representations can be realized.
  • phase information can be hidden or stored as a further security feature.
  • At least one facet can have a light-scattering microstructure on its surface.
  • several or even all facets may have such a light-scattering microstructure on the facet surface.
  • the light-scattering microstructure may be formed as a coating.
  • the facets can also be embedded in a colored material in order to additionally realize a color effect or to recreate a colored object.
  • the orientations of a plurality of facets with respect to the orientations for producing the protruding and / or recessed surface may be changed such that the protruding and / or recessed surface is still perceptible, but with a surface which appears to be matt.
  • the protruding and / or recessed surface can also be presented with a matte surface appearance.
  • the production method according to the invention can in particular be developed so that the security element according to the invention and the developments of the security element according to the invention can be produced.
  • the manufacturing method may further include the step of calculating the pixels from a surface to be tracked.
  • the facets (their dimensions and their orientations) are calculated for all pixels.
  • the height modulation of the surface area can then be carried out.
  • the step of coating the facets may be further provided.
  • the facets can be provided with a reflective or reflection-enhancing coating.
  • the reflective or reflection-enhancing coating can be a complete silvering or even a semi-transparent coating.
  • security paper is understood here in particular as the precursor that can not be processed to a value document which, in addition to the security element according to the invention, may also have further authenticity features (such as, for example, luminescent substances provided in the volume).
  • Value documents are here understood, on the one hand, documents produced from security papers.
  • value documents can also be other documents and objects which can be provided with the security element according to the invention, so that the value documents have non-copyable authenticity features, whereby an authenticity check is possible and at the same time unwanted copying is prevented.
  • an embossing tool with an embossing surface with which the shape of the facets of a security element according to the invention (including its developments) can be embossed in the carrier or in a layer of the carrier.
  • the security element according to the invention can be used as a master for the exposure of volume holograms or for purely decorative purposes.
  • a photosensitive layer in which the volume hologram is to be formed may be brought into contact with the front of the master, and thus with the front of the security element, directly or with the interposition of a transparent optical medium.
  • the security element 1 according to the invention is integrated in a banknote 2 in such a way that the security element 1 differs from the security element 1 shown in FIG FIG. 1 shown front side of the banknote 2 is visible.
  • the security element 1 is formed as a reflective security element 1 with a rectangular outer contour, wherein the limited by the rectangular outer contour surface 3 is divided into a plurality of reflective pixels 4, of which a small part increases in FIG. 2 are shown as a plan view.
  • the pixels 4 are square here and have an edge length in the range of 10 to several 100 microns.
  • the edge length is not greater than 300 microns. In particular, it may be in the range between 20 and 100 microns.
  • the edge length of the pixels 4 is chosen in particular such that the area of each pixel 4 is smaller than the area 3 by at least one order of magnitude, preferably by two orders of magnitude.
  • the plurality of pixels 4 each have a plurality of reflective facets 5 of the same orientation, wherein the facets 5 are the optically effective surfaces of a reflective sawtooth grid.
  • FIG. 3 the sectional view along the line 6 for six adjacent pixels 41, 4 2 , 4 3 , 4 4 , 4 5 and 4 6 is shown, the illustration in FIG. 3 as well as in the other figures is not to scale for better representation is not true to scale. Furthermore, to simplify the illustration in FIGS. 1 to 3 as well as in FIG FIG. 4 the reflective coating on the facets 5 not shown.
  • the sawtooth grid of the pixels 4 is formed here in a surface 7 of a carrier 8, wherein the thus structured surface 7 preferably with a reflective coating (in FIG. 3 not shown).
  • the carrier 8 may be, for example, a radiation-curing plastic (UV resin) which is applied to a carrier foil, not shown, (for example, a PET foil).
  • UV resin radiation-curing plastic
  • the pixels 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 4 , 4 5 and 4 6 each have three facets 5, the orientation per pixel 4 1 , 4 2 , 4 4 , 4 5 and 4 6 is the same.
  • the sawtooth gratings and thus also the facets 5 of these pixels are the same except for their different inclination ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 4 (to simplify the illustration, only the inclination angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 4 of one facet 5 of the pixels 4 1 and 4 4 are shown ).
  • the pixel 4 3 here has only a single facet 5.
  • Seen in plan view are the facets 5 of the pixels 4 1 - 4 6 strip-shaped mirror surfaces which are aligned parallel to each other.
  • the orientation of the facets 5 is chosen so that for a viewer, the surface 3 as compared to their actual (macroscopic) spatial form, which here is the shape of a flat surface, forward and / or recessed surface is perceptible.
