EP4041560A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une couche de fond avec différents degrés de dureté et pièce à différents degrés de dureté - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une couche de fond avec différents degrés de dureté et pièce à différents degrés de dureté

Info

Publication number
EP4041560A1
EP4041560A1 EP21786157.4A EP21786157A EP4041560A1 EP 4041560 A1 EP4041560 A1 EP 4041560A1 EP 21786157 A EP21786157 A EP 21786157A EP 4041560 A1 EP4041560 A1 EP 4041560A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base layer
masking
layer
electromagnetic radiation
radiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21786157.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
René Pankoke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Original Assignee
Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau filed Critical Hymmen GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Publication of EP4041560A1 publication Critical patent/EP4041560A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/06—Veined printings; Fluorescent printings; Stereoscopic images; Imitated patterns, e.g. tissues, textiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
    • B05D7/532—Base coat plus clear coat type the two layers being cured or baked together, i.e. wet on wet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2490/00—Intermixed layers
    • B05D2490/60—Intermixed layers compositions varying with a gradient parallel to the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
    • B41M2205/14—Production or use of a mask
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0081—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/009—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
    • B44C3/025—Superimposing layers to produce ornamental relief structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a base layer with different degrees of hardness and a workpiece with different degrees of hardness.
  • a workpiece with a decoratively printed surface and a matching optically visible and tactile structure can be produced with the present invention, and a method and a device for producing such a workpiece are described.
  • EP 3 109 056 A1 describes a method for producing a structure on a surface. To do this, a liquid layer is applied to a workpiece. A manipulation agent in the form of droplets is then sprayed onto the liquid layer, with the liquid layer being displaced by the droplets, so that depressions are formed in it, which together form a structure in the liquid layer. This layer is then fixed. In this way, a surface can be produced on the layer that has a wood or tile look, for example.
  • EP 3 415 316 A1 discloses a method in which a manipulation agent is applied to the liquid layer in the form of droplets or fine droplets, the manipulation agent having the property of at least partially absorbing electromagnetic radiation.
  • a manipulation agent When the liquid layer is irradiated, for example with an excimer laser, polymerization takes place on the surface of the liquid layer, which causes microfolds there, which later results in a matt surface.
  • the manipulation means on the surface of the liquid layer absorbs the radiation at least partially, so that the polymerization of the underlying layer takes place to a lesser extent at these points. These areas are less glossy as a result.
  • the means of manipulation can be used to introduce depressions into the liquid layer.
  • a substantially transparent base layer 3 above a, for example, digitally printed decorative layer with an average layer thickness d contains a depression 6, eg the reproduction of a wood pore.
  • the acute angle between a horizontal tangent in the bottom of the recess, ie the deepest point of the recess 6, and a tangent on the wall of the recess 6 is to be referred to as the interior angle ⁇ .
  • the tangent should advantageously be applied to the wall of the depression 6 in the upper half of the depression 6, ie along the first half of the distance from the opening to the bottom of the depression 6. If the depression 6 is designed as a through hole, the tangent is in to create one half of the connection of both openings of the recess.
  • a horizontal tangent cannot be drawn to the bottom of the cavity, a line perpendicular to the axis of the through hole or parallel to the surface of the base layer can be drawn instead.
  • the known digital methods have the disadvantage that the base layer 3 is not or at least not completely removed during further post-processing, cf. WO/2020 039 361 A1, for example.
  • the base layer 3 is not or at least not completely removed during further post-processing, cf. WO/2020 039 361 A1, for example.
  • the method presented there only the “Liquid B” mentioned there is removed again after irradiation, but not “Liquid A”. This leads to the already mentioned disadvantages of a lower "sharp edge” and a lower optical and haptic depth.
  • Gloss levels are given below according to the gloss measurement according to DIN EN ISO 2813:2015-02.
  • Gloss measurement measures the amount of light reflected from a surface relative to a polished glass reference standard.
  • the unit of measurement used is GU (Gloss Units).
  • the amount of light reflected on the surface depends on the angle of incidence and the properties of the surface.
  • different angles of incidence (20°, 60° and 85°) can be used to determine the degree of reflection, with the measurement preferably being carried out using the angle of incidence of 60°.
  • the average of measurements for the three angles of incidence can also be used. Reflectance compares the percentage of light energy emitted and received by a gloss meter at a specific angle of incidence.
  • a panel can also be produced with a gloss level of 2-8 GU, preferably 2-6 GU on the surface, and 8-15 GU, preferably 10-12 GU at the bottom of the pores.
  • the base layer can represent a finished product that has indentations and/or has areas with different degrees of hardness.
  • the base layer can also be further processed in a downstream production process, for example by further surface treatment, adding or removing material and the like.
  • the downstream production process can follow directly, for example on one and the same production line, the production of the base layer with different degrees of hardness, or it can take place at a later point in time, the base layer with different degrees of hardness initially being present as an intermediate product.
  • electromagnetic radiation is used below. If this is not specified in more detail, it can/can be understood to mean in particular UV radiation and/or IR radiation. However, this should not exclude other radiation areas or types of radiation.
  • a method is therefore preferably provided, in particular for producing areas that have different degrees of hardness in a base layer, with the following steps:
  • a mask to at least a partial area of the surface of the base layer, the mask being designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation;
  • Irradiation of the base layer and the applied masking with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with UV radiation and/or IR radiation, in order to adjust the different degrees of hardness of the base layer.
  • the electromagnetic radiation can bring about both a reduction in the degree of hardness of the base layer and an increase in the degree of hardness of the base layer.
  • the masking serves in particular to lessen the influence of the radiation on the base layer below the sub-areas by absorbing the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the degree of hardness of the base layer is less strongly influenced by the electromagnetic radiation below the masking compared to the areas of the base layer that are not covered by the masking.
  • the masking is preferably designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength or a specific wavelength range. This or this is advantageously selected in such a way that the effect of the electromagnetic radiation, with which the irradiation takes place, is weakened on the base layer below the masking.
  • the masking can also be designed in such a way that it completely absorbs the radiation at certain wavelengths or wavelength ranges.
