EP2497650A1 - Procédé de traitement de la surface structurée d'un outil d'imprégnation - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de la surface structurée d'un outil d'imprégnation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2497650A1
EP2497650A1 EP20110001986 EP11001986A EP2497650A1 EP 2497650 A1 EP2497650 A1 EP 2497650A1 EP 20110001986 EP20110001986 EP 20110001986 EP 11001986 A EP11001986 A EP 11001986A EP 2497650 A1 EP2497650 A1 EP 2497650A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mask
gloss
areas
applying
gloss levels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20110001986
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2497650B1 (fr
EP2497650C0 (fr
Inventor
Martin Marxen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hueck Rheinische GmbH
Original Assignee
Hueck Rheinische GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PT13000993T priority Critical patent/PT2626216T/pt
Application filed by Hueck Rheinische GmbH filed Critical Hueck Rheinische GmbH
Priority to EP13000993.9A priority patent/EP2626216B1/fr
Priority to EP11001986.6A priority patent/EP2497650B1/fr
Priority to ES13000993.9T priority patent/ES2688298T3/es
Priority to PL13000993T priority patent/PL2626216T3/pl
Priority to RU2013122408/12A priority patent/RU2582445C2/ru
Priority to CN201280004183.3A priority patent/CN103313860B/zh
Priority to US13/991,424 priority patent/US9138774B2/en
Priority to PCT/DE2012/000223 priority patent/WO2012119586A1/fr
Priority to JP2013541209A priority patent/JP6213774B2/ja
Priority to CA2817270A priority patent/CA2817270C/fr
Publication of EP2497650A1 publication Critical patent/EP2497650A1/fr
Priority to US14/826,220 priority patent/US9561524B2/en
Priority to CY181100987T priority patent/CY1120708T1/el
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2497650B1 publication Critical patent/EP2497650B1/fr
Publication of EP2497650C0 publication Critical patent/EP2497650C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/06Platens or press rams
    • B30B15/062Press plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B5/00Machines or apparatus for embossing decorations or marks, e.g. embossing coins
    • B44B5/02Dies; Accessories
    • B44B5/026Dies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25FPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/16Polishing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing a structured surface of an embossing tool, in which the surface is provided with a first metallic coating over the entire surface and in selected areas at least one further metallic coating having a different degree of gloss.
  • thermosetting resins for example melamine, phenolic or melamine / urea resins.
  • a structured metallic press plate preferably a steel sheet, is used for this purpose as an embossing tool.
  • the embossing tools are additionally provided with a coating.
  • embossing tools are used in this method, which were produced by means of digital printing technology, so that the decorative papers used are also produced to scale according to the digital printing process and congruent can.
  • embossing tools are used in this method, which were produced by means of digital printing technology, so that the decorative papers used are also produced to scale according to the digital printing process and congruent can.
  • a passagenaue arrangement of the decorative paper and the embossed structure can be achieved, whereby much better results than in the prior art can be achieved.
  • Embossing tools in the form of press plates or endless belts are produced according to the prior art by appropriate machining of the surface, by producing a desired surface structure.
  • the pretreated sheet was provided with a matrix, for example by means of a screen printing process, so that subsequently an etching of the sheet can take place.
  • An etching of the sheet takes place here only in the areas that are not covered by the matrix. Due to the sheet size used in this case a very accurate processing and especially congruent processing is required, as far as the production of the surface structure takes place in several steps.
  • An alternative method is first to apply a photo layer, which is then subjected to an exposure to rinse the press plates or endless belts after the final development of the photo layer, so that only those parts of the photo layer remain, which form the mask for the subsequent etching process .
  • the reproducibility of the masks produced in this way is very difficult and problematic because the negative or positive used for exposure of the photosensitive layer must always be arranged exactly in the same position relative to the existing structuring.
  • several exposure and etching operations are required. Due to the fact that they are extremely large press plates, even the slightest deviation leads to considerable shifts in the structures.
  • the reproducibility of the application of the mask is therefore associated, in particular in the photographic process to achieve a high imaging accuracy with considerable difficulties.