  • a viewer takes in the FIG. 3 shown in section surface 9 true when he looks at the facets 5. This is achieved by choosing the orientations of the facets 5 which reflect the incident light L1 as if it were incident on a surface according to the line 9 in FIG FIG. 3 indicated spatial form falls, as shown schematically by the incident light L2.
  • the reflection generated by the facets 5 of a pixel 4 corresponds to the average reflection of the area of the surface 9 that has been converted or readjusted by the corresponding pixel 4.
  • a three-dimensional elevation profile is thus readjusted by a grid-structured arrangement of reflective sawtooth structures (facets 5 per pixel 4) which mimic the reflection behavior of the height profile.
  • facets 5 per pixel 4 the surface 3 can thus be generated any three-dimensionally perceptible motifs, such. a person, parts of a person, a number or other objects.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ of the trailing surface must also be adapted.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is relative to the direction according to arrow P1 ( FIG. 2 ) 0 °.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is approximately 170 °, for example.
  • the sawtooth grid of the pixel 4 7 is in FIG. 4 shown schematically in three-dimensional representation.
  • the reflective sawtooth structures can be written, for example, by means of gray scale lithography in a photoresist, then developed, galvanically molded, embossed in UV paint (carrier) and mirrored.
  • the mirror coating can be realized, for example, by means of an applied metal layer (vapor-deposited, for example).
  • an aluminum layer with a thickness of eg 50 nm is applied.
  • other metals such as silver, copper, chromium, iron, etc., or alloys thereof may also be used.
  • high-index coatings can be applied, for example ZnS or TiO 2 .
  • the evaporation can be full surface. However, it is also possible to carry out a coating only in regions or in a grid-shaped manner, so that the security element 1 is partially transparent or translucent.
  • the period A of the facets 5 is the same for all pixels 4 in the simplest case. However, it is also possible to vary the period A of the facets 5 per pixel 4. For example, the pixel 4 7 has a smaller period A than the pixels 4 1 - 4 6 (FIG. 2). In particular, the period A of the facets 5 can be chosen randomly for each pixel. By varying the choice of the period A of the sawtooth gratings for the facets 5, any visibility of a diffraction pattern originating from the sawtooth gratings can be minimized.
  • a fixed period A is provided within a pixel 4. In principle, however, it is also possible to vary the period ⁇ within a pixel 4, so that aperiodic sawtooth gratings per pixel 4 are present.
  • the period A of the facets 5 is on the one hand to avoid unwanted diffraction effects and to minimize the necessary film thickness (thickness on the other hand, preferably between 3 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the distance is between 5 .mu.m and 100 .mu.m, wherein a distance between 10 .mu.m and 30 .mu.m is particularly preferred.
  • the pixels 4 are square. However, it is also possible to form the pixels 4 rectangular. Also, other pixel shapes may be used, such as a parallelogram or hexagonal pixel shape.
  • the pixels 4 preferably have dimensions which on the one hand are greater than the spacing of the facets 5 and on the other hand are so small that the individual pixels 4 do not disturb the unaided eye. The size range resulting from these requirements is between about 10 and a few 100 ⁇ m.
  • a phase parameter p i can optionally also be introduced for each pixel 4.
  • Ai are the amplitude of the sawtooth grid, ⁇ i the azimuth angle and Ai the grating period.
  • mod stands for the modulo operation and provides the positive remainder in division.
  • the amplitude factor Ai results from the slope of the trailing surface profile 9.
  • the sawtooth gratings or the facets 5 of different pixels 4 can be displaced relative to one another.
  • the parameters p i random values or other values varying per pixel 4 can be used.
  • a possibly still visible diffraction pattern of the sawtooth grating (the facets 5 per pixel 4) or the raster grating of the pixels 4 can be eliminated, which can otherwise cause undesirable color effects.
  • the varied phase parameters p i there are also no excellent directions in which the sawtooth gratings of adjacent pixels 4 fit together particularly well or particularly poorly, which prevents visible anisotropy.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ and the gradients ⁇ of the facets 5 per pixel 4 can be selected such that they do not correspond as well as possible to the trailing surface 9, but deviate somewhat therefrom.
  • a (preferably random) component can be added thereto for each pixel 4 to the optimum value for adjusting the surface 9 in accordance with a suitable distribution.
  • the noise standard deviation of the distribution
  • the strength of the noise can be chosen differently for different pixels 4, whereby the domed appearing surface at different Make different smooth or dull.