  • the difference in curing and/or polymerisation of the base layer between the areas where the masking was applied and the areas where the masking was not applied preferably corresponding to at least a factor of 2, particularly preferably at least a factor of 3.
  • the method results in a degree of hardness in the x-direction between the highest degree of hardness and the lowest degree of hardness within a distance, the extent of which corresponds to one of the following limits:
  • the highest degree of hardness is preferably 1.
  • the lowest degree of hardness is preferably 0.
  • the hardness can be determined, for example, by the method for determining the pendulum hardness according to König (DIN 53 157).
  • a pendulum is set in motion on the surface to be tested at a deflection of 6° without an impulse.
  • the number of pendulum oscillations that the pendulum needs to swing freely in order to be damped from the original deflection of 6° to a target deflection of 3° is then recorded.
  • a hard range is characterized by the pendulum requiring at least eight swings to reach the target deflection.
  • a soft or non-hardened area is characterized in that the pendulum needs at least one swing to reach the target deflection.
  • a soft area is compared to a hard range in that it permits fewer pendulum swings than the hard range in the above measurement.
  • the x-direction can be understood here as a direction that runs parallel to the surface of the base layer.
  • the corresponding degree of hardness gradient is observed on this stretch, starting from an unmasked point in the direction of a masked point. The shorter the distance in which the degree of hardness changes from its highest value to its lowest value, the sharper the separating layer between the areas that have different degrees of hardness.
  • At least a partial area of the base layer or the entire base layer is preferably liquid or at least not yet fully cured when the masking is applied.
  • the density and/or surface tension of the base layer and masking are preferably matched to one another in such a way that the masking essentially remains on the surface of the base layer.
  • the base layer can also be hardened before the mask is applied, the base layer not being completely hardened but being solidified accordingly in order to be able to wear the masking in the desired manner. Hardening can take place, for example, by drying and/or by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with UV radiation.
  • the base layer and the masking are preferably matched to one another in such a way that, in particular when the base layer and the masking are irradiated, a contact angle is set between the base layer and the masking which is preferably greater than 20 degrees, particularly preferably greater than 50 degrees, in particular greater than 70 degrees.
  • This situation can preferably be additionally improved if, before the masking is applied to the base layer, this base layer has already been “gelled” with electromagnetic radiation at a low dose rate, ideally with a very low dose and under inert conditions.
  • the base layer can thus only be partially cured in its surface, ie preferably in the region of less than 50% of its thickness, particularly preferably less than 20%, particularly preferably less than 5% of its thickness.
  • the base layer and the masking are then preferably irradiated together in order to set the different degrees of hardness of the base layer.
  • the edge angle is understood to mean the acute angle between the surface of the base layer and a tangent to the outer edge of the mask at the point where the edge of the mask abuts the surface of the base layer in cross section or the side view of the base layer and masking. If the base layer is not level, a tangent is also applied to the base layer at this point, with the contact angle then being formed as an acute angle between the two tangents.
  • the contact angle is the acute angle between a tangent to the outer edge of the mask at the point where the edge of the mask abuts the surface of the base layer and a plane perpendicular to the direction of release of radiation is.
  • a contact angle is defined in this way, which, the larger it is, represents a measure of how good the separation between masked and unmasked areas is. There is then the sharpest possible separation of the radiation input into the base layer between masked and unmasked areas.
  • the height of the masking at the edge of the masking is at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the height of the masking in the middle of the mask.
  • the shape of the cross-section of the mask approaches a rectangle, with the radiation hitting a mask of equal strength at every point.
  • the masking edge angle As large as possible or by forming a masking whose thickness at the edge corresponds as far as possible to the thickness in the middle of the masking, it is advantageously achieved that the areas of the base layer that lie below the masking are as uniform as possible over the entire masked area exposure to electromagnetic radiation are protected. This can be explained by the fact that there is sufficient masking material at the edge of the masking, which means that a similarly high amount of radiation can be absorbed compared to the center of the masking. Areas that do not have any masking, on the other hand, are irradiated with the full radiation up to the edge of the masking.
  • the center can be defined here as follows. If the applied mask is cut in such a way that the cutting plane is oriented perpendicular to the surface of the base layer located under the mask, the result is a cross-sectional area of the mask with a right and a left end, each defined by the edge of the mask. The extent of the cross-sectional area from right to left is thus defined accordingly by the two ends or the edge. In particular, the center is then a point bisecting the distance between the right and left ends. As an alternative to this definition, the center can also be defined as the area that extends on either side of the point that bisects the line segment. Preferably, the range extends a total of 10% of the distance between the right and left ends, the height of the mask considered for this being taken as the mean value of the height profile of the mask over the corresponding range.
  • a sharp boundary of the radiation input into the base layer can be achieved from left to right between masked and unmasked areas.
  • a further step is carried out in which the base layer on a, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, carrier element and / or on a further layer, in particular on a layer of paint, is applied, and/or a carrier element, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, and/or a further layer, in particular a layer of paint, is applied to the base layer.
  • the carrier element preferably has wood or wood fibers. However, it can also have plastic or metal.
  • the base layer can be liquid and/or only partially solidified or can already be present as a finished, in particular solidified, component when it is applied to the carrier element.
  • the lacquer layer and/or the further layer can be located on a carrier element.
  • a workpiece in particular a panel, can be manufactured that includes the base layer.
  • a workpiece can function in particular as a functional and/or decorative component, for example as a floor covering, as a wall covering or as a component for furniture.
  • the masking on the surface of the base layer is preferably present in liquid form, in particular when the base layer is irradiated in order to set the different degrees of hardness of the base layer.
  • the masking is solidified at least partially, preferably completely, in particular during or before irradiation of the base layer in order to set the different degrees of hardness of the base layer. Provision can also be made for parts of the masking to be solidified, for example to be left on the base layer, so that they form part of the finished workpiece. Other parts of the masking, on the other hand, can be liquid or not completely hardened in order to be able to remove them from the base layer again.
  • the material that forms the masking is preferably applied to the surface of the liquid base layer in liquid form and/or in gaseous form, with application of the material in gaseous form preferably condensing the material to form the masking on the surface of the base layer.