  • the difficulties can be further increased if a three-dimensional structure has to be achieved by a plurality of exposure and etching processes which are required in succession and there is the need to apply a plurality of masks in succession and to perform an etching process between each mask application.
  • Due to the required exact positioning and the required number of corresponding masks the production of the press plates or endless belts is very complicated and expensive.
  • the achievable results are also very much dependent on the methods used, which due to the size of the press plates or endless belts a complex handling must be considered.
  • a UV varnish with the aid of a print head on the surface of the embossing tools to be machined, in particular press plates or to apply endless ribbons.
  • the particular advantage of the digitized printing technique is that almost identical masks can be repeatedly applied to existing structures again and thus several etching operations, for example, to achieve a deep structure, successively passagenau can be performed.
  • a method for applying coatings to surfaces is known in which a nozzle head is used and the individual nozzles are controlled by control signals. Either the nozzle head can be moved over the surface or the surface to be treated is moved relative to the nozzle head. Preference is given here a UV varnish is used, which is cured after application to the surface by irradiation with UV light.
  • the structuring of the surfaces of the press plates or endless belts are subjected to a plurality of cleaning process and can additionally be coated with a nickel layer, which is then refined by further metallic coatings.
  • the metallic coatings give the surface a desired degree of gloss and a necessary surface hardness.
  • the degree of gloss is responsible for the fact that after compression of the materials to be processed with the help of the press plates or endless belts hereby pressed structure receives different shades and color reflections.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a further improved embossing tool and a method for producing the same to a To enable a variety of shading possibilities with appropriate transfer to a wood material.
  • these gloss levels are produced by a metallic coating and on the other hand by mechanical or chemical processing, wherein between the individual treatment steps, a digitized mask is applied to only edit or coat the areas that should receive a different gloss level.
  • a hard chrome plating with a certain degree of gloss over the entire surface after completion of the structuring measures, then after application of a matrix, a part of this surface with a different degree of gloss can be achieved by mechanical, chemical or possibly further application of a metallic coating.
  • a mask can be applied several times to further partial areas of the surface structure with further of the first Gloss levels to provide different degrees of gloss.
  • a metallic coating may also be applied in individual cases, but also a mechanical or chemical treatment method may be used.
  • a digital printing technique is used to apply the protective layer (mask), which guarantees the exact pass-through application of the protective layer, even with repeated repetition.
  • the application of the protective layer can be carried out in subsequent steps in the form that this is applied at least partially overlapping or non-overlapping to the already completed areas.
  • the degree of gloss of an embossing tool in particular a press plate or an endless belt, at least partially deviate from each other in partial areas.
  • the visual impression is sustainably improved and leads to a surface that is congruent executable due to the passport-accurate artwork and passport-accurate matrix and thus not only a different depth structure can be achieved, but also a different gloss level to highlight certain structural areas.
  • This gloss level difference can be optionally provided, for example, the raised Areas have a higher gloss level than the lower-lying areas or vice versa.
  • the multiple application of different degrees of gloss be it by further coatings or by mechanical or chemical methods, the structured areas of the surface of the press plate or endless belt can be highlighted even more clearly than was previously possible.
  • a significant improvement of a detailed structuring is possible.
  • a lacquered real wood surface can be modeled, wherein the raised surfaces have a certain degree of matt and the deeper wood pore, due to the light reflection, show a shiny area.
  • the wood pore structures required in this case are produced with the aid of the pass-through-accurate matrix and known etching technologies.
  • a deep etching is usually carried out first and then a circular etching in order to emphasize the shape of the pore structure.