  • the effect can be created that the viewer perceives the surface 3 as a smooth protruding and / or receding surface, which has a matte lettering or texture.
  • the thin film system may include first, second, and third dielectric layers formed on each other, wherein the first and third layers have a higher refractive index than the second layer. Due to the different inclinations of the facets 5 different colors are perceptible to a viewer without having to rotate the security element 1.
  • the perceivable surface thus has a certain color spectrum.
  • the security element 1 can in particular be designed as a multi-channel image, which has different, nested part surfaces, wherein at least one of the partial surfaces is formed in accordance with the invention, so that this partial surface is perceived by the viewer as a spatial partial surface.
  • the other partial surfaces may also be formed in the manner described by means of pixels 4 with at least one facet 5.
  • the other partial surfaces may, but need not, be perceptible as an area that protrudes and / or rebounds relative to the actual spatial form.
  • the nesting may for example be checkerboard-like or strip-like.
  • the security element 1 in addition to the already described use of color-shifting coatings, it is also possible to provide the security element 1 according to the invention additionally with color information.
  • color e.g. Color be printed on the facets 5 (either transparent or thin) or provided below an at least partially transparent or translucent sawtooth structure.
  • a coloring of a motif represented by the pixels 4 can thereby be carried out. If e.g. If a portrait is readjusted, the color layer can provide the face color.
  • a combination with a true color hologram or kinegram, in particular the interlacing with a true color hologram, which shows a colored representation of the surface 9 which is traced with the pixels 4, is also possible.
  • the achromatic three-dimensional image of an object appears colored at certain angles.
  • the surface 9 which is traced with the pixels 4 may, in particular, be a so-called imaginary surface. This is understood here as the formation of a reflection or transmission behavior that can not be created with a real domed reflective or transmissive surface.
  • the slope and the azimuth of the facets 5 correspond to the gradient of the height function.
  • the slope and the azimuth of the facets 5 merge into one another virtually continuously, but no height function can be found with which the above integral disappears. In this case we should talk about the reenactment of an imaginary surface.
  • this rotating mirror thus provides a surface, in which one runs continuously uphill along a circle, but at the end arrives again at the same altitude at which one started. Obviously, there is no such real surface.
  • the surface is designed as a reflective surface.
  • the same effects of the three-dimensional effect can essentially also be achieved in transmission if the sawtooth structures or the pixels 4 with the facets 5 (including the carrier 8) are at least partially transparent.
  • the sawtooth structures preferably lie between two layers having different refractive indices. In this case, the security element 1 then appears to the viewer like a glass body with a curved surface.
  • the described advantageous embodiments can also be used for the transmissive design of the security element 1.
  • the rotating mirror of an imaginary surface can see through the image.
  • the security against forgery of the security element 1 according to the invention can be increased by further features visible only with aids, which can also be referred to as hidden features.
  • a verification mask can be produced with lattice structures which have the same periods and azimuth angles as the security element 1 according to the invention.
  • the lattices of the verification mask can have the same phase parameter as the security element to be verified, in other areas a certain phase difference , These different areas will appear differently bright or dark due to moiré effects if the security element 1 and the verification mask are overlaid.
  • the pixels 4 may have other outlines in addition to the outline shapes described. With a magnifying glass or a microscope, these outlines can then be recognized.
  • any other structure can also be embossed or inscribed without the unaided eye noticing this.
  • these pixels are not part of the surface 3, so that there is an interleaving of the surface 3 with the differently formed pixels.
  • These other formed pixels may be, for example, every 100th pixel compared to the pixels 4 of the face 3. It is possible to introduce into these pixels a micro font or a logo, for example 10 ⁇ m letters in a 40 ⁇ m pixel.
  • the facets in the surface 7 of the carrier 8 are formed in such a way that the lowest points or the minimum height values of all the facets 5 (FIG. FIG. 3 ) lie in one plane.
  • the facets 5 such that the mean values of the heights of all facets 5 are at the same level as in FIG. 5 is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view in the same way as in FIG. 3 shown, but for the pixel 4 4 a mirror surface 10 is located, which adjusts the surface 9 in the region of the pixel 4 4 .
  • a pixel size of, for example, 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m
  • such a mirror surface 10 would lead to undesirably large heights d being present.
  • the corresponding mirror surface 10 would project from the xy plane by 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • maximum heights d of 10 ⁇ m are desired. Therefore, the mirror surface 10 is subjected to a modulo d operation, so that the in FIG. 7 5, wherein the normal vectors n of the facets 5 correspond to the normal vector n of the mirror surface 10.