  • condensation nuclei for example in powder form or by electrostatic charging of the base layer, or by another applied liquid, can be provided on the surface of the base layer, for example in a be formed or applied upstream process step. These cause the material that forms the masking to liquefy at the condensation nuclei and form the masking there.
  • digital and/or analog printing technology can preferably be used.
  • the material that forms the masking is preferably applied to the base layer in the form of at least one droplet, particularly when using digital printing technology.
  • the at least one droplet preferably has a volume that corresponds to one of the following limits:
  • the droplets can act individually on the surface of the base layer as a mask. However, several droplets can also coalesce to cover a larger area. Provision can be made for the volume of individual droplets to be varied, ie the volume of each individual droplet is adjusted as required. However, through targeted control of the droplet release, it can also be achieved that droplets combine with one another before they hit the base layer in order to place a larger amount of masking material on an area of the base layer. If the droplet size is varied, the individual droplets preferably meet at least one of the volume limits listed above.
  • the droplet volume of the emitted droplets can be changed to larger volumes in order to cover a relatively large area, whereas if a relatively fine area is to be masked, the droplet volume can be correspondingly reduced.
  • a step is preferably carried out in which the base layer is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with UV and/or IR radiation, which preferably reduces the degree of hardness and/or the viscosity of the base layer to a desired value is set.
  • electromagnetic radiation in particular with UV and/or IR radiation
  • the irradiation preferably takes place immediately before and/or during the application of the mask.
  • this creates a viscosity gradient or a hardness gradient in the base layer such that the side of the base layer facing away from the radiation source of the electromagnetic radiation has a viscosity or hardness that is lower, preferably by a factor of at least 4, than the side of the base layer facing the radiation source .
  • the layer thickness of the liquid base layer is preferably reduced at the points at which the masking, in particular in the form of droplets, is applied, the reduction preferably taking place by less than 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably by less than 1 ⁇ m, the reduction being the layer thickness is effected in particular by the masking sinking into the base layer and/or by displacement of the base layer by the masking.
  • the result here is preferably depressions in the base layer, which are initially filled with the material of the masking. These depressions can be formed by different mechanisms, which can be used exclusively or in combination in the formation of a depression.
  • such a depression can be formed by the physical impulse that the masking material emits, in particular as droplets, into the base layer. Another mechanism causes the depression to form purely through the weight of the masking material, causing it to sink into the base layer. Physical and/or chemical mechanisms can also be at work by using a material for the mask that is immiscible with that of the base layer. Such a recess forms a starting point for subsequent removal of parts of the base layer at the masked location.
  • the masking can also be applied without the formation of depressions, or with depressions of less than 1 ⁇ m from the surface of the liquid base layer. This is preferably the case when the liquid base layer has already been pretreated before the masking is applied by exposure to electromagnetic radiation at a lower dose than would be necessary for complete curing.
  • the surface tension of the material forming the mask is equal to or greater than the surface tension of the base layer.
  • the masking on the surface of the base layer curves sharply at the edges, so that the largest possible contact angle is established and/or so that the masking thickness is also formed at the edge of the masking, which depends on the thickness of the masking in the middle of which deviates by a maximum of 50%.
  • a step is carried out in which the masking is removed or in which the masking and removing the base layer where the masking has been applied, or by simply removing base layer material.
  • the material of the base layer that is located below the masking and that was previously shielded from electromagnetic radiation by the masking is removed.
  • preferably at least 80% of the layer thickness of the base layer is removed.
  • the base layer is particularly preferably completely removed at the point under the masking. This is preferably done when the base layer material under the mask is softer compared to the rest of the base layer. If, instead, softening of the base layer by the electromagnetic radiation at the points where the masking is applied to the base layer has been prevented or reduced, the unmasked part of the base layer has a lower degree of hardness, so that material from this area of the base layer is removed.
  • the removal of the material of the base layer results in depressions and/or through-holes being formed in the base layer at these locations, the removal of the masking or the removal of the masking and the base layer or the removal of material of the base layer only being preferably physical and/or done chemically.
  • brushing and/or grinding can be mentioned as physical removal, which can be supported by suction.
  • suction Alternatively or additionally, physical removal by suction is also conceivable, in particular solely or exclusively by suction.
  • a chemical removal can be realized in particular by etching.
  • a brush or, alternatively or additionally, a grinding or planing element is used to remove the material of the base layer, the base layer and/or the masking is treated by means of electromagnetic radiation in such a way, or its hardness or viscosity is adjusted in such a way that the Brush, the grinding element and/or the planing element does not clog the base coat and/or the masking with dissolved material. It is thus avoided that the brush, the grinding element and/or the planing element has to be cleaned during the production of the workpieces.
  • the irradiation preferably takes place immediately before and/or during the removal.
  • the depressions created in this way form a structure in the base layer.
  • This can be purely decorative and/or also have technical functionality.
  • the structuring can run synchronously with the wood fibers shown, with a certain slip resistance being achieved at the same time through the structuring. Due to the sharp separation between the individual areas with different degrees of hardness, the indentations can be formed with very sharp edges, as described above.
  • a step is carried out in which a further layer, which comprises a base lacquer, is applied.
  • a step is carried out in which the entire layer structure is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, in particular with UV radiation, is irradiated. In this way, complete curing of all components can be achieved.
  • the masking is preferably designed to absorb at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, particularly preferably completely, electromagnetic radiation with which the base layer and the applied mask are irradiated in order to adjust the different degrees of hardness of the base layer.
  • the masking is preferably designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is below a limit wavelength, the limit wavelength preferably being 380 nm, particularly preferably 315 nm, in particular 280 nm.
  • Irradiation with electromagnetic radiation is preferably carried out in order to set the different degrees of hardness of the base layer, with radiation whose wavelength is below the limit wavelength.
  • the radiation preferably has a wavelength of less than 380 nm, particularly preferably less than 315 nm, in particular less than 280 nm.
  • the radiation has its emission maximum at a wavelength of less than 380 nm, particularly preferably less than 315 nm, in particular less than 280 nm, but in each case still, in particular smaller, portions of the emission spectrum above the respective wavelength.