  • a mechanical polish can be done before the surface is cleaned and degreased.
  • the structured surface can be additionally activated before the application of the coatings, or other coatings which ensure better adhesion, for example a nickel layer, can be applied.
  • a first applied metallic coating usually consists of a chrome plating, which is a high-gloss chrome plating or a matt chrome plating can act. It is in any case conceivable that instead of a chrome plating other metal coatings are made. However, as far as a first coating has been applied by means of a chrome plating, it is imperative that the protective layer (mask) to be applied consists of a chromic acid-resistant material, so that the protective layer is not affected during the chrome plating or further chromium plating steps.
  • the protective layer can be provided as a further intermediate step, the protective layer being completely removed after the second treatment has been carried out.
  • a method step by matte etching, sandblasting or mechanical polishing can be provided in addition to a metallic coating.
  • the aforementioned method describes the possibility of applying a first mask to the existing surface of the embossing tool to carry out a chemical processing of the surface to achieve a surface structure and then to perform a re-processing of the surface provided with the second mask after applying a second passagenauen mask.
  • the surface can be polished, activated, cleaned, and chrome plated before applying another third matte mask to the chrome surface.
  • the third mask covers the areas which are no longer subject to further treatment, while the exposed areas are subsequently given a different degree of gloss by a renewed metallic coating or mechanical or chemical aftertreatment.
  • the application of further masks and further aftertreatments by a metallic coating or mechanical or chemical aftertreatment can hereby be repeated as desired.
  • the abovementioned methods are characterized in that there is a structure-conforming overlap and that no deviation from the desired structure results over the entire surface of the press plates or endless belts.
  • the number of masks is determined here by the number of necessary processing steps, with the structuring of the surface being the main focus in order to then be able to make a desired degree of gloss adjustment.
  • at least a first degree of gloss is predetermined by metallic coating, while further partial gloss levels are given a different degree of gloss either by metallic coating or by mechanical or chemical treatment methods.
  • the frequency of the applied masks and processing operations depends essentially on the surface structuring, whether it is, for example, a lifelike replica of a wooden pore or a rock surface or graphic artificial structures are to be reproduced faithfully.
  • the application of the method according to the invention leads to an embossing tool with a structured surface which extends over the entire surface over the entire surface of the embossing tool and has different gloss levels with the aid of metallic coatings and aftertreatment methods.
  • a material coating with chrome is made for this purpose, since these is particularly hard and is most suitable for the pressing operations to be carried out.
  • the particular advantage of the method according to the invention and the embossing tool presented here is to produce identical structures, as they are known from nature, with different degrees of gloss, which have a particularly appealing look and feel, giving the impression that it has grown, for example natural wood acts. Due to the different degree of gloss, certain areas, for example, raised areas or even lower areas, can additionally be provided with several different degrees of gloss, so that the structure emerges very concisely and produces an optical effect which leads to a material surface which, for example, hardly grows from grown wood to distinguish. Alternatively, it is possible to feel other, lifelike surfaces accordingly.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an inventive press plate 1, which is flat in the embodiment shown. In the case of an endless belt, however, this embossing tool can also be curved.
  • Press plate 1 shows a grain 2 which is modeled on the shape of a wood structure.
  • a grain 2 which is modeled on the shape of a wood structure.
  • other grains or other surface textures are produced in this way by the method according to the invention and the etching process required for this purpose.
  • FIG. 2 shows in an enlarged side view a part of the front edge region of the press plate 1 and the structure thereon 3, which has a mountain-like surface with valleys 4 and heights 5.