  • the surface 9 to be readjusted can be present, for example, as a set of x, y values, each with assigned height h in the z direction (3D bitmap).
  • a 3D bitmap may have a defined square or 60 ° grid in the xy plane ( Figures 8,9 ) being constructed.
  • the halftone dots are connected in such a way that a surface coverage in the xy plane with triangular tiles results, as in FIGS. 8 and 9 is shown schematically.
  • the facets 5 or their orientations are obtained from tangent planes of the surface 9 to be adjusted. These can be determined from the mathematical derivation of the function f (x, y, z).
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ of the tangential plane is arctan (n y / n x ) and the slope angle ⁇ of the tangential plane is arccos n z .
  • the area f (x, y, z) can be arbitrarily curved and (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) is the point on the area for which the calculation is being performed. The calculation is performed successively for all points selected for the sawtooth structure.
  • the surface to be replicated may be described by triangular patches wherein the planar triangular pieces are stretched between selected points which lie within and at the edge of the surface to be replicated.
  • x i , y i , z i are the triangle vertices.
  • the surface can be projected into the xy plane and the individual triangles can be tilted according to their normal vector.
  • the sloping plane pieces form the facets and, if they protrude too far out of the xy plane, as in conjunction with FIG. 7 has been described, divided into smaller facets 5.
  • nachinesde surface is given by triangular patches, you can also proceed as follows. The entire surface to be replicated is subjected at once (or portions of each surface) to a Fresnel construction modulo d (or modulo di). Since the nachhede surface consists of layer pieces, created automatically on the xy plane triangles that are filled with the facets 5.
  • the construction of the facets can also be carried out as follows.
  • the x-y plane over which the surface 9 to be tracked is defined, one chooses suitable x-y points and connects them so that an area coverage of the x-y plane with polygon tiles results.
  • a randomly chosen point e.g., a vertex
  • a fresnel mirror corresponding to the normal vector is now placed in each tile.
  • square tiles or pixels 4 are used.
  • any (irregular) tiling is possible in principle.
  • the tiles can connect to each other (which is preferred because of the greater efficiency) or it can be joints between the tiles (for example, in the case of circular tiles).
  • the determination of the facets 5 according to the invention can be carried out in two fundamentally different ways.
  • the x-y plane can be divided into pixels 4 (or tiles) and for each pixel 4 the normal vector for the reflective planar surface is determined, which is then converted into several facets 5 of the same orientation.
  • a tiling in the x-y plane is first determined.
  • the tiling can be created completely arbitrarily.
  • the tiling consists of all the same squares with the side length a, where a is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 microns.
  • the tiling can also consist of different shaped tiles that fit together exactly or where joints occur.
  • the tiles can be shaped differently and contain coding or hidden information.
  • the tiles can be adapted to the projection of the surface to be adjusted in the x-y plane.
  • the grid lines can have any distances to each other.
  • the distances of the grid lines follow a certain scheme.
  • grid lines can not be provided exactly parallel to each other, for example to avoid interference.
  • the grid lines are parallel to each other, but have different distances.
  • the different distances of the grid lines may include a coding.
  • the grid lines of all facets 5 in each pixel 4 have the same distances. The distance can be in the range of 1 .mu.m to 20 .mu.m.
  • the grid lines may also have equal distances within each tile or within each pixel 4, but vary per pixel 4.
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ and the pitch angle ⁇ are then determined from the normal vector.
  • the sawtooth grid defined by grid lines, azimuth angle and pitch angle is computationally mounted in the associated tile taking into account the offset system.
  • the plane pieces i are each given by three corner points x 1i , y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i ; x 3i , y 3i , z 3i .
  • the sought sawtooth surface whose structure thickness in the regions i is smaller than d i , results from z modulo di, where z is calculated from the above formula and where the x and y values in the calculation are each within x 1i , y 1i ; x 2i , y 2i ; x 3i , y 3i given triangle lie in the xy plane.
  • the plane pieces i are each given by three vertices x 1i , y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i ; x 3i , y 3i , z 3i .
  • the sawtooth surface according to formula B differs from the surface to be adjusted according to formula A in that the value z is subtracted from the minimum value z 1i in the region i.
  • the sawtooth surface according to formula B consists of inclined triangles attached to the xy plane.
  • a maximum thickness di for the structure depth it may be that the maximum thickness is exceeded at the sawtooth surface according to formula B.