  • the masking is preferably designed to let through electromagnetic radiation that has at least a predetermined minimum wavelength, the irradiation for setting the different degrees of hardness of the base layer with electromagnetic radiation preferably taking place in such a way that electromagnetic radiation is used that exclusively has radiation with wavelengths whose Amount is less than that of the minimum wavelength. This can be done, for example, by using a filter, as a result of which wavelength ranges below a specific wavelength are filtered out.
  • the masking is designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength exceeds a limit wavelength, the limit wavelength preferably being 300 nm, particularly preferably 380 nm, in particular 1000 nm.
  • Irradiation with electromagnetic radiation preferably takes place in order to set the different degrees of hardness of the base layer, with radiation whose wavelength exceeds the limit wavelength.
  • the radiation preferably has a wavelength of more than 300 nm, more preferably more than 380 nm, in particular more than 1000 nm.
  • the radiation has its emission maximum at a wavelength of more than 300 nm, more preferably more than 380 nm, in particular of more than 1000 nm, but in each case still, in particular smaller, portions of the emission spectrum below the respective wavelength.
  • the masking is preferably designed to let through electromagnetic radiation that has at least a predetermined maximum wavelength, the irradiation for setting the different degrees of hardness of the base layer with electromagnetic radiation preferably taking place in such a way that electromagnetic radiation is used, which only has radiation with wavelengths whose amount is greater than that of the maximum wavelength. This can be done, for example, by using a filter, as a result of which wavelength ranges above a specific wavelength are filtered out.
  • the masking is preferably applied in such a way that it runs synchronously, at least in partial areas, with a decorative image that is already on or in the base layer or that was subsequently added to the base layer or to a workpiece that includes the base layer.
  • the result is that the areas with different degrees of hardness, which are produced by the method, are correspondingly synchronous with the decorative image. If, in addition, a structuring is subsequently inserted into the base layer, as described above, a significantly improved synchronicity between the structuring and the decorative image can advantageously be achieved due to the sharp edges of the structuring.
  • the structuring which is created by removing material from the base layer, preferably has a depth of 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
  • a workpiece is also provided, having a
  • Base layer prepared by a method as described above.
  • the base layer preferably has at least one depression in which the interior angle ⁇ is greater than 60 degrees, preferably greater than 70 degrees, particularly preferably greater than 80 degrees.
  • the average thickness of the base layer deviates by less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, from the average thickness of the entire base layer in the edge area of each depression, in particular in the range from 0 to 3 mm from the edge of each depression.
  • the workpiece has a further layer, in particular a lacquer layer, and/or a carrier element, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, the layer and/or the carrier element being/is connected to the surface of the base layer, the base layer having at least one Having depression at the bottom of which the further layer and / or the carrier element are at least partially exposed / is.
  • a further layer in particular a lacquer layer, and/or a carrier element, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, the layer and/or the carrier element being/is connected to the surface of the base layer, the base layer having at least one Having depression at the bottom of which the further layer and / or the carrier element are at least partially exposed / is.
  • the base layer has a depression, the bottom of which allows an underlying layer of the workpiece to shine through, or the bottom of the depression is the underlying layer, whereby the gloss level of the underlying layer can be seen in the depression, this gloss level preferably being around the Degree of gloss of the base layer or the top layer of the panel differs by at least 2 gloss points, preferably at least 4 gloss points, particularly preferably by at least 8 gloss points.
  • at least parts of the masking remain on the base layer after the method has been performed, so that a workpiece is formed which comprises at least parts of the masking and the base layer.
  • unmasked areas are created in the base layer, which have a lower degree of hardness due to the irradiation to influence the degree of hardness, these areas can be removed, with the masking being retained on the areas with a greater degree of hardness.
  • the depressions are then defined by the areas of the base layer with a greater degree of hardness and the masking located thereon.
  • the masking can therefore also be designed in such a way that it is curable when remaining on the base layer and/or has properties that change the surface properties of the base layer, such as slip resistance or degree of gloss.
  • a workpiece having a base layer, wherein the base layer has at least one depression in which the interior angle ß is greater than 60 degrees, preferably greater than 70 degrees, particularly preferably greater than 80 degrees, and / or wherein in edge area of each indentation, in particular in the range of 0 to 3 mm from the edge of each indentation, the average thickness of the base layer deviates by less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, from the average thickness of the entire base layer, and/or wherein the workpiece has an additional layer , in particular a lacquer layer, and/or a carrier element, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, the layer and/or the carrier element being/are connected to the surface of the base layer, the base layer having at least one recess, at the bottom of which the further layer and / or the carrier element are at least partially exposed / is, and / or wherein the Grundsch ot has an indentation, the bottom of which allows an underlying layer of the workpiece to show through,
  • Depressions in the base layer preferably form a structure which is arranged synchronously, at least in partial areas, with a decorative image previously or subsequently printed on the base layer or the workpiece.
  • a device for carrying out the method is provided.
  • the device preferably has a control device, in particular with electronic control means, which is designed by means of appropriate coding to carry out the method described above with the device.
  • the device has a transport device to transport the base layer and/or the carrier element to different processing stations of the device and/or to move different processing stations of the device to the base layer and/or the carrier element.
  • the device preferably has a processing station which is designed to apply the masking.
  • this processing station preferably has digital printing technology.
  • the device preferably has at least one processing station which is designed for irradiating the base layer and/or the masking.
  • this processing station preferably has UV and/or IR radiation sources.
  • the device preferably has at least one processing station which is designed to remove the masking and/or the base layer at the points at which the masking was applied. This processing station is designed in particular for the physical and/or chemical removal of the base layer and/or masking (e.g. as described above).
  • Fig. 4a to c a representation of the interior angle
  • This figure shows the workpiece that includes several layers. At the bottom there is a workpiece core 5 on which a first base coat 1 and a second base coat 2 are provided. In addition, a base layer 3 is applied on which Surface masking in the form of droplets 4 is provided. However, there are also applications that do not require a first base coat 1 and/or a second base coat 2 .
  • liquid droplets 4 are shown with different droplet volumes.
  • contact angle ⁇ is shown as the angle between the surface of the base layer 3 and a tangent to the outer edge of the droplet 4 at the point where the droplet edge abuts the surface of the base layer 3.