  • the surface is produced by one or more etching processes, after which a matrix has previously been applied in a standard process or a digitized printing technique, the regions which are not to be subjected to the etching processes being masked by the mask. With the aid of the etching process, for example, fine surface structures and deep structures can be produced, which are then optionally additionally rounded off by mechanical processing or etching processes. After the surface has been etched, the surface structure is completed by further chemical processing, polishing and, where appropriate, activation of the polished surface, so that subsequent cleaning takes place before a first metallic coating 6 with a certain degree of gloss is applied.
  • the metallic coating 6 has a certain degree of gloss, which depends on the customer's wishes. Subsequently, a mask is applied to this first metallic coating 6 which covers the areas which are not to be subjected to any further treatment. In contrast, the exposed areas can be provided with a different degree of gloss by further processing methods, for example matte etching, sand blasting or mechanical polishing or repeated application of a metallic coating.
  • the method according to the invention provides that in each case a mask is applied for specific partial areas and the exposed areas are subjected to a further treatment process. After removal of the applied mask, this process can be repeated several times, so that the structure 3 of the press plate 1 receives different degrees of gloss in selected areas.
  • different degrees of gloss have been produced on the first metallic coating 6 by applying different masks and subsequent treatment methods.
  • the areas marked in white 7 have the gloss level of the first metallic coating 6, while on the other hand the tips of the heights 5 have different degrees of gloss.
  • These different degrees of gloss are characterized by completely colored areas 8 and by hatched areas 9 and 10.
  • a gloss level deviating therefrom has been created by applying a corresponding mask through a subsequent process step. These areas 11 are shown in dots.
  • the present invention makes it possible to vary the arrangement of the individual gloss levels as desired. Insofar as a wood structure is reproduced on the press sheet 1 by the etching methods used, it is possible, for example, to provide the raised areas 7 with a matt degree of gloss and to provide the lower areas forming the wood pores with a higher degree of gloss.
  • adjacent raised areas can be provided with different degrees of gloss. It is also possible to provide the flanks of individual elevated areas with a different degree of gloss to clearly express the appearance of the wood pores. By this measure, the wood pore structures that match exactly register with the wood decor print are highlighted and give the with The products produced on press plates appear to have the appearance of a real wood character, which is very close to the natural product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Finished Plywoods (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
EP11001986.6A 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement de la surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage Active EP2497650B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13000993.9A EP2626216B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement d'une surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage et l'outil de gaufrage
EP11001986.6A EP2497650B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement de la surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage
ES13000993.9T ES2688298T3 (es) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procedimiento para procesar una superficie estructurada de una herramienta de grabado en relieve y la herramienta de grabado en relieve
PL13000993T PL2626216T3 (pl) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Sposób obróbki powierzchni narzędzia do wytłaczania mającej strukturę oraz narzędzie do wytłaczania
PT13000993T PT2626216T (pt) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Processo para processamento de uma superfície estruturada de uma ferramenta de estampagem e a ferramenta de estampagem
PCT/DE2012/000223 WO2012119586A1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2012-03-08 Procédé de traitement d'une surface structurée d'un outil d'estampage
CN201280004183.3A CN103313860B (zh) 2011-03-10 2012-03-08 用于处理压花工具的结构化的表面的方法
US13/991,424 US9138774B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2012-03-08 Method for processing a structured surface of an embossing tool
RU2013122408/12A RU2582445C2 (ru) 2011-03-10 2012-03-08 Способ обработки структурированной поверхности штампа для тиснения
JP2013541209A JP6213774B2 (ja) 2011-03-10 2012-03-08 型打ち工具の構造化された表面を加工する方法
CA2817270A CA2817270C (fr) 2011-03-10 2012-03-08 Procede de traitement d'une surface structuree d'un outil d'estampage
US14/826,220 US9561524B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2015-08-14 Method for processing a structured surface of an embossing tool
CY181100987T CY1120708T1 (el) 2011-03-10 2018-09-25 Μεθοδος για την επεξεργασια μιας δομημενης επιφανειας ενος εργαλειου αναγλυφης αποτυπωσης και το εργαλειο αναγλυφης αποτυπωσης