  • the angle ⁇ i is the pitch angle of the angle through x 1i , y 1i , z 1i ; x 2i , y 2i , z 2i , x 3i , y 3i , z 3i given triangle.
  • This sawtooth lattice mimics the original surface 9 to be followed, including its three-dimensional impression.
  • This sawtooth grid is flatter than a sawtooth grid created with the same procedure without subdividing the pixels 4 into a plurality of facets 5 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 3 a plan view of three pixels 4 of the surface 3 according to a further embodiment is shown, wherein the pixels 4 are irregular (solid lines) with irregular subdivisions or facets 5 (dashed lines).
  • the pixel borders and subdivisions are here straight lines, but they can also be curved.
  • FIG. 11 the corresponding cross-sectional view is shown, wherein the normal vectors of the facets 5 are shown schematically. Per pixel 4, the normal vectors of all facets 5 are the same while being different from pixel 4 to pixel 4. The normal vectors lie obliquely in space and generally not in the plane of the drawing, as in FIG. 11 for simplicity.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view with the same pitch of pixels 4 as shown in FIG. 11, but with the division (facets 5) per pixel 4 being different.
  • the grating period A of the facets 5 in each pixel 4 is constant, but different from pixel 4 to pixel 4.
  • FIG. 13 shows the corresponding cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 14 a further modification is shown wherein the pixel shape is the same as in FIG. 10 , However, the subdivision per pixel 4 is coded. Every second grid line spacing is twice the previous grid line spacing.
  • FIG. 15 the corresponding cross-sectional view is shown.
  • the normal vectors are determined as follows. You choose discrete points on the contour lines 15 (in FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view shown) and connects these points so that a triangular tiling arises. The calculation of the normal vector for the triangles is done as already described.
  • the normal vector was always calculated relative to the xy plane.
  • the security element on a bottle label (for example, at the bottleneck) can be provided so that then the trailing surface can be perceived undisturbed by a viewer spatially.
  • the normal vector n relative to the cylindrical surface has to be converted into the normal vector n trans in relation to a plane, so that the production methods described above can be used.
  • the security element according to the invention is then applied as a bottle label to the bottleneck (with the cylindrical curvature), the trailing surface 9 can then be perceived undistorted in a three-dimensional manner.
  • n trans cos ⁇ 0 sin ⁇ 0 1 0 - sin ⁇ 0 cos ⁇ ⁇ n ⁇
  • n normal vector over (x, y).
  • the security element 1 can be designed not only as a reflective security element 1, but also as a transmissive security element 1, as already mentioned.
  • the facets 5 are not mirrored and the carrier 8 is made of a transparent or at least translucent material, the viewing being done in a transparent manner.
  • a user When illuminated from behind, a user should perceive the trailing surface 9 as if there is a front-illuminated inventive reflective security element 1.
  • FIG. 20 shows the incidence on the inclined facets 5
  • FIG. 21 shows the incidence on the smooth side, which is preferred because of the possible larger incidence angles.
  • the azimuth angle of the reflective facet 5 is referred to as ⁇ s and the pitch angle of the facet 5 is referred to as ⁇ s .
  • the refractive index of the microprism 16 is n
  • FIG. 22 schematically a nachumblede reflective surface 9 with a mound 20 and a trough 21 is shown.
  • the negative focal length -f of the specular hill 20 is r / 2
  • the positive focal length f of the specular trough 21 is r / 2.
  • FIG. 23 schematically a lens 22 is shown, which has a transparent concave portion 23 and a transparent convex portion 24.
  • the concave portion 23 simulates the specular mound 20, wherein the negative focal length -f of the concave portion 23 is 2r.
  • the lens 22 according to FIG. 23 can be replaced by the shege leopard himself according to Figure 24.
  • FIGS. 20 to 23 schematically show the beam path for incident light L. From these ray curves it can be seen that the lens 22 in transmission adjusts the surface 9 as desired.
  • FIGS. 25 to 27 an example is shown in which the sawtooth side is on the light incident side. Otherwise, the representation of Figure 25 corresponds to the representation of FIG. 22 , corresponds to the representation of FIG. 26 the representation in FIG. 23 and corresponds to the representation of FIG. 27 the representation in FIG. 24 ,
  • transparent sawtooth structure substantially corresponds to a cast of a corresponding reflective sawtooth structure for adjusting the surface 9 according to FIG. 25 ,
  • the trailing surface in transparency appears much flatter than in reflection. Therefore, the height of the sawtooth structure is preferably increased or the number of facets 5 per pixel 4 is increased.