  • the edge angle a in the cross section or the side view of base layer 3 and masking is understood to mean the acute angle between the surface of base layer 3 and a tangent to the outer edge of the masking at the point where the edge of the masking, i.e. here the edge the droplet 4, abuts the surface of the base layer. If the base layer 3 is not flat, a tangent is also applied to the base layer 3 at this point, with the contact angle a then being formed as an acute angle between the two tangents.
  • the contact angle a is the acute angle between a tangent to the outer edge of the masking at the point at which the edge of the masking, i.e. here the edge of the droplets 4, touches the surface of the base layer 3, and a plane perpendicular to the emission direction of the radiation.
  • a contact angle a is defined, which, the larger it is, represents a measure of how good the separation between masked and unmasked areas is. There is then the sharpest possible separation of the radiation input into the base layer 3 between masked and unmasked areas.
  • a flat droplet has a small contact angle et, while a very high droplet has a larger contact angle a.
  • FIG. 2 shows a surface of a base layer 3, in particular a liquid one, with a mask applied thereto in the form of droplets 4, which show different contact angles a.
  • the droplets 4 are shown as dots, without showing the contact angle; in the lower illustration, the same droplets are then not shown as dots, but are each shown with a drawn-in contact angle ⁇ .
  • a flat droplet (left) is shown with a correspondingly small contact angle a
  • a higher droplet 4 is shown with a larger contact angle a (right), so that a (left) ⁇ a (right) applies.
  • a The workpiece core 5 is coated with a base paint 1 (step S10), after which the workpiece with the base paint 1 is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation (step S12).
  • the first base coat 1 can function as a primer, for example.
  • a base paint 2 is then applied (step S14) and also irradiated with electromagnetic radiation (step S16).
  • the base coat 2 is used to achieve a desired degree of gloss in the workpiece that is produced using this method.
  • the base layer 3 is then applied thereto (step S20) and also irradiated with electromagnetic radiation (step S30).
  • step S40 liquid droplets 4 are deposited on the base layer 3 to form a mask
  • step S50 liquid base layer 3 and the applied droplets 4 are irradiated with electromagnetic radiation
  • step S50 electromagnetic radiation
  • the areas of the base layer 3 that are covered by the masking change their degree of hardness less than the areas that have no masking.
  • the base layer 3 thus irradiated is processed by mechanical means (step S60). This is done, for example, by brushing, or alternatively by non-contact processing such as sandblasting, water/air or alternative fluids for blasting.
  • step S60 is followed by a step S70, in which a further base lacquer is applied, and a final step S80, in which the entire layer structure on the workpiece core 5 is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation.
  • steps S10, S12, S14, S16, S20, S30, S60, S70 and S80 are to be seen as optional method steps which are listed here as examples.
  • steps S40 and S50 an embodiment of the method that only has steps S40 and S50 is conceivable.
  • further embodiments of the method are conceivable which, in addition to steps S40 and S50, have at least one further step S10, S12, S14, S16, S20, S30, S60, S70 and S80.
  • Figures 4a to c show a representation of the interior angle of a depression in the base layer.
  • FIGS. 4b and c An internal angle 7 of the structure achieved by the method according to the invention on the surface of the workpiece is shown in FIGS. 4b and c.
  • the structure formed by indentations 6 which are shown in Figure 4a and shown in enlarged form in Figure 4b.
  • the other elements described by reference symbols correspond to those of the preceding figures.
  • material of the base layer 3 with a thickness d has been removed almost down to the layer 2 lying underneath.
  • the interior angle 7 is shown in FIG. 4b as the acute angle ⁇ between the horizontal tangent at the lowest point of the bottom of the depression 6 and a tangent on the wall of the depression 6.
  • ⁇ the acute angle ⁇ between the horizontal tangent at the lowest point of the bottom of the depression 6 and a tangent on the wall of the depression 6.
  • 5a and b shows a representation of the bulging of a structure in the area of the depression.
  • FIG. 5b shows in particular the right and left edge of the depression 6, also called pore, on which a bulge with a height d 1 ′ (on the left side) and a bulge with a height d 2 ′ (on the right side) are shown .
  • These bulges are elevations of the base layer 3 with the average layer thickness d of the base layer 3, which are located at the edge of the depression 6.
  • the maximum height and/or the average height d' of the bulge is less than 20% of d, preferably less than 10% of d.
  • FIG. 6a shows a workpiece according to the invention with a workpiece core 5, a first base coat 1 and a second base coat 2 and a base coat 3 lying thereabove.
  • the base layer 3 has one (or more) depressions 6 on.
  • the depression 6 was formed by removing areas of the base layer 3 which had a lower degree of hardness than other areas of the base layer 3.
  • FIG. 6b there is also a basecoat layer 9 lying above the base layer 3, which can influence the degree of gloss of the surface, for example.
  • this base coat layer 9 can also be used to adjust chemical and physical properties of the surface, such as the scratch hardness or the so-called micro-scratch resistance.
  • the first layer of the first base lacquer 1 comprises a primer layer 1a and a decorative layer 1b printed digitally and/or analogously thereon or consists exclusively of primer layer 1a and/or decorative layer 1b.
  • This decorative layer 1b can be based on a digital template, such as an image file, e.g. a wood reproduction, a stone decor or a fantasy decor, as well as any other photo-realistic object or image.
  • the structure that is formed from the depressions 6 can also be created according to a digital template in such a way that it is synchronous with the underlying decorative layer 1b.
  • the basis for the synchronous creation can be the digital template on which, as described above, the decorative layer 1b is also based. It can also be a template derived from this digital template.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary surface of a workpiece according to the invention is shown in plan view.
  • a wood reproduction has been selected as an example, which is located on the surface 10 of the workpiece.
  • Representations of wood pores 11 and knotholes 12 are provided on the surface 10 of the workpiece. Both the wood pores 11 and the knotholes 12 are printed as a decorative image on the panel by the digitally printed layer 1b, cf.
  • proportions of the wood pores 11 and the knotholes 12 are each exactly at the points where they are printed, also by the invention
  • Indentations 6 are shown haptically and visually, cf. Figures 4, 5 and 6.
  • the representations of the wood pores 11 and knotholes 12 of the decorative image are provided synchronously with the indentations 6, so that the most realistic possible impression of the workpiece as a real wood panel results.