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11001986.6A EP2497650B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement de la surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13000993.9A Division-Into EP2626216B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement d'une surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage et l'outil de gaufrage
EP13000993.9A Division EP2626216B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement d'une surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage et l'outil de gaufrage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2497650A1 true EP2497650A1 (fr) 2012-09-12
EP2497650B1 EP2497650B1 (fr) 2023-10-11
EP2497650C0 EP2497650C0 (fr) 2023-10-11

Family

ID=44584780

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11001986.6A Active EP2497650B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement de la surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage
EP13000993.9A Active EP2626216B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement d'une surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage et l'outil de gaufrage

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13000993.9A Active EP2626216B1 (fr) 2011-03-10 2011-03-10 Procédé de traitement d'une surface structurée d'un outil de gaufrage et l'outil de gaufrage

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US9138774B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2497650B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6213774B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103313860B (fr)
CA (1) CA2817270C (fr)
CY (1) CY1120708T1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2688298T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2626216T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2626216T (fr)
RU (1) RU2582445C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012119586A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

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WO2013163971A1 (fr) * 2012-05-04 2013-11-07 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Tôle emboutie ou bande sans fin présentant différents degrés de brillance et plaque de matériau ainsi fabriquée
EP3088173A1 (fr) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-02 Berndorf Band GmbH Bande sans fin pour un corps de bande en metal
ITUB20153556A1 (it) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-11 Flai Srl Procedimento migliorato per la realizzazione di stampi metallici, quali lamiere, cilindri e similari provvisti di almeno una superficie strutturata e stampi metallici ottenuti con questo procedimento
AT519302A1 (de) * 2016-12-01 2018-05-15 Ing Michael Muellner Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Pressmatrize
CN109514674A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2019-03-26 施子良 一种红木家具结巴处理方法
US10563309B1 (en) 2015-10-13 2020-02-18 Kings Mountain International, Inc. Method for creating a textured press plate
DE102019127657A1 (de) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-15 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Presswerkzeug
DE102019127655A1 (de) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-15 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Presswerkzeug und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Presswerkzeugs
WO2021074066A1 (fr) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Moule à compression et procédé de fabrication d'un moule à compression
WO2021074063A1 (fr) * 2019-10-15 2021-04-22 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Outil de presse et procédé de production d'un outil de presse
WO2023078731A1 (fr) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Outil de presse et procédé de fabrication d'une plaque machine
WO2023078730A1 (fr) * 2021-11-04 2023-05-11 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Outil de presse et procédé de production de plaque de presse

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PL2848424T3 (pl) * 2013-09-13 2020-05-18 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Sposób wytwarzania struktury powierzchniowej na narzędziu do wytłaczania poprzez nanoszenie powłok metalowych
PL3169532T3 (pl) 2014-07-16 2023-12-18 Välinge Innovation AB Sposób wytwarzania folii termoplastycznej odpornej na ścieranie
CN107124891A (zh) * 2015-01-14 2017-09-01 瓦林格创新股份有限公司 制造具有不同光泽度的耐磨层的方法
CN106637323B (zh) * 2016-10-20 2019-05-21 张根清 金属表面亮雾同体外观面加工工艺
CA3087903A1 (fr) * 2018-01-08 2019-07-11 Plastpro 2000, Inc. Porte comprenant une surface noueuse et son procede de fabrication
USD898953S1 (en) 2018-06-20 2020-10-13 Plastpro 2000, Inc. Plastic wall panel
USD905973S1 (en) * 2019-05-20 2020-12-29 Schattdecor Ag Sheet material
USD927858S1 (en) * 2020-04-03 2021-08-17 Schattdecor Ag Sheet material
CN111850640A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-30 张麟敏 一种电镀暗铬层表面结构化的金属压制板及制备方法
EP4201693A1 (fr) 2021-12-21 2023-06-28 Sesa S.p.A. Procédé de fabrication d'une surface d'un élément de presse, élément de pression obtenu selon ce procédé et procédé de production de panneaux revêtus utilisant un tel élément de presse
DE102022116429A1 (de) 2022-06-30 2024-01-04 Hueck Rheinische Gmbh Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Oberfläche eines Presswerkzeugs und Polierwerkzeug zum Polieren einer Oberfläche eines Presswerkzeugs

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JP2014504965A (ja) 2014-02-27
CY1120708T1 (el) 2019-12-11
US20130299454A1 (en) 2013-11-14
CA2817270C (fr) 2017-11-21
US9138774B2 (en) 2015-09-22
EP2497650B1 (fr) 2023-10-11
PT2626216T (pt) 2018-10-22
RU2582445C2 (ru) 2016-04-27
WO2012119586A1 (fr) 2012-09-13
CN103313860A (zh) 2013-09-18
US20150343835A1 (en) 2015-12-03
RU2013122408A (ru) 2014-11-27
PL2626216T3 (pl) 2018-12-31
EP2626216A1 (fr) 2013-08-14
EP2626216B1 (fr) 2018-07-11
US9561524B2 (en) 2017-02-07
CA2817270A1 (fr) 2012-09-13
EP2497650C0 (fr) 2023-10-11
CN103313860B (zh) 2016-03-30
ES2688298T3 (es) 2018-10-31

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