  • both sides of a transparent or at least translucent support 8 with a sawtooth structure having the plurality of microprisms 16, as shown in FIG FIGS. 28 and 29 is indicated.
  • the sawtooth structures 25, 26 are mirror-symmetrical on both sides.
  • the two sawtooth structures 25, 27 are not mirror-symmetrical.
  • the sawtooth structure 25, 27 is composed of a prismatic surface 28 with a pitch angle ⁇ p and an auxiliary prism 29 attached thereto with a pitch angle ⁇ h , as in FIG. 30 is shown schematically.
  • ⁇ p + ⁇ h is the effective total prism angle.
  • Reflective or refractive security elements shown can also be embedded in transparent material or provided with a protective layer.
  • An embedding is done in particular to protect the micro-optical elements from dirt and abrasion and to prevent unauthorized readjustment by embossing the surface structure.
  • FIG. 32ac shows the arrangement before embedding.
  • a refractive index difference between prism material and potting material 40 is required and must be taken into account when calculating the light beam deflection.
  • FIG. 33b schematically shows the adjustment of the reflective array of FIG. 32a by a transmitting prism arrangement with exposed prisms 16, as already z. B. in the Figures 19-27 discussed.
  • FIG. 33b schematically shows a possible adjustment of the reflective array of FIG. 32a by embedded prisms 16, wherein the refractive indices of prism material and potting material 40 must differ.
  • the security element 1 according to the invention can be used as a security thread 19 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) be formed. Furthermore, the security element 1 can not only, as described, be formed on a carrier foil, from which it can be transferred in a known manner to the value document. It is also possible to design the security element 1 directly on the value document. Thus, a direct printing with subsequent embossing of the security element can be carried out on a polymer substrate, for example, to form a security element according to the invention in plastic banknotes.
  • the security element according to the invention can be formed in a wide variety of substrates.
  • a paper with synthetic fibers ie paper with a content x polymeric material in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 100 wt .-%
  • a plastic film for.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PP polypropylene
  • PA polyamide
  • a multilayer composite in particular a composite of several different films (composite composite) or a
  • FIG. 31 schematically an embossing tool 30 is shown with which the facets 5 in the carrier 8 according to FIG. 5 can be shaped.
  • the embossing tool 30 has an embossing surface 31, in which the inverted shape of the surface structure to be embossed is formed.
  • embossing tool can be provided in the same way.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Duplication Or Marking (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
EP16000444.6A 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite Active EP3059093B1 (fr)

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DE102009056934A DE102009056934A1 (de) 2009-12-04 2009-12-04 Sicherheitselement, Wertdokument mit einem solchen Sicherheitselement sowie Herstellungsverfahren eines Sicherheitselementes
EP10790829.5A EP2507069B1 (fr) 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élément de sécurité, document de valeur présentant un tel élément de sécurité, et procédé de production d'un élément de sécurité
PCT/EP2010/007368 WO2011066990A2 (fr) 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élément de sécurité, document de valeur présentant un tel élément de sécurité, et procédé de production d'un élément de sécurité

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EP10790829.5A Division-Into EP2507069B1 (fr) 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élément de sécurité, document de valeur présentant un tel élément de sécurité, et procédé de production d'un élément de sécurité

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EP16000444.6A Active EP3059093B1 (fr) 2009-12-04 2010-12-03 Élement de securite, document de valeur dote d'un tel element de securite ainsi que procede de fabrication d'un element de securite

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DE102009056934A1 (de) 2011-06-09
CN102905909A (zh) 2013-01-30
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EP2507069A2 (fr) 2012-10-10
US20130093172A1 (en) 2013-04-18
EP3059093B1 (fr) 2021-03-31
US20180001690A1 (en) 2018-01-04
AU2010327031B2 (en) 2014-07-17
EP2507069B1 (fr) 2018-08-22
RU2012127687A (ru) 2014-01-20
US9827802B2 (en) 2017-11-28
AU2010327031C1 (en) 2015-11-12
AU2010327031A1 (en) 2012-06-21
CA2780934C (fr) 2019-08-06
CN102905909B (zh) 2015-03-04
WO2011066990A3 (fr) 2011-07-28
BR112012013451B1 (pt) 2019-12-17
CA2780934A1 (fr) 2011-06-09
US10525758B2 (en) 2020-01-07
RU2573346C2 (ru) 2016-01-20

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