  • FIG. 8a shows the basic result of a laboratory measurement of a base layer with a depression that was produced according to the prior art.
  • the depth of the indentation is shown to the top and the width of the indentation to the right.
  • the bulge at the edge of the indentation and the small inner angle of the indentation are clearly visible here.
  • FIG. 8b shows the basic result of a laboratory measurement of a base layer with a depression that was produced using the method according to the invention. No edge bulging can be seen here, or only a slight edge bulging of a height calculated from the surface of the base layer of less than 10% of the layer thickness. In addition, one can see the large interior angle 7 of the cavity, characterized by a steep drop in the walls of the cavity.
  • FIG. 8c shows two measurements corresponding to FIGS. 8a and 8b. Shown in gray is a result showing a measured base layer with depression produced according to the prior art. Here you can clearly see the relatively gently rising sides of the indentation, which result in a relatively small interior angle. Furthermore, the edge bulges around the opening of the depression can be seen, so that the depression does not fall away with relatively sharp edges. In contrast, shown in black is an indentation created according to the teachings of the invention. The edge bulges are minimal here or sometimes not present at all and the sides of the depression are relatively steep compared to those of the depression shown in gray, which causes a large interior angle. The structure or recess in FIG. 8c produced by the method according to the invention is thus much more sharp-edged than would be achievable with prior art methods.
  • Figure 9a shows a base layer 3 extending from left to right.
  • a mask in the form of a droplet 4 is applied to the surface of the base layer 3 .
  • a radiation source for electromagnetic radiation is provided above the base layer 3 and the masking and emits radiation onto the base layer 3 and the masking.
  • the material of the mask is designed to transmit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength greater than 380 nm and to absorb electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength less than 380 nm.
  • the material of the mask is configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength equal to or greater than a certain cut-off wavelength and to absorb electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength less than the certain cut-off wavelength.
  • the material of the mask can also be designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation of a very broad wavelength spectrum, for example from 180 nm to 1500 nm.
  • the base layer 3 is thus exposed to radiation having a wavelength of more than 380 nm in the area under the masking, while the areas to the left and right thereof receive an exposure to radiation with the full spectrum of the radiation source.
  • the degree of hardness of the base layer 3 below the masking is influenced less by the radiation than in the exposed areas to the left and right of it.
  • a filter placed in front of the radiation source can be used as shown in Figure 9b.
  • the filter is designed to only let through electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of less than 380 nm. This ensures that no radiation hits the masking that could be let through by it. The area below the masking is therefore not exposed to radiation.
  • the filter is tuned to the cut-off wavelength of the masking.
  • the areas of the base layer 3 to the left and right of it each receive a radiation input of the filtered spectrum with wavelengths of less than 380 nm.
  • the degree of hardness of the base layer can be influenced very precisely in certain areas, with the masked areas being completely shielded from the influence of electromagnetic radiation.
  • a workpiece is produced in which the interior angle between the printed surface and the visible and tactile structure is very large. Despite the same measurable depth of e.g. 70 pm, the resulting "sharp-edgedness" of the structure gives the impression of a significantly greater depth than with flat structures. All structures with an internal angle of more than 60 degrees, in particular more than 80 degrees, have proven to be particularly suitable (cf. FIGS. 4a to c).
  • a workpiece or panel according to the invention is shown, for example, in FIG contains one or more single-color or transparent lacquer layers, whereby at least one transparent lacquer layer (base layer 3) has been removed in places, so that the lacquer layer 2 lying underneath, also known as the base lacquer, is the uppermost layer in the removed areas, which are called pores 6 in the following of the layer structure.
  • droplets 4 are applied to the liquid base layer 3, this liquid base layer being pretreated by means of electromagnetic radiation (step S30) in such a way that the droplets 4 do not appear at all or only very little, i.e. less than 10% of the layer thickness of the Base layer 3, preferably less than 1% of the layer thickness of the base layer, and at the points where they hit the surface of the base layer 3, a contact angle of more than 20 degrees, preferably more than 50 degrees, particularly preferably more than 70 degrees with the base layer 3 form.
  • step S30 it has proven to be particularly expedient to carry out the pretreatment (step S30) of the liquid base layer 3 under inert conditions (by introducing nitrogen) and with a UV LED (manufacturer ITL - Integration Technology, Ltd.; performance 2 - 4 W/cm2; feed rate 25 m/min; alternatively Phoseon Fireedge FE 300 or 400; 2 - 4 W/cm2; also 25 m/min.).
  • a contact angle of greater than 70 degrees has set after the droplets 4 have been applied.
  • the droplets 4 contain at least one component which absorbs UV radiation in a wavelength spectrum to be selected (e.g.
  • BASF Tinuvin 477 blocks wavelengths below 380 nm), so that after the subsequent further irradiation of the liquid base layer 3 together with the applied droplets 4 with UV Radiation curing the liquid base layer at the points where the droplets were applied is at least a factor of 2 lower than at the other points.
  • the base layer 3 can be completely removed again down to the underlying layer of base paint 2 at the points at which the droplets 4 were previously applied.
  • the areas of the base layer 3 that are less hardened by a factor of at least 2 can be removed with mechanical aids or with fluid jets, such as air, water, mixtures with solid parts, or the like.
  • fluid jets such as air, water, mixtures with solid parts, or the like.
  • circularly rotating brushes with metal bristles with a brush diameter of 350 mm and a bristle diameter of 200 ⁇ m were used with good results.
  • step S30 The measurements on the panels produced in this way have shown that the inventive pretreatment of the liquid base layer 3 with electromagnetic radiation (here: UV radiation in the above wavelength range under inert conditions in step S30), alone and / or in combination with the use of a Composition of the liquid droplets 4 such that they have a higher surface tension than the base layer 3, have resulted in a large contact angle between the droplet 4 and the base layer 3, and thus a very sharp separation of areas with high curing of the base layer and the areas covered by the droplets 4, in the subsequent further irradiation (step S50).
  • the base layer 3 at the points at which the droplets 4 were applied could be completely removed down to the underlying layer of the base lacquer 2 by the mechanical processing of the surface.
  • the workpiece core 5 Before the liquid base layer 3 is applied, the workpiece core 5 can be primed white, for example, and then with a digital decorative image be printed. This layer of digital printing ink 1b, in particular to create the decorative image, can then be covered with the base coat 2, which is also used to adjust the degree of gloss of the pores 6 that are produced later, since the base coat 3 applied over the base coat 2 is then applied to the points after the process of the pores 6 is completely removed again, so that the base coat 2 becomes visible again at these points.
  • a method in particular for producing areas that have different degrees of hardness in a base layer 3, with the following steps:
  • Step S40 applying a mask to at least a partial area of the surface of the base layer 3, the mask being designed to at least partially absorb electromagnetic radiation;
  • Step S50 Irradiating the base layer 3 and the applied masking with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with UV radiation and/or IR radiation, in order to adjust the different degrees of hardness of the base layer 3.
  • a method according to the first aspect wherein the degree of hardness gradient in the x-direction between the highest degree of hardness 1 and the lowest degree of hardness 0 within a distance of less than 0.1 mm, preferably less than 10 ⁇ m, is particularly preferred less than 1 pm is set.
  • a method according to the first or second aspect wherein at least a partial area of the base layer 3 or the entire base layer 3 is liquid or at least not yet fully cured when step S40 is carried out.
  • a method according to one of the above three aspects is provided, wherein the base layer 3 and the masking are matched to one another in such a way that a contact angle a is set between the base layer 3 and the masking, which is preferably greater than 20 degrees, particularly preferably is greater than 50 degrees, in particular greater than 70 degrees, and/or wherein, in particular while performing step S50, the height of the masking at the edge of the masking is at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, particularly preferably at least 90% of the height of the masking is at the center of the masking.
  • a method according to one of the above four aspects is provided, with a further step S20 being carried out, in which the base layer 3 is applied to a carrier element, in particular a plate-shaped or web-shaped carrier element and/or to an additional layer, in particular to a lacquer layer. is applied, and/or a carrier element, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, and/or a further layer, in particular a lacquer layer, being applied to the base layer 3 .
  • a carrier element in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped carrier element and/or to an additional layer, in particular to a lacquer layer.
  • a method according to one of the above five aspects is provided, wherein the masking on the surface of the base layer 3, in particular when step S50 is carried out, is in liquid form or has been solidified at least partially, preferably completely, and/or wherein the material that forms the masking is applied in liquid form and/or in gaseous form to the surface of the liquid base layer 3, with application of the material in gaseous form preferably condensing the material to form the mask on the surface of the base layer 3 , and/or wherein the material forming the masking is in the form of at least one droplets 4, preferably with a volume of less than 1 nL, particularly preferably less than 200 pL, in particular less than 40 pL, is applied to the base layer 3.
  • a method according to one of the above six aspects is provided, with a step S30 being carried out before and/or during step S40, in which the base layer 3 is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with UV and/or IR radiation is set, whereby preferably the degree of hardness and/or the viscosity and/or the surface tension of the base layer 3 is set to a desired value, with a viscosity gradient or hardness gradient in the base layer 3 preferably being created by the irradiation of the liquid base layer 3 with electromagnetic radiation in step S30
  • the side of the base layer 3 facing away from the radiation source of the electromagnetic radiation has a lower viscosity or hardness, preferably by a factor of at least 4, than the side of the base layer 3 facing the radiation source, or a changed surface tension.
  • a method according to one of the above seven aspects is provided, wherein the layer thickness of the liquid base layer 3 is reduced at the points where the masking, in particular in the form of droplets 4, is applied, the reduction preferably being less than 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably by less than 1 ⁇ m, the layer thickness being reduced in particular by the masking sinking into the base layer 3 and/or by displacement of the base layer 3 by the masking.
  • a ninth aspect there is provided a method according to any one of the preceding eight aspects, wherein the surface tension of the material forming the mask is equal to or greater than the surface tension of the base layer 3.
  • a method according to one of the above nine aspects is provided, wherein after step S50 a difference in the curing and / or polymerization of the base layer 3 between the areas where the Masking was applied and the areas where the masking was not applied, the difference in curing preferably being at least a factor of 2, particularly preferably at least a factor of 3.
  • step S50 is followed by a step S60 in which the masking is removed or in which the masking and the base layer 3 are applied at the locations at which the masking is applied was removed, wherein preferably at least 80% of the layer thickness of the base layer 3 is removed and the base layer 3 is particularly preferably completely removed in order to form depressions and/or through-holes in the base layer 3 at these points, the removal of the masking or the removal the masking and the base layer 3 preferably takes place physically and/or chemically, and/or wherein after step S50 a step S70 is carried out, in which a further layer comprising a base lacquer is applied, and/or wherein after step S50 a step S80 is carried out, in which the entire layer structure with electromagnetic radiation g, in particular with UV radiation, is irradiated.
  • a method according to one of the above eleven aspects wherein the masking is designed to absorb at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, electromagnetic radiation with which the base layer 3 and the applied masking are irradiated in step S50.
  • the masking is designed to absorb electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is below a limit wavelength, and/or wherein the irradiation in step S50 takes place with electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is below the limit wavelength, and /or wherein the masking is designed to at least let through electromagnetic radiation that has a predetermined minimum wavelength, wherein the irradiation in step S50 with electromagnetic radiation preferably takes place in such a way that electromagnetic radiation is used, which only radiation with waves has lengths that are below the minimum wavelengths.
  • a method according to one of the above twelve aspects wherein the masking is applied in such a way that it runs synchronously, at least in partial areas, with a decorative image that is already on or in the base layer 3 or that is subsequently applied to the base layer 3 or a workpiece comprising the base layer 3 has been added.
  • a method according to one of the above thirteen aspects is provided, with the masking remaining on the base layer 3 at least in part.
  • a workpiece which has a base layer 3 which has been produced by a method according to one of the preceding fourteen aspects, the base layer 3 having at least one depression in which the interior angle ⁇ is greater than 60 degrees, preferably greater than 70 degrees, particularly preferably greater than 80 degrees, and/or wherein in the edge area of each depression, in particular in the range from 0 to 3 mm from the edge of each depression, the average thickness of the base layer 3 is less than 20%, preferably less than 10% deviates from the average thickness of the entire base layer 3, and/or wherein the workpiece has a further layer, in particular a lacquer layer, and/or a carrier element, in particular plate-shaped or web-shaped, with the layer and/or the carrier element having the surface of the base layer 3 are connected / is, wherein the base layer 3 has at least one depression at the bottom of the wide re layer and/or the carrier element are/is at least partially uncovered, and/or wherein the base layer 3 has a depression, the bottom of
  • Exemplary embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Exemplary embodiment 1:
  • a mineral-filled PVC panel 5 with a thickness of 6 mm is fed to a first painting station.
  • a basecoat 1 in the form of a radiation-curing acrylate paint, which is colored white with TiO2 is applied with a layer thickness of 80 g/m 2 using a roller application method.
  • This base coat 1 is then cured using an Hg-UV lamp with a wide wavelength range of 300-440 nm, while the plate 5 is moved at a constant speed of 20 m/min. transported under the Hg lamp.
  • a previously digitally scanned piece of marble is then printed onto this white primer as a decorative image using a digital printing ink 1b in a continuous process using a single-pass digital printer.
  • An average of 4 g/m2 of digital printing ink is applied, which corresponds to a layer thickness of approx. 4 pm.
  • This digital printing ink is then coated with a base coat 2, which is present as a radiation-curing acrylate mixture (matt coat) with a gloss level of 3 gloss points, with an average layer thickness of 20 ⁇ m, with this acrylate mixture decreasing the gloss level to 5 gloss points (measured with device: Byk Micro-TRI -Gloss, angle 60 degrees).
  • the panel coated in this way is fed to another curing station and irradiated at 20 m/min with an Hg UV lamp with a power of 60 W/cm (corresponding to approx. 50% of the maximum lamp power) over the product width of 1,250 mm .
  • the surface is then coated with a further acrylate mixture, the liquid base layer 3, with a layer thickness of 80 ⁇ m using a roller application method.
  • This liquid base layer is flooded with nitrogen in a drying device in order to displace the oxygen contained in the air in order to achieve good reactivity of the acrylate polymers on the surface.
  • the surface is illuminated via a UV LED with a radiation peak at 395 nm slightly hardened.
  • the droplets 4 are applied to the surface using a single-pass digital printing device with an average droplet volume of 12 pL. Droplets with a volume of 3 pL up to 100 pL are used. The droplets are applied to the surface in such a way that they do not sink into the liquid base layer or sink up to a maximum of 10% of the layer thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
  • the droplets 4 are distributed according to a digital print template, which was created with or without digital processing from the decorative image for the marble, so that the pores 6 subsequently formed by the droplets are synchronous with the underlying decorative image. In this example, about 3 g/m2 area of the panel of droplet mass is applied. The surface of the panel with the droplets is then fed to another drying station, where the entire layer structure is cured with an Hg UV lamp with a power of 100 W/cm.
  • the panel is then transported into a brushing device in which the circularly rotating brushes with steel bristles with a diameter of 0.2 mm per bristle remove the base layer 3 again at the points at which the droplets 4 were applied.
  • the resulting surface is finally hardened in a final drying station using an Hg UV lamp with an output of 240 W/cm.
  • An HDF panel with a thickness of 10 mm which has been previously printed with a decorative image, either via a digital printer or via another, also analogue, printing process, is fed into a painting station and coated with an acrylate-based SIS base coat containing 0.5% by weight Byk 3505, coated with a layer thickness of 60 g/m 2 .
  • This matt lacquer is then partially cured on an Hg-UV lamp with, for example, 50% of the power of exemplary embodiment 1, ie 50 W/cm.
  • the plate is again fed to a coating station in which it receives an SIS base coat with, for example, 60 g/m 2 as an order.
  • This is followed by one Curing under inert conditions, for example with the exclusion of oxygen by flooding with nitrogen using a UV LED, so that 50-80%, preferably 60-70%, curing of this layer takes place.
  • a masking agent with a droplet size of 12 pL per droplet is applied to the surface from a digital print head, for example with a resolution of 300 dpi.
  • the contact angle of the 12 pL droplets applied in this way on the surface gelled by the UV LED under inert conditions is > 70
  • the plate thus coated with the masking agent with the liquid coating and the described structure is fed to an Hg-UV lamp, which completely cures the unmasked part of the second SIS base coat coating, with the part under the masking curing a maximum of 70% , preferably less than 50%.
  • the HDF board with the layer structure described above is then fed to a brushing station, in which a brush with copper wire brushes brushes out the masked surface areas and removes both the masking layer and the underlying SIS base coat, which is not yet fully cured. Then becomes
  • the last step is then to feed the HDF panel coated with topcoat to final curing, the entire layer structure being final-cured with an Hg-UV lamp with more than 100 W/cm, preferably more than 150 W/cm.
  • the feed speed for this entire package is more than 15 m/min., preferably more than 20 m/min.
  • the matting agent used can consist of either pure water or essentially water as the solvent and other UV absorbing agents and binders.
  • the masking agent is based on acrylate lacquer and also contains the corresponding UV absorbers.
  • a PP board made of pure polypropylene or polypropylene with appropriate admixtures, eg filled with mineral components, can be used.
  • the method steps from FIG. 3 can also be interchanged, individual steps can be omitted and/or individual steps can be repeated.
  • additional layers of paint can be applied and partially or fully cured.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de réaliser une couche de fond (3) avec différents degrés de dureté. L'invention concerne en outre une pièce pourvue d'une couche de fond (3) réalisée au moyen d'un tel procédé.
EP21786157.4A 2020-09-28 2021-09-28 Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une couche de fond avec différents degrés de dureté et pièce à différents degrés de dureté Pending EP4041560A1 (fr)

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DE102020212204 2020-09-28
PCT/EP2021/076702 WO2022064072A1 (fr) 2020-09-28 2021-09-28 Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une couche de fond avec différents degrés de dureté et pièce à différents degrés de dureté

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WO2014011110A1 (fr) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Floor Iptech Ab Procédé de revêtement d'un panneau de construction au moyen d'une technique d'impression/de revêtement numérique
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CN115038592A (zh) 2022-09-09